UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

Faculty : Faculty of Engineering &

Science
Unit Code : UEET2513
Course : Bachelor of Engineering (Hons)
Electrical and Electronic/
Electronic Engineering/
Electronic and Communication
Unit Title : Analogue Communications
Year/
Semester
: Y2 Lecturer : Mr. Ng Choon Boon
Session : 201305


Tutorial No. 2: AM


1. A baseband signal has the frequency spectrum shown below (left). It is used to modulate
a carrier signal f
c
= 108 kHz, to produce a DSBFC AM signal.
a) Sketch the frequency spectrum of the AM signal.
b) Find the bandwidth of the modulating signal. [14.95 kHz]
c) Find the bandwidth of the modulated signal. [30 kHz]
Repeat the question for the case where the baseband signal is passed through a filter
before modulation. Assume an ideal low pass filter with cutoff frequency of 3 kHz
and unity gain.



2. The output of a DSBFC AM modulator has a maximum positive envelope amplitude of
+12V and a minimum positive envelope amplitude of +4V when modulated by a sine
signal. It is fed into a load resistance of 10.
a. Sketch the waveform and label the voltages.
b. Find the modulation coefficient. [0.5]
c. Find the power of the carrier and the sidebands. [3.2W, 0.2W]
d. How much % of the total power contains information? [11.1%]

3. The unmodulated carrier to an DSBFC AM modulator has V
p
=20V. The modