NOTE: Hey guys!

The questions are pooled by Peeyush, Monika and Shruti, so there are
chances o redundancy! "ut that #ould gi$e you an idea o ho# dierently the sa%e questions
can be asked :P!
&ll the $ery best! Hope N' is the (
st
group to get all placed once again! !
(! )hy do #e ha$e dierent types o net#ork topologies *
&ns : kno# the dierences bet#een dierent type o topologies and based on that ho# do
you chose a topology or a particular type o net#ork *
+! Mention all the layers in the OS, %odel and their unctionalities!
&ns! -no# all the unctionalities o all the layers in OS, %odel and try to understand
#hy that particular unctionality is pro$ided in that particular layer, #hy not in the layer
abo$e or belo# that! .ou #ill surely get a question out o the unctioanalities you
%entioned or any layer!
/! )hy do #e need checksu%0error control at transport layer #hen it is already there at
1ata 2ink layer *
&ns : -no# the si%ilarities and dierences bet#een the co%%on unctionalities o the
dierent layers! The dierences bet#een the% #ill gi$e you the ans#er to such
questions!
3! Ho# does a packet tra$el bet#een t#o heterogenius net#orks *
&ns: 1ra# a diagra% #here t#o net#orks are connected by a couple o inter%ediate
routers! )hen you send a packet ro% any host4& in net#ork4( to host4" in net#ork4+,
discuss #hat all changes are peror%ed 5at protocols header le$el6 in the packet0ra%e at
each hop at all the layers and #hat all re%ains the sa%e! , you ans#er this question
e7plaining packet and ra%e or%at changes you are hal into that co%pany! 58ra%e
header changes at each hop, packet %ostly re%ain the sa%e e7cept TT2 and checksu%
ields 6 :P ! So , suggest, you so%eho# tell this in the ans#er o any question that is
asked! .ou need a sho# o here! :6
9! -no# the dierence bet#een Physical address, 2ogical address and port addresses! )hat
layer * Ho# %any bits * used or #hat * etc!
:! -no# #hat is "and#idth, Throughput, 2atency 5delays in the net#ork6, ;itter!
<! Ho# does Transport layer and 1ata link layer takes care o lost, duplicated or corrupted
seg%ents0ra%es *
&ns : Heard o Stop4and4)ait &=>, ?o4"ack4N &=>, Selecti$e =epeat &=> *
@nderstand it co%pletely and e7plain it partially till the point inter$ie#ers are con$inced
that you didnAt #aste your ti%e in ,,,T"!
B! )hat happens #hen t#o syste%s on the sa%e net#ork try to send packets at the sa%e
ti%e *
&ns : .ou are a big du%b :6 i you ;@ST say CThey collideC as an anse#r here!
D! ?i$e a s%ile to the inter$ie#er or asking this question! &nd say, C,t depends on the
%ultiple access protocol usedC and start sho#ing your kno#ledge by telling the% about
'SM&, 'SM&0'1, 'SM&0'&, =TS0'TS e7changes and blah blah! 1Ont orget to
%ention the dierences and #here they can be useThey like 'SM&0'1 and 'SM&0'&!
No# because you are studying %ultiple access protocols, you study about all =ando%
access, controlled access and channeliEation as #ell! These %ethods should not eel
neglected! &terall you ha$e apti to clear!
(F! Ha$e you heard o BF+!(( * Thats an additional ad$antage to )&N people! SO 1O ,T!
,nter$ie#ers think that only scientists can talk abt BF+!(( conidently! -idding! ,ts al#ays
un to prepare BF+!((! :1
((! Tell the dierence bet#een Hub, "ridge, S#itch, =outer, ?ate#ay!
&ns : ,t is like asking an ,ndian to dierentiate bet#een a chinese and a Gapanese ne#
born baby!!!they all look the sa%e! So kno# the si%ilarities and dierences $ery #ell!
(+! )hy did #e need ,P$: * 1ierences bet#een ,P$3 and ,P$: * N&T *
&ns :Straight or#ard question, straight or#ard ans#er! ,ts rare they #ill ask these
question, but its like i you cant ans#er any other question! These question can sa$e you!
(/! Ho# does a ne#ly connected co%puter on a net#ork send data to another co%puter on
the sa%e net#ork *
&ns : Entire 'isco #ill like i you ans#er this question, i only you kno# #hat they are
e7pecting! They #ant you to tell about &=P! This question #ill be surely asked!
(3! Ho# does one get access to internet #hen they enter a public #ii net#ork *
&ns : Tell about 1H'P!
(9! Ho# does an inter%ediate router or#ards packets to the destination ,P address *
&ns : =outing protocols! This is a $ery ,MP question as 'isco is $ery %uch interested in
2+ and 2/! They kno#s and oten talk about &utono%ous Syste%s 5&S6! So you can start
e7plaining ro% &S, ,nter and intra &S routing protocols! 1istance $ector routing, link
state routing! "?P, =,P, OSP8! 8or sure you #ill get the question on routing protocols
and they e7pect ro% you a real good understading o it!
(:! Ho# e7actly does T'P introduce lo# control and congestion control using a single ield
C#indo# siEeC in T'P header *
&ns : This is not #hat #as asked in inter$ie#s! "ut i you prepare this question, it %ight
help in apti!
(<! E7plain Telnet, 8TP, 1NS!!!blah!!!!blah!!!blah!!!rest application layer protocols
(B! 1ierence bet#een broadcast do%ain and collision do%ain*
(D! Ho# does s#itch learns *
+F! )hat is M&' ageing*
+(! )hat is broadcast Stor%* Ho# do you circu%$ent it*
++! =outing %echanis%s in router
+/! Ho# %any #ires are present in '&T : cable*
+3! Suppose t#o P'Hs are connected by a cable! 1o you need ,P address to co%%unicate *
+9! )hy there is a need o ,P addressing, #hen M&' address can also ser$e the
sa%epurpose*
+:! )hat is the purpose o lo# label in ,P$:*
+<! =easons or the need o ,P$:
+B! )hat is I2&N*
+D! )hat is sub netting and super netting*
/F! )hat is a M&' table and #here it is used*
/(! Ho# a packet lo#s through the net#ork* 58ro% sendersHs application layer to recei$erHs
application layer6
/+! & application using T'P transport layer #as used to transport so%e nu%ber o packets
and the sa%e application #ith reliability eature added to it5 &'-6 o$er @1P #as used to
trans%it the sa%e nu%ber o packets! ,t #as noticed that ti%e taken to transer the
packets successfully #as %ore in case o T'P than @1P! ?i$e =easons!
//! )hy quality o ser$ice is better in circuit s#itching co%pared to packet s#itching*
/3! )hat a router does #hen it recei$es a layer + broadcast packet*
/9! )hat is the purpose o rag%entation ield in ,P$3*
/:! Ho# to a$oid duplicate ,P addressing*
/<! 1o #e ha$e an arp in ,P$:*
/B! 'an you detect collisions in )ii*
/D! ,n the ollo#ing igure, consider the bo7 as a black bo7! ,t has / ports and / users are
connected to the%! Ho# #ill you ind out #hether the bo7 is a hub or a s#itch or a
router*
@ser ( @ser /
@ser +
'o%%unication >uestions:
>!( Ho# #ill you achie$e desired bit error rate in a noisy %ediu%*

?
>!+ &d$antages o 8E' %echanis%s 5eg! cyclic codes, ha%%ing codes6*
>!3 )hat are %odulation techniques* )here are they utiliEed*
>!9 )hich standards operate in ,SM band 5ree6
>!: )hat is ading in channels* Ho# to co%bat ading*
>!< Ho# is requency hopping used in "luetooth security
>!B )hat is ,S, in co%%unications*