Chapter 10 Huawei WCDMA Network Solution

Basic Principles of WCDMA System Huawei WCDMA Network Solution
Chapter 10 Huawei WCDMA Network Solution

This chapter beins with the e!olution of "ifferent !ersions of the WCDMA system to
enable rea"ers to ha!e an o!erall un"erstan"in of the WCDMA system# followe" by
an intro"uction to Huawei$s WCDMA total network solution from the perspecti!e of
specific network construction%
10.1 Overview of WCDMA Evolution
10.1.1 Overview of Standard Evolution
The WCDMA technoloy has one throuh &''(&)(&*(&+ staes since it comes into
bein% The &'' protocol was functionally fro,en in March -.../December 0''' in
12PP official "ocument3 an" almost became mature after two years of impro!ement%
The &) protocol was functionally fro,en in March -..0% The &* protocol was
functionally fro,en in March -..- /with some functions fro,en in 4une3# an" the &+
protocol is estimate" to finali,e its functions in December -..)%
3 GPP R99
3 GPP R4
3 GPP R5
3 GPP R6
Function-finalized
time point
2000/03 2001/03 2002/03 Under plannin
The bearer and control of the
CS domain are separated;
support TDM/ATM/IP
networking
IMS domain is added to
support the endtoend !oIP"
The protocol is further
impro#ed with $%A& in it"
The core network inherits the
network s'stem of
(SM/(P)S and uses the
TDM networking mode"
Fiure 1!1 De#elopment trend of *( protocols
Compare" with 2SM an" 2P&S networks# the most sinificant chane of the
WCDMA system is the chane of the ra"io network% 5n the WCDMA network# the
&a"io Access Network /&AN3 is use" to replace the Base Station Subsystem /BSS3%
-..)6.76-+ Confi"ential 5nformation of Huawei% No
Sprea"in without Permission
Pae0# Total-+
The WCDMA core network in the &'' !ersion can be rear"e" as a combination of
2SM an" 2P&S core networks in terms of networkin# namely# the &'' core network
is classifie" into the Circuit Switche" /CS3 "omain an" the Packet Switche" /PS3
"omain% The architectures of the CS "omain an" the 2SM core network are basically
the same# so are the architectures of the PS "omain an" the 2P&S core network%
5n contrast to the &'' !ersion# the biest chane of the &) core network is that the
network element function of MSC in the CS "omain of the &'' core network is fulfille"
by the MSC Ser!er an" M2W in the &) !ersion# where the MSC Ser!er processes
the sinalin while the M2W processes the !oice% There is no chane in PS "omain%
8or "etails# refer to the architecture "escription in Chapter 1%
The core network usin the &) protocol has two networkin mo"es9 TDM an" 5P%
When the TDM mo"e is a"opte"# the &) network plannin an" construction are
i"entical with that of &'' to a lare "eree% 8or e:ample# in constructin tan"em an"
sinalin networks# many consi"erations are ;ust the same% When the 5P mo"e is
a"opte"# the &) network plannin an" construction are larely "ifferent from that of
&''%
5n contrast to the &) !ersion# an 5MS /5P Multime"ia Subsystem3 "omain is a""e" in
the &* core network# toether with the correspon"in e<uipment an" interfaces# but
there is nearly no chane in the network structure of CS an" PS "omains% Meanwhile#
some e<uipment functions are upra"e" "ue to the enhancement of the network
functions%
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Fiure 1!2 &etworking of the )+ network
The 5MS "omain is o!erlai" with the oriinal PS(CS "omain% 5t is use" to control the
subscribers$ ser!ices% Subscribers can use all kin"s of access techni<ues of the
PS(CS "omain to access the 5MS "omain% 5n the future# new ser!ices base" on the
12PP &* 5MS "omain will ha!e nothin to "o with the access techni<ues that
subscribers a"opt% At that time# no matter what techni<ue is a"opte"# the ser!ice
nee"s to be "e!elope" only once by the ser!ice "e!elopers%
The 5MS "omain a"opts S5P as the basic session protocol% As the S5P is use" to unify
the session mo"el of !oice("ata ser!ices# the 5MS "omain pro!i"es more fle:ible an"
simple support to multime"ia ser!ices%
5t also pro!i"es abun"ant ser!ice "e!elopment interfaces% =perators can e!en
pro!i"e open session messaes to the truste" ser!ice pro!i"ers% Therefore# the
ser!ices will become e!en more open an" fle:ible%
10.1.2 Network Contru!tion Solution
5t becomes a persistin issue for operators an" e<uipment pro!i"ers to construct a
WCDMA network with powerful functions an" stable performance an" also to
consi"er the factors ranin from enineerin technical "ifficulties# capital in!estment
an" the network compatibility to e!olution%
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0% WCDMA network construction
8or operators# there are two solutions to buil"in a WCSDMA network9 >pra"in the
ol" one an" establishin a new one%
As to new mobile operators# they will usually choose to establish a new WCDMA
network% 8or 2SM an" 2P&S operators# they nee" to consi"er issues such as the
network compatibility an" roamin% Howe!er# ra"ually they will also choose to
establish a new one% The followin is a comparison between these two solutions%
Solution 09 >pra"in from 2SM to the WCDMA &'' network9
This solution will turn the -2 2SM network into a network with -2(12 coe:istence by
upra"in MSC# H?& an" 2MSC of the 2SM network into 12 MSC# 12 H?&# 12
2MSC%
&e<uirements9
The upra"e" MSC shoul" support access of WCDMA an" 2SM ra"io network
e<uipment at the same time%
The MSC shoul" support the lu interface base" on ATM an" the A interface
base" on TDM%
Support AM& !oice# H%1-)M multime"ia calls an" TC e<uipment upra"in%
Support "ouble authentication !ia 2SM(WCDMA# 12 MAP# internal han"o!er

an" compatibility%
Support CAM@?1 AAS an" the open capability of MSC =SA%
Support the interation of -2(12 charin systems%

A"!antaes of the upra"e solution9
Minimi,e inter6MSC han"o!er at the initial stae%

Disa"!antaes of the upra"e solution9
Ha!e a bi impact on the stability of the e:istin 2SM network%
&e<uire a hea!y workloa" an" increase "ifficulties in the compatibility test%
Cause the "ecrease of the e:istin network capacity# since 12 ser!ices are e!en
more comple: an" "eman" better processin capability%
Affect the ser!ice pro!isionin an" cause "ifficulties in smooth e!olution#

especially the pro!isionin of N2N technoloy# 5N ser!ice an" the thir"6party
applications%
&e<uire hih costs of upra"in an" lare in!estment% The 12 MSC a"opts the
hihly6a"!ance" technical platform with lare !olume an" hih interation% 5ts
construction cost is lower than that of the -2 MSCB therefore# it woul" be not
worthwhile to upra"e the small6capacity -2 MSC%
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The upra"in of the oriinal charin system will ha!e a bi impact on the
network operation% The interworkin an" compatibility of multiple manufacturers
an" nationwi"e roamin nee" to be !erifie"%
This solution will i!e a full6scale e!aluation to the problems such as the impact on
the stability of the e:istin network# the continuity of ser!ice capabilities# ser!ice
processin capacity# capacity# le!el of interation an" whether the seamless transition
of 2SM6&''6&)6&*6&+ is a!ailable after the upra"in% 5t is har" to know whether the
tra"itional architecture of -2 switches meets the abo!e re<uirements# therefore# it is
also impossible to know the in!estment utili,ation rate of the oriinal 2SM e<uipment%
Solution -9 @stablishin a new WCDMA network
This solution is to establish a new 12 MSC an" a new 12 &AN base" on the oriinal
2SM network% The 2SM an" WCDMA networks will coe:ist in a certain perio" of time
with ser!ice interoperability an" the WCDMA network will ra"ually replace the 2SM
network%
&e<uirements for the core network e<uipment9
@stablish a new WCDMA &AN an" a new MSC to support CAM@?-# 1 5N ser!ice
an" the access of -2(12 networks simultaneously%
The e:istin S2SN an" 22SN ha!e relati!ely small traffic an" can be upra"e
into 12 e<uipment% They shoul" be compatible with 2P&S access an"
applications an" support CAM@?1 5N ser!ices%
8or the WCDMA H?&# both solutions /upra"in the ol" one an" buil"in a new
one3 are a!ailable% As there are few H?&s# the upra"in is <uite easy%
The backbone an" core networks of TMSC an" 2MSC shoul" be share"% 2MSC
upra"in can be "isrear"e" at the initial stae but later they may support 12
MAP an" CAP protocols an" the trier of 12 5N ser!ices%
The sinalin network e<uipment ?STP(HSTP of -2 SSC shoul" be share"%
The -2 MSC shoul" stop capacity e:pansion an" BSS shoul" be connecte" to
the new 12 MSC%
A"!antaes of the solution for buil"in a new WCDMA network9
As a new network# it is easier for the entire network to plan the resources an"
confiurations uniformly in or"er to ha!e a clear network architecture%
With lare capacity an" less offices# it can simplify the network architecture to
facilitate centrali,e" maintenance an" manaement%
The test becomes more con!enient an" comprehensi!e%
Ha!e a small impact on the e:istin network "urin the implementation%

Disa"!antaes of the solution for buil"in a new WCDMA network9
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There may be coor"ination problems with the han"o!er between -2 an" 12

systems% 5f the manufacturers of the e:istin network "o not set obstacles
"eliberately# it is easy to sol!e this problem%
-% @!olution from &'' to &)
@!ol!in from the &'' network to the &) network# you nee" replace the MSC N@ of
&'' with the MSC Ser!er an" M2W of &) from the perspecti!e of the protocol layer%
Howe!er# in terms of the specific implementation# the construction solution of the &''
network at the initial stae is closely relate" with the amount of in!estment nee"e" for
e!olution an" the "ifficulty of upra"in%
03 Solution 09 >pra"in the &'' network to the &) network
5f the MSC N@ of the &'' network has alrea"y taken into account the i"ea of
processin the sinalin an" !oice separately /that is# the MSC base" on the "esin
philosophy of separatin bearer from control is a"opte" to buil" the &'' network3# the
e!olution will be !ery easy no matter upra"in from &'' to the &) of TDM
networkin# or e!en to the &) of 5P networkin an" only the e<uipment nee"s to be
upra"e"%
&e<uirements9
The oriinal &'' shoul" be capable of separatin bearer from control to facilitate
the transition to the &) architecture%
The upra"e" e<uipment shoul" support all the sinalin interfaces of the &)
network%
8ollowin is a comparison between the a"!antaes an" "isa"!antaes of this
solution9
A"!antaes9 5t is easy to upra"e the network% Dou nee" only upra"e the
oriinal e<uipment instea" of purchasin any MSC Ser!er or M2W% 5t is also
easy to upra"e the ATM(5P6base" network% The most important thin is that it
brins !ery bi fle:ibility to the construction an" plannin of the network%
Disa"!antaes9 The &'' network at the initial stae shoul" meet hiher
re<uirements% The &'' network upra"e" "irectly from the 2SM network
probably will not meet these re<uirements% 5n this rear"# you ha!e to establish a
new MSC Ser!er an" M2W%
-3 Solution -9 @stablishin a new &) network
5f the MSC of the &'' network fails to take into account the i"ea of processin the
sinalin an" !oice separately at the later stae /or if this &'' network is upra"e"
"irectly from the 2SM network3# probably the bearer an" control mo"ules cannot be
well separate"% 5n that case# the e!olution from &'' to &) cannot be complete"
throuh upra"in the MSC# or we can say it is not worthwhile% 5n this rear"# we
ha!e to purchase a""itional MSC Ser!er an" M2W%
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8ollowin is a comparison between the a"!antaes an" "isa"!antaes of this
solution9
A"!antaes9 The new network has powerful functions an" is capable of smooth
transition to the later all65P networkin as well as &*%
Disa"!antaes9 5t is re<uire" to establish a new network# which makes the cost

hiher than the upra"e solution%
To summari,e# it is a continuous e!olution process from 2SM to &'' an" then from
&'' to &) in terms of the whole !ersion e!olution% Durin the WCDMA network
construction at the earlier stae# if the solution to upra"in the 2SM network to the
&'' network is a"opte"# you nee" rebuil" the MSC Ser!er an" M2W N@ in
upra"in from &'' to &)% Howe!er# if you establish new &'' network with the MSC
that is able to separate bearer from control# the cost at the initial stae may be hiher
than that of the upra"e solution# but it is con"uci!e to the later smooth transition to
&) an" &*% Therefore# the comprehensi!e in!estment efficiency of the solution for
establishin a new &) network will be much hiher%
1% @!olution from &) to &*
5n &*# an 5MS "omain is a""e"% The loic block "iaram of the 5MS "omain is shown
in 8iure 0.61# where the 2o interface is interconnecte" with the 22SN while the Mb
interface is use" for the e:ternal network to access the 5MS "omain%
Fiure 1!1 %ogic blocks of the IMS domain
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The functional an" loic entities of the 5MS inclu"e B2C8# CSC8# M2C8# 5M6M2W#
M&8C# M&8P# HSS an" S?8% Some loic entities can be e!ol!e" from the &) function
entities while others must be a""e"%
Therefore# it is better to establish new e<uipment of the 5MS "omain for e!olution
from &) to &* an" upra"e the functions of the e<uipment in the oriinal CS an" PS
"omains%
10.2 "otal Network Solution
?ots of factors shoul" be consi"ere" in the WCDMA network construction% 8or
e:ample# the operators shoul" carefully consi"er the followin issues9 The in!estment
of construction capitals# the utili,ation of the e:istin network resources# the plannin
of the networkin form# the smoothness of network upra"in# the implementation
"ifficulty etc%%# as "escribe" below%
10.2.1 CS Do#ain Contru!tion Solution
The construction of the CS "omain in the core network is always the focus no matter
you upra"e the 2SM network to the WCDMA network or upra"e the !ersions of
"ifferent protocols in the WCDMA network% Presente" below is about the solution of
establishin a new WCDMA CS "omain network%
The network resources of the current operators are abun"ant9 TDM networks# 5P
networks an" ATM networks% The bearer use" for networkin is "eci"e" by the
con"ition of the specific bearer resources%
0% Solution 09 Buil"in the CS network in the &'' protocol mo"e
When this solution is a"opte"# the oriinal TDM transmission network can still be
use" for transmission of the &'' CS "omain% As for the ateway an" toll tan"em
e<uipment# you can upra"e the oriinal 2W or establish WCDMA e<uipment throuh
stackin% The a"!antaes an" "isa"!antaes of the two mo"es are alrea"y i!en in
the pre!ious chapter%
With the &'' construction solution# we can make the best of the resources such as
transmission resources# ateway office an" tan"em office# the oo" compatibility with
the oriinal network e<uipment can be well uarantee"# an" !oice ser!ices can be
pro!i"e" with oo" EoS% Therefore# this solution is an economical an" <uick metho"
to intro"uce the 12 systems%
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-% Solution -9 Buil"in the CS network in the &) protocol mo"e
5n buil"in the CS "omain throuh the &) network which separates M2W from the
MSC Ser!er# you can use ATM(5P in the internal core network for transmission an"
use the 2MSC for the con!ersion of !oice co"ec as well as the con!ersion of ATM(5P
to TDM%
The a"!antaes of buil"in the network throuh &) are i!en as follows9
5t makes networkin !ery fle:ible% Dou can confiure the network capacity fle:ibly
throuh M2W accor"in to the local traffic an" con"uct centrali,e" manaement
an" confiuration throuh the MSC Ser!er%
5t helps e!ol!e to the future packet6base" network% 5t is also helpful to sa!e the
ban"wi"th for transmission%
With Trfo technoloy# the !oice <uality is impro!e" an" the !oice co"ec
e<uipment can be sa!e"%
The "isa"!antaes of buil"in the network throuh &) are as follows9
5t is not easy to reuse the oriinal PSTN e<uipment# because the ATM(5P
technoloy is also use" in the transmission of the sinalin an" it is "ifficult to
use the oriinal sinalin network% We nee" the sinalin ateway to interwork
with PSTN%
With the separate architecture# we nee" to take the interworkin between the
MSC Ser!er an" M2W into consi"eration% Howe!er# the test of the compatibility
may lea" to the "elay of the network construction%
1% Solution 19 Buil"in the &'' network throuh &) /with bearer an" control
separate"3
5n buil"in the CS "omain throuh the M2W an" MSC Ser!er of &)# the M2W an"
MSC S@&A@& are locate" in the same place when it comes to the constructionB an"
the MSC Ser!er accesses the M2W !ia the ?AN%=ther characteristics are the same
as that of the &'' network% Therefore# solution 1 has the same a"!antaes an"
"isa"!antaes as solution 0%
Compare" with solution 0# the ma;or a"!antae of solution 1 is that it facilitates the
transition to the &) architecture as these facilities ha!e been e<uippe" with ATM(5P
interfaces an" the sinalin processin capability for the &) networkin% A ra"ual
transition is a!ailable throuh replacin boar"s or a""in the correspon"in M2W to
enable the transition from the &'' to the &)%
Huawei pro!i"es pro"ucts base" on the CS "omain of all kin"s of protocol !ersions#
inclu"in the MSC pro"ucts base" on &'' architecture an" the &'' MSC pro"ucts
base" on the architecture of separate bearer an" control as well as the MSC Ser!er
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an" M2W pro"ucts of &)% The !ersions use" to buil" WCDMA networks !ary with the
construction solution of the operators%
10.2.2 $S Do#ain Contru!tion Solution
The construction of the PS "omain comprises two aspects9 03 the construction of N@s
such as S2SN# 22SN# C2# an" DNSB -3 the construction of the 2P&S backbone
network# namely the construction of the WCDMA PS "omain backbone network%
0% Construction of the WCDMA backbone network
There are se!eral construction metho"s for the WCDMA backbone network9
By usin the e:istin 5P network%
By usin the e:istin ATM network%
By usin the pri!ate line network%
By usin the abo!e metho"s for hybri" networkin accor"in to the local
con"itions%
Please note that if we use the e:istin 5P network to buil" the backbone network# we
nee" APN an" firewall for security# while if we use ATM# the firewall is unnecessary%
Normally in the PS "omain of the WCDMA system# we can use the PAC of ATM or 5P
for bearin on the 2n interface%
As for the pro!incial 2n interface# if we use the ATM network# it is enouh to

achie!e hih security without a""in a firewall at the 2n interface# while if we use
the 5P network# the cost is relati!ely low but e:tra metho"s are nee"e" to ensure
the security# such as a firewall an" 5PSec encryption%
As for the interconnection with e:ternal networks# the 5P mo"e is always nee"e"%
Howe!er# for the interconnection with the 2P&S backbone network# a firewall
must be set%
-% Construction of N@s in the PS "omain
The N@ form of the PS "omain an" the basic functions are ;ust the same no matter it
is the 2P&S network# or the &''(&)(&* network of WCDMA%
As to new operators of WCDMA# they shoul" establish a new WCDMA PS "omain
network%
As to the operators of the e:istin 2P&S network# there are two solutions for buil"in
the PS "omain N@s%
Solution 09 >pra"in the e:istin 2P&S network to the WCDMA network9
Pae0.# Total-+
As the "ifference between the 2P&S network an" the WCDMA PS "omain network
lies in their access networks# the S2SN6relate" interface mo"ules nee" to chane
their 2b interface into the lu6PS interface%
&e<uirements9
S2SN shoul" support the access of the oriinal BSS an" the new &AN at the
same time%
S2SN# 22SN an" C2 shoul" support the rele!ant proce"ures an" ser!ices of
2P&S an" WCDMA%
5t is re<uire" to support the interate" billin of 2P&S an" WCDMA%

