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x =
b is a square system such that all entries in A and
b are integers and det(A) is
a non-zero integer, then the solution
x to the system has integer entries only.
7. Every non-zero n n matrix, where n 2, is expressible as a product of some elementary
matrices.
8. For some non-zero vector
w R
3
we have that
w
2
=
w.
4
9. If an n n matrix G is diagonalizable, then there is a unique diagonal matrix similar to G.
10. If S and T are dierent linear transformations mapping R
n
into R
m
, then it is possible that
S(
e
i
) = T(
e
i
) for some standard basis vector
e
i
of R
n
.
11. For every mn matrix A, where m, n 2, and m = n, the rank of A is less than m and n.
12. If a 3 3 matrix P has a row of zeros, then adj(P ) also has a row of zeros.
13. If W is a kdimensional subspace of R
n
and k > 0, then every independent set of k vectors
in R
n
is a basis for W.
(Be sure you have printed the answers in the boxes on page 2)
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Part B - Full Solution Questions
1. (a) Carefully dene the concepts of eigenvalue and eigenvector. [5 points]
(b) For the remainder of this question let B =
1 4 2
3 4 0
3 1 3
[10 points]
Find the characteristic polynomial of B in factored form and the eigenvalues of B.
6
Question 1 continued.
(c) Find an eigenvector corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue of B and nd its eigenspace.
[6 points]
(d) State a theorem that justies why B is diagonalizable and state a diagonal matrix that
is similar to B. [3 points]
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2. (a) Carefully dene what it means for the cross product to be
(i) anti-commutative [3 points]
(ii) non-associative [3 points]
(b) Let
a = [3, 2, 5],
b = [1, 4, 4], and
c = [0, 3, 2].
(i) Find the area of the parallelogram in R
3
determined by
b and
c . [6 points]
(ii) Find the volume of the box with vertex at the origin determined by the vectors
a ,
b , and
c [5 points]
8
3. In all of this question let A be an invertible n n matrix where n 3.
(a) Prove that det(A
1
) =
[
det(A)
]
1
[4 points]
(b) Prove that det
(
adj(A)
)
=
[
det(A)
]
n1
[7 points]
(c) Assume now that the entries in A are integers, the entries in the n 1 vector
b are
integers, and that |det(A)| = 1. Prove that the solution to the square system A
x =
b
has integer entries only.
[8 points]
9
4. In all of this question let
b
1
= [1, 0, 0],
b
2
= [1, 1, 0], and
b
3
= [0, 1, 1].
Assume B =
{
b
1
,
b
2
,
b
3
}
is a basis for R
3
and let T be the linear transformation such
that T(
b
1
) = [1, 1, 2], T(
b
2
) = [1, 5, 2], and T(
b
3
) = [2, 4, 0].
(a) Write the standard basis vectors as linear combinations of vectors in B. [6 points]
(b) Give the standard matrix representation of T, and state the rank and nullity of T.
[8 points]
(c) Give the formula for T ([x, y, z]) [3 points]
10
5. In all of this question assume the characteristic polynomial of the matrix A =
(
4 3
2 1
)
is
p(x) = x
2
3x + 2.
(a) Illustrate the Cayley-Hamilton theorem for A. [5 points]
(b) Let k be a natural number 3. Find the value of the constants and such that
A
k
= A + I (Both and depend on k). [7 points]
11
Question 5 continued.
(c) Find the eigenvalues of A and their corresponding eigenvectors. Find an invertible matrix
C and its inverse, and then show that C
1
AC = D where D is a diagonal matrix.
[11 points]
12
6. In all of this question let T : R
n
R
m
be a linear transformation where m, n 2.
(a) Carefully state the two properties that dene T to be linear. [3 points]
(b) Let V be a subspace of R
n
and let W =
{
T(
v ) |
v V
}
. Prove completely that W
is a subspace of R
m
. [10 points]
13
Question 6 continued.
(c) Assume now that nullity(T) = 0 and that A =
{
a
1
,
a
2
, . . . ,
a
p
}
is a basis for V as
in part (b). Prove completely that the set C =
{
T(
a
1
), T(
a
2
), . . . , T(
a
p
)
}
is a basis
for W as in part (b). [11 points]
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