A"!antaes9
5t is not "ifficult for upra"in% Dou can sa!e part of your in!estment%
The oriinal e<uipment has been teste" on the network# so it en;oys hiher
stability as compare" with the new e<uipment%
The e:istin packet network architecture can be maintaine" to keep the o!erall
stability of the e:istin network%
5t has little impact on the facilities in the oriinal e<uipment room% We nee" not
reconsi"er buil"in any new e<uipment room or placin the facilities%
Disa"!antaes9
>pra"in the ol" one may impact the e:istin network%
Ser!ice a!ailability after the upra"in !aries with the oriinal 2P&S platform%
5n fact# the "ifficulty of implementin this solution an" the upra"in smoothness
"epen" on the buil"in ability of the 2P&S network e<uipment% 5f the oriinal 2P&S
N@ is "e!elope" on the basis of the 2P&S protocol without consi"erin the
subse<uent transition to WCDMA# it will be !ery "ifficult to upra"e the 2P&S N@s#
especially to upra"e it smoothly% Dou can "o nothin but establish a new suite of
WCDMA PS "omain e<uipment% =n the contrary# if the oriinal 2P&S N@s ha!e
powerful functions with oo" foresiht an" uni!ersal architecture# it can be upra"e"
smoothly an" sa!e a lot of in!estment%
Solution -9 @stablishin a new WCDMA packet network
5f the oriinal 2P&S network cannot be upra"e" smoothly# or it is not worthwhile to
upra"e it# the operators can choose to establish a new WCDMA packet network%
The new WCDMA network can coe:ist with the oriinal 2P&S network at the initial
stae# but it shall ra"ually switch the 2P&S subscribers to the WCDMA packet
network%
The "isa"!antae of this solution is that in!estment is nee"e" in buil"in the new
e<uipment% 5t "oes not allow us to utili,e the oriinal e<uipment# an" we still ha!e to
consi"er buil"in new e<uipment rooms an" placin these e<uipment%
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10.2.% NMS Solution
0% Huawei WCDMA NMS solution
Huawei WCDMA NMS is able to operate# maintain an" manae e<uipment fle:ibly
throuh combinin the centrali,e" manaement an" maintenance system iManaer
M-... an" the ?MT% Huawei iManaer M-... pro"ucts are NMS pro"ucts in the
@M?# which forms a "ouble maintenance an" manaement system with the ?MT of
each pro"uct# namely# sinle6point maintenance an" centrali,e" maintenance%
iManaer M-... can pro!i"e stan"ar" C=&BA interfaces or "irectly open the core
"atabase to the upper layer% 5t helps form a multi6le!el =MS6oriente" NMS solution
after it is connecte" to the NM? layer NMS of the thir" party% This solution is use" to
meet the NMS re<uirements in the N@8# @M? an" NM? layers# while the manaement
of the SMT an" BMT layers re<uire" by the 12 NMS is implemente" un"er the help of
the =SS# as shown in the followin fiure%
Fiure 1!1 &etwork hierarch' of iManager M,---
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-% Characteristics of Huawei WCDMA NMS
With iManaer M-... as the core# Huawei can pro!i"e a whole suite of solutions
base" on the =FM network hierarchy to the applications% 5ts characteristics are
shown in the followin fiure%
Fiure 1!1 .uawei /0M network construction
03 Dimensional an" layere" =FM network architecture
M-... is capable of centrali,e" manaement an" maintenance of WCDMA N@s#
inclu"in MSC# &NC# S2SN# 22SN# C2# H?& an" No"e B# so as to manae them at
a sinle terminal% >sers can "efine the subnets accor"in to their own nee"s an"
classify the N@s base" on the "ifferent subnets% 8or e:ample# they can classify the
&AN si"e an" CN to con"uct layere" manaement in the same NMS%
M-... also pro!i"es northboun" C=&BA interfaces to the upper NMS in or"er to
communicate with them an" carry out layere" manaement of the network# so that
"ifferent layers of the NMS meet "ifferent "eman"s%
All WCDMA N@s also pro!i"e ?MT software for themsel!es% When W-... is not
a!ailable# the software can still operate an" maintain these N@s%
-3 Comprehensi!e maintenance an" manaement functions to meet "ifferent =FM
re<uirements
M-... interate the ?MT system of each N@% 5t allows us to maintain all the N@s
throuh "irectly callin the ?MT system of each N@ on the topo%
M-... pro!i"es centrali,e" manaement for the entire network# inclu"in interate"
fault# interate" performance# an" interate" confiuration to pulse6"ianose the
runnin status of e<uipment in the entire network%
Pae01# Total-+
M-... pro!i"es a comprehensi!e security manaement mechanism% The
maintenance of N@s can be !erifie" by two6le!el authority# i%e%# the user los in to the
M-... client as a M-... user to operate an" maintain the N@s after passin the
authentication of the BAM%
The M-... system also pro!i"es mature anti6!irus protection policies%
13 Characteristic NMS functions
The M-... system can also interate some tools for the purpose of such as network
optimi,ation# network plannin an" reportin to perform some special functions%
5t pro!i"es the remote maintenance metho" base" on a combination of "ialin an"
5nternet to maintain all the N@s remotely%
With the M-... system as a core# we can pro!i"e a mature =FM solution to the
entire WCDMA network# so as to meet the re<uirements of "ifferent users%
1% Application of NMS construction in 12 networks
5n eneral# the NMS construction comes after the network construction% 5t mainly
connects all the pro"ucts throuh computer networks for operation# maintenance an"
manaement%
Fiure 1!1 &etworking of the $CDMA /0M network
Pae0)# Total-+
The abo!e fiure shows the construction of the =FM system in the WCDMA system
networks# inclu"in the access an" manaement of the CS "omain an" PS "omain
e<uipment on the CN si"e# an" the centrali,e" maintenance an" manaement of the
&AN e<uipment%
8rom the abo!e fiure# we know that iManaer M-... follows the TCP(5P to access
an" manae all the N@s% 5t accesses the =M unit of each N@ "irectly# such as BAM%
The =FM network an" each ser!ice network are isolate" an" use "ifferent 5P
a""resses an" network sements%
The iManaer M-... connects with the upper6le!el NMS throuh the network# usin
the aree" protocol such as C=&BA an" open "atabase interfaces for
communication%
10.2.& Si'nalin' Network Solution
0% &'' sinalin network solution
03 Principles for sinalin network construction
Hih reliability of the e<uipment to ensure hih security of the sinalin network%
Supportin "ual backup of the network without sinle point failure to ensure hih
security of the sinalin network%
Powerful processin capability to a"apt to the e:pansion of network scale an"

the rowth of ser!ices%
?ow "elay to ensure the ser!ice connection spee"%
@!en loa" "istribution to e!enly plan the flow of loa" on the sinalin network%
The loa" of the trunk sinalin is liht# an" if each site has a "irect sinalin link#
there will be too many sinalin linksB therefore# in most reions the sinalin link is
a!ailable only for the interconnection between the TMSC an" the STP e<uipment#
while the interaction between the TMSC an" other sites is complete" !ia the STP%
2enerally# the "ual6net "ual6plane networkin mo"e is a"opte" for the sinalin
network to ensure hih security of the sinalin network% STP e<uipment shoul" ha!e
powerful processin capability to a"apt to the network scale e:pansion an" the
ser!ice rowth% 5t also shoul" ha!e low "elay to ensure the ser!ice connection spee"%
5n a""ition# the sinalin links in the 12 mobile networks nee" to be orani,e"
carefully to a!oi" too many sinalin transfer points% At present# the networkin
mo"es of the fi:e" an" mobile sinalin networks are the same% A "irect sinalin link
shoul" be set between two SPs with a lare information !olume# especially between
the MSC(A?& an" the local H?& when the transmission con"ition permits% There are
two SCCP a""ressin mo"es9 2T an" DPC a""ressin mo"es% The 2T a""ressin
mo"e is a"opte" for inter6pro!ince networks while the DPC G SSN a""ressin mo"e
Pae0*# Total-+
for intra6pro!ince networks% 5n this way# the work amount of 2T translation of the STP
e<uipment can be reatly re"uce"%
-3 Difference between the mobile sinalin network an" the fi:e" sinalin network
The hierarchical sinalin network is suitable for the fi:e" sinalin network% At
present# for the fi:e" sinalin network a pairs of in"epen"ent HSTPs are enerally
set in the pro!incial capital to form a "ual6plane mesh network% 8or each of the local
networks# a pair of ?STPs are a!ailable to transfer the PSTN sinalin an" the
intellient network information% An important application of the ?STP is to complete
the inter6office con!ersion from mesh sinalin network to hierarchical sinalin
network# which reatly re"uces the amount of "irect sinalin links an" impro!es the
reliability% Howe!er# the mobile network features hih capacity of local SPs# few SP
sites an" lare sinalin flow between local SPs# so it is better to a"opt "irect links
between SPs# an" in that case the sinalin link con!erence functionality of STP is
not applicable to the mobile network# rather# the sinalin networkin of mesh
topoloy is recommen"e" for the local mobile network%
5f the STP network of PSTN "irectly ser!es as the mobile sinalin network# it
functionally makes no "ifference e:cept the followin issues9
The mobile communication system use the 2T a""ressin mo"e larely an" the
processin of 2T co"e is in the SCCP layer# so the STP network of PSTN nee"
to be upra"e" if not support SCCP function%
The sinalin of the local mobile network usually a"opts "irect links an" the
sinalin to other local networks shoul" pass the STP% Howe!er# the ?STP of the
current PSTN is only use" to transfer the sinalin of the local network# thus all
the sinalin information to the ?STP shoul" be transferre" from the HSTP#
which increases the loa" of the HSTP /that is# it has to transfer both the "omestic
roamin sinalin an" the intra6area sinalin3%
There e:ist multiple intra6area sinalin transfers# which causes time "elay of the
connection an" affects the EoS to some e:tent%
13 Sinalin network construction solution
Two networkin solutions are a!ailable for the mobile sinalin network9
Solution 09 The mobile e<uipment of each local network is only connecte" with the
?STP# which is use" to transfer the intra6pro!ince sinalin an" han" o!er the inter6
pro!ince sinalin to the HSTP%
A"!antaes of solution 0 are simple structure an" easy capacity e:pansion% 5ts
"isa"!antae is also ob!ious9 The inter6pro!ince sinalin passes ?STP an" this
increases the loa" of the ?STP an" the time6"elay of inter6pro!ince roamin an" call
sinalin processin%
Pae0+# Total-+
Solution -9 The mobile e<uipment of each local network is connecte" with both the
?STP an" the HSTP% The mobile e<uipment of the local networks reconi,e the intra6
pro!ince sinalin an" the inter6pro!ince sinalin to forwar" the sinalin to "ifferent
STPs for processin%
The a"!antae of solution - is that it re"uces the loa" of ?STP an" the sinalin
processin "elay% 5ts "isa"!antae is that the capacity e:pansion is not con!enient%
With the increase of the network no"es# the utili,ation of the sinalin links to the
HSTP will be inefficient to some e:tent%
To fully capitali,e on the e:istin HSTP resources an" create new ?STPs to transfer
the inter6pro!ince sinalin# solution 0 with minimum chanes may be a"opte" for
networkin%
)3 5ntro"ucin hih spee" sinalin links to the mobile network
At present# the SSC network of the TDM6base" mobile network aims to pro!i"in
transmission ban"wi"th an" reliability for the sinalin network an" further impro!in
the sinalin network manaement functions% 8rom the perspecti!e of network
"e!elopment# the capability of 12 sinalin networks is much reater than that of
2SM% That is# with the e:pansion of the sinalin network capacity an" scale# an" the
impro!ement of the sinalin network reliability# the sinalin protocol nee"s to be
upra"e" further# so as to enrich the ser!ices pro!i"e" to the subscribers%
At present# the SSC mobile sinalin network enerally a"opts +)Hbit(s sinalin
links% &estricte" by the SSC protocol# the ma:imum sinalin ban"wi"th between the
no"es of the mobile sinalin network is only 0.-)H /+)H0+3# which cannot satisfy
the re<uirements for the sinalin ban"wi"th between the MSC an" the H?&% The
mobile sinalin network nee"s to a"opt -Mbit(s hih spee" sinalin links as soon
as possible to increase the ban"wi"th between the no"es%
To further impro!e the network reliability# the transmission paths of the sinalin
network shoul" be "isperse" as much as possible an" the sinalin network
manaement functions shoul" be enhance"%
-% &) sinalin network construction
5n the 12 &) stae# the bearer of call6in"epen"ent sinalin can only be the TDM6
base" SSC% 5t may be upra"e" to the optional 5P6base" S52T&AN or still a"opt the
TDM6base" SSC% Accor"in to the 12PP specifications# the SCCP(TCAP6base"
MAP(CAP sinalin must a"opt the M1>A(SCTP S52T&AN bearer mo"e# an" M1>A
pro!i"es the upper SCCP with the primiti!e interface completely e<ual to the MTP1
protocol# so no matter the 12 &) sinalin bearer is TDM(SSC or 5P(S52TAN# it is
re<uire" to construct a hierarchical pri!ate roamin sinalin network with network
Pae0C# Total-+
layer sinalin transfer capability# that is# the STP network as shown in the followin
fiure9
"t#er P$%& ''(
)inalin net*or+ or
toll )inalin net*or+
,P--a)ed '.P )inalin
net*or+! /ll piece) of '.P
e0uipment #a1e '22P and
%3U/ tran)fer capa-ilit34 '.P
ma3 -e )er1ed a) 'G
"t#er P$%&
,P -earer net*or+
Fiure 1!1 )1 signaling network construction
5f the hierarchical structure matches an" the TMSC ser!er processin "elay is
enouh# the 5P STP e<uipment may be interate" with the TMSC ser!er e<uipment
physically# so as to effecti!ely re"uce the networkin in!estment of the operators%
10.% (nternetworkin' Solution
8or the interworkin with other networks# the first thin to consi"er is the ser!ice
interworkin% Presently# the ser!ices pro!i"e" by the operators inclu"e fi:e"
telephone ser!ice# 5P access ser!ice# 5P toll ser!ice an" mobile phone ser!ice% 5n
a""ition# the multime"ia !i"eo phone ser!ice may be a key ser!ice of the 12
networks# for which the interworkin shoul" be consi"ere"%
8or the interworkin with other networks# the secon" thin to consi"er is the allocation
of key resources to ser!ices# which affects the EoS% 8or the !oice communication# it
is re<uire" to consi"er the proper confiuration of @C resources while pre!entin
other ser!ices from wastin the @C resources%
8or the interworkin with other networks# it is re<uire" to consi"er the security an"
reliability of the whole network% 5t is better for the ateway e:chane construction to
follow the principles of lare capacity an" paire" construction%
Pae07# Total-+
8or the interworkin with other networks# it is better to access the nearby network to
affecti!ely a!oi" the alternati!e routes of the mobile subscribers% The remote network
may also be accesse" for this purpose# which is useful for the charin settlement
an" the full utili,ation of @C functions%
10.%.1 Nu#)erin' $lan
Now# the numberin plans a"opte" by the mobile communication inclu"e the network
numberin plan an" the PSTN numberin plan%
The net numberin plan is the numberin plan a"opte" in current China mobile
communication system% Both China Mobile an" China >nicom a"opt this kin" of
numberin plan% No further "escription is i!en for the network numberin plan in this
"ocument%
The PSTN numberin plan is to number the mobile subscribers an" e<uipment with
the oriinal PSTN co"in scheme% The plan is consistent with the PSTN as to the
"ialin scheme with a short number an" easy a!ailability of the number%
A"!antaes of the PSTN numberin plan9
The types of the numbers are the same# so such oriinal e<uipment of PSTN as
the tan"em e:chane an" the toll e:chane may be still a"opte" by only a""in
rele!ant "ata confiurations%
Compare" with the network numberin plan# its number lenth is shorter for the
con!enience of "ialin by fi:e" subscribers%
Howe!er# the followin problems may occur in this kin" of numberin plan9
Alternati!e routes may occur when the calle" is roamin%
After the separation of North Telecom an" South Telecom# this plan may obtain
"ifferent number resources from "ifferent reions# or be "ifferent from the "ialin
habits of subscribers% 5t is not certain whether subscribers can accept such a
plan%
The situation of se!ere competitions amon the operators in the China "omestic
communication market comes into bein% The operators buil" their in"epen"ent
networks# which interconnect !ia ateway e:chanes% The a"option of the PSTN
numberin plan will reatly increase the "ata confiuration pressure of some ateway
e:chanes# such as the international incomin calls or the international roamin%
With MAP routin analysis an" call routin analysis# the a"option of the net
numberin plan is helpful for the network selection with simple "ata confiurations% 5t
is better to a"opt this numberin plan for the call amon some international ateway
e:chanes or some operators# while the PSTN numberin plan is useful to select the
eoraphical position of the call or MAP sinalin routes%
Pae0'# Total-+
10.%.1 *atewa+ E,!han'e Solution
0% &e<uirements for ateway e:chane construction
03 Ha!e such features as lare6capacity trunks# powerful sinalin processin
capacity an" abun"ant !oice resources# thus satisfyin the "e!elopment tren"
an" construction re<uirements of the ateway e:chane for Ilare capacity F few
officesJ%
-3 Ha!e a !ariety of interfaces /at least @0 interfaces a!ailable3 to support "i!erse
ser!ices an" access mo"esB an" pro!i"e 5SP with the P&5 interface to a"apt to
the fast "e!elopment of the 5nternet%
13 Ha!e echo cancellation function to re"uce the echo resultin from the two6
wire(four6wire transformation between mobile calls an" fi:e" calls with the
rele!ant echo canceller confiure" in the ateway e:chane%
)3 Ha!e the built6in SDH to pro!i"e the 0**M interfaces for implementin the
centrali,e" traffic# few office "irections an" lare trunk roups in the ateway
e:chane# so as to re"uce the networkin cost# the utili,ation area of e<uipment
room an" the system power consumption%
*3 Ha!e the ability to analy,e the callin number of the incomin trunk%
+3 Support fle:ible networkin9 8or the local network without ?STP or enouh ?STP
capacity# the ateway e:chane may be ser!e" also as ?STPB for the mobile
network pro!i"in abun"ant ser!ices# it is re<uire" to support -M sinalin or
multi6sinalin point technoloy to satisfy the hih capacity re<uirement of the
sinalin linksB 8or the e:chane with o!er ).'+ circuits in a sinle office
"irection# the switchin e<uipment must support multi6sinalin point
technoloies%
C3 Ha!e the SSP(5P function# the CAM@? an" upra"in capabilities for the
con!enience of CAP capability e:pansion accor"in to the ser!ice re<uirements%
-% 2ateway e:chane construction solution
The networkin of the 2MSC is !ery simple% The 2MSC is usually the e:ternal
interface e:chane of an operator% 8or the outoin calls# it is to transfer the !oice
channels out "irectlyB for the incomin calls# it nee"s to in<uire the MS&N of the
calle"# an" then connect the call accor"in to the MS&N% At the early stae of
construction# enerally the 2MSC is also ser!e" as the AMSC% With the increase of
AMSCs# in"epen"ent 2MSC construction ra"ually beins /if there are more than
three AMSCs3 to re"uce alternati!e !oice channels between these AMSCs%
8or the former mobile operators# construction of the mobile ateway e:chane is to
buil" new ones an" upra"e ol" ateway e:chanes% 5t is re<uire" to consi"er the
networkin settin problems of the ateway e:chane# that is# the plannin of the
ateway e:chane%
Pae-.# Total-+
8or the operators that own fi:e" networks# the followin solutions are a!ailable for the
construction of their mobile ateway e:chane9
03 Solution 09 The fi:e" ateway e:chane is interate" with the mobile 2MSC by
upra"in the fi:e" network ateway e:chane
"perator 2
3G net*or+

"perator 2
P'.&

"perator /
"perator 5

Gate*a3
e6c#ane

Gate*a3
e6c#ane

Gate*a3
e6c#ane

Fiure 1!1 Position of the upgraded fi2ed network gatewa' e2change 3fi2ed/*( integrated gatewa'
e2change4
The followin functional upra"in shoul" be carrie" out for the fi:e" ateway
e:chane9
5ncrease MAP functional mo"ules for route en<uiry%
5ncrease @C functional mo"ules%
5ncrease the functions of CAM@?1 SSPs%
5ncrease rele!ant billin functions%
@nhance the number analysis function%

5f only partial upra"in can be achie!e" for the current fi:e" ateway e:chane#
some local networks shoul" be set separately an" some may be interate"% 8or the
office that can be upra"e"# it is also necessary to check the current traffic loa" of the
ateway e:chane% 5f the traffic loa" is hea!y# the switch shoul" be checke" to fin"
whether capacity e:pansion can sol!e the loa" problem% 8or this reason# the followin
re<uirements shoul" be satisfie" before carryin out the upra"in9
The current traffic loa" is liht%
The current traffic loa" is hea!y but it may be sol!e" throuh capacity e:pansion%
The e<uipment !en"ors ensure the e:chane can be upra"e" smoothly%

A"!antaes of the solution9
The 2W an" 2MSC interation is in accor"ance with the network construction

tren" of lare capacity an" few offices% @specially at the early stae of
networkin# the e:istin resources of the fi:e" ateway e:chane are utili,e" to
Pae-0# Total-+
carry out efficient networkin# thus shortenin the construction cycle an"
re"ucin the construction cost%
Disa"!antaes of the solution9
5t re<uires to upra"e the fi:e" ateway e:chane# which may affect the e:istin
network%
Part of the ateway e:chane cannot be upra"e"# which makes the networkin
structure unclear%
-3 Solution -9 Buil" a new 12 mobile ateway e:chane for the fi:e" network
This solution is to buil" a new 12 mobile ateway e:chane separate" from the fi:e"
ateway e:chane# as shown in the fiure below9

"perator 2
3G net*or+
"perator 2
P'.&

"perator /
"perator 5

Gate*a3
e6c#ane

Gate*a3
e6c#ane

Gate*a3
e6c#ane

Gate*a3
e6c#ane

Fiure 2!1 Position of the new *( mobile gatewa' e2change
A"!antaes of the solution9
There is no chane to the ol" ateway e:chane# no risks from the upra"in#
an" no impact on the e:istin fi:e" network from the traffic loa"%
The networkin structure is clear# which is helpful for future network optimi,ation
an" upra"in%
5t is helpful for the interate" operators to carry out in"epen"ent operation

manaement an" in"epen"ent accountin of the mobile an" fi:e" networks%
The @C allocation an" utili,ation is clear# which is helpful to re"uce the @C costs%
Disa"!antaes of the solution9
At the early stae of construction# it causes the trunk wasteB an" compare" with
the interate" ateway e:chane solution# it increases the constructions costs
an" operation costs of the office an" its au:iliary e<uipment%
Althouh the interate" operators ha!e fi:e" telephone networks# they treat their
mobile phone networks the same as those of other mobile operators with two
2Ws passe"# which increases the links of the call an" affects the network <uality%
Pae--# Total-+
2enerally# in"epen"ent accountin is re<uire" for each internal network of the
interate" operators% At present# the interconnection an" accountin of the internal
networks are carrie" out by buil"in their respecti!e ateway e:chanes% Thus# each
pri!ate network nee"s its own in"epen"ent ateway e:chane# which results in
repeate" in!estment an" "oes no oo" to the unifie" internal accountin%
10.%.2 E!ho Can!eller -EC. Confi'uration Solution
The @C confiuration is critical for the interconnection between the 12 mobile
network an" the PSTN% The @C has the automatic "etection function to "etect the
mo"ern sinals an" can "isable the @C function automatically# so it will not affect the
"ata ser!ice functions% Howe!er# the e<uipment cost is fairly hih% To confiure @C
resources where unnecessary will increase the costs of network construction%
@C shoul" be confiure" as near as possible to the fi:e" telephone% 2enerally# the
@C can cancel +) ms echo of the toll calls within about +*.. km% @cho problems
occur if the "istance is more than this fiure%
0% Access mo"e of the @C
MSC pro!i"es two types of echo cancellers9 @mbe""e" echo canceller an"
in"epen"ent echo canceller%
The embe""e" echo canceller is base" on the concept of e:clusi!e use of resources#
that is# one trunk circuit e:clusi!ely occupies one echo canceller% When the @0 sinals
access the MSC# the sinal echo cancellation function is implemente"%
The in"epen"ent echo canceller is base" on the concept of resources sharin% All the
echo cancellers are place" in the @CP==? /@cho Cancellation &esources Pool3% The
echo canceller is occupie" upon re<uest an" then release" after use for reoccupation
by other connections% The number of in"epen"ent echo cancellers may be confiure"
fle:ibly accor"in to the traffic an" the number of trunk e<uipment eneratin the
echo to ma:imi,e the resources sharin%
8rom the perspecti!e of system resources occupation# the @CP==? shoul" occupy
the interface frame slot% 8or the call connection that re<uires echo cancellation# if an
in"epen"ent echo canceller is a"opte"# then four switchin timeslots will be occupie"
in the central switchin network9 =ne is connecte" to the incomin @0 timeslot# one to
the outoin @0 timeslot# an" the other two to the echo canceller as shown in the
followin fiure% An" if an embe""e" echo canceller is a"opte"# then the connection
is the same as the common call connection with only two switchin timeslots
occupie"9 =ne is connecte" to the incomin @0 timeslot# an" the other to the outoin
@0 timeslot shown in the followin fiure% That is# the in"epen"ent echo canceller
reali,es the lobal sharin of echo cancellation resources by occupyin more system
Pae-1# Total-+
resources than the embe""e" echo canceller% 5n particular# the @C is usually
confiure" on the 2MSC e<uipment with reat capacity% The share" @C will reatly
re"uce the number of @0s that can access the 2MSC%

)&S
TC
&5T
TDM
5C
TDM
PST&
)&S
TC
&5T
TDM
5CP
TDM
PST&
/ccupation of the network resources when the independent echo canceller is adopted
/ccupation of the network resources when the embedded echo canceller is adopted
Fiure 1!1 /ccupation of the 5C resources in two cases
Althouh the embe""e" @C can sa!e the switchin resources# sometimes the @Cs
are waste"% 8or e:ample# the "ata ser!ices /inclu"in "ial6up access an" multime"ia
calls3 are con!erte" with 5W8 e<uipment an" nee" no @C to cancel echo any more% 5n
such a case# @C will not affect these ser!ices# but it is a waste of the @C processin
resources% The embe""e" @C is suitable for the 2SM network# in which there are few
such ser!ices an" little waste of @C resources%
5n the other case# PSTN calls the mobile subscriber an" then forwar"s the call to
another PSTN subscriber# thus formin an en"6to6en" PSTN6to6PSTN call an"
causin a waste of the embe""e" @C resources%
The a"option of @CP==? may cause a waste of @C resources# because the T>P
protocol an" 5S>P protocol on the network "o not support the @C processin% 5n this
way# the 2MSC with @CP==? resources "oes not know whether the e:chanes in
the call route ha!e applie" for @C% 5ncorrect ;u"ment will cause e:cessi!e or
insufficient @C resources to be re<ueste"# thus lowerin the communication <uality%
-% Confiuration of "ata ser!ice channels
The "ata ser!ice# multime"ia ser!ice an" fa: ser!ice nee" no @C e<uipment% PSTN
calls the mobile network# an" the call is forwar"e" to the PSTN aain without passin
the @C e<uipment% When interconnectin with the PSTN# the "ata ser!ice an" the
!oice ser!ice may ha!e their respecti!e trunk roups or office "irections# with one for
Pae-)# Total-+
speech call an" one for "ata ser!ice or multime"ia ser!ice% This re<uires that the
2MSC shoul" ha!e the ability to select "ifferent routes for the "ata ser!ice an" the
!oice ser!ice%

Integrated (MSC
/ffice
direction 6
/ffice
direction ,
!oice direction Data direction
PST&
Integrated (MSC
/ffice
direction
!oice trunk group
Data trunk group
PST&
Fiure 1!1 Data and #oice ser#ice channels
5f the "ata or multime"ia traffic is not lare# then "ata ser!ices an" !oice ser!ices may
not be separate"% 5n the current 2SM network# they are usually not separate"%
Howe!er# the 12 multime"ia ser!ice is consi"ere" as a key ser!ice with wi"e
application# so it may be separate" to some e:tent%
10.%.% /outin' Mode
The routin mo"e is consi"ere" enerally from the perspecti!e of the caller%
0% Access to the nearby network is recommen"e" for internal calls of the operator
Consi"erin the fact of internal calls an" all re!enues to the same operator#
technically the mo"e of accessin the nearby network is recommen"e"%
The a"!antae of this mo"e is that it may effecti!ely re"uce the alternati!e routes of
the mobile ser!ices% 5ts "isa"!antae is that it "oes no oo" to the fully play of the @C
function when the mobile network calls the toll fi:e" network%
Pae-*# Total-+
-% Access to the remote network is recommen"e" for the calls amon operators /a
subscriber of the local network calls a subscriber of other networks3
5n this mo"e# the toll ser!ice a"opts its own toll network# thus achie!in the ma:imum
benefits "urin internetwork settlement%
10.%.& /& (nterworkin'
The 12 &) network is characteri,e" by the separation of the MSC ser!er from the
M2W an" the use of ATM(5P as the transmission bearer% 4ust like &''# the &)
network nee"s the interworkin of the bearer connections an" the con!ersion of the
user plane me"ia stream formats# as well as the echo control an" the interworkin of
control layer protocols% As to the ser!ice interworkin mo"e# &'' an" &) are almost
the same%
=n the whole# the interaction between the 12 &) core network an" the PSTN is
complete" !ia the 5S>P sinalin an" trunk sinalin% 4ust like the tra"itional core
network# 12 &) shoul" be confiure" with a "e"icate" ateway e:chane to fulfill the
interworkin re<uirements as "escribe" abo!e# so as to simplify the internetwork
interacti!e connections an" re"uce the number of interacti!e points for the
con!enience of internetwork settlement an" interworkin resources manaement%
Base" on the architecture of separatin the 12 &) core network bearer from control#
it is clear that the 2MSC ser!er un"ertakes the sinalin interworkin in the
application layer of the control plane% The sinalin bearer interworkin is complete"
by the in"epen"ent sinalin ateway S2 e<uipment or 2MSC ser!er# while the
interworkin function between the bearer connection an" the multime"ia layer
"epen"s on the M2W e<uipment%
5n the tra"itional mobile network an" the PSTN interworkin mo"el# the interworkin
between the sinalin control plane an" the bearer plane is implemente" by the
centrali,e" 2MSC with lare capacity% 5n the 12 &) mo"el where bearer is separate
from control# the same MSC ser!er with lare capacity may control se!eral M2Ws# so
the interworkin may be more fle:ible accor"in to the M2W capability an" the
peripheral networkin con"itions# for instance# the in"epen"ent ateway MSC ser!er
or the interate" MSC ser!er /that combines the local e:chane an" ateway
e:chane functions3 controls the interworkin between the multiple local M2Ws that
pro!i"e TDM interfaces an" the local PSTN network%
Pae-+# Total-+

Chapter 10 Huawei WCDMA Network Solution

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Chapter 10 Huawei WCDMA Network Solution

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Basic Principles of WCDMA System Huawei WCDMA Network Solution

Chapter 10 Huawei WCDMA Network Solution

Support AM& !oice# H%1-)M multime"ia calls an" TC e<uipment upra"in%

Support "ouble authentication !ia 2SM(WCDMA# 12 MAP# internal han"o!er

Support CAM@?1 AAS an" the open capability of MSC =SA%

Support the interation of -2(12 charin systems%

Minimi,e inter6MSC han"o!er at the initial stae%

Ha!e a bi impact on the stability of the e:istin 2SM network%

&e<uire a hea!y workloa" an" increase "ifficulties in the compatibility test%

Affect the ser!ice pro!isionin an" cause "ifficulties in smooth e!olution#

The sinalin network e<uipment ?STP(HSTP of -2 SSC shoul" be share"%

The test becomes more con!enient an" comprehensi!e%

Ha!e a small impact on the e:istin network "urin the implementation%

There may be coor"ination problems with the han"o!er between -2 an" 12

Disa"!antaes9 5t is re<uire" to establish a new network# which makes the cost

By usin the e:istin 5P network%

By usin the e:istin ATM network%

By usin the pri!ate line network%

As for the pro!incial 2n interface# if we use the ATM network# it is enouh to

5t is re<uire" to support the interate" billin of 2P&S an" WCDMA%

>pra"in the ol" one may impact the e:istin network%

Powerful processin capability to a"apt to the e:pansion of network scale an"

?ow "elay to ensure the ser!ice connection spee"%

Alternati!e routes may occur when the calle" is roamin%

5ncrease MAP functional mo"ules for route en<uiry%

5ncrease @C functional mo"ules%

5ncrease the functions of CAM@?1 SSPs%

5ncrease rele!ant billin functions%

@nhance the number analysis function%

The current traffic loa" is liht%

The e<uipment !en"ors ensure the e:chane can be upra"e" smoothly%

The 2W an" 2MSC interation is in accor"ance with the network construction

5t is helpful for the interate" operators to carry out in"epen"ent operation

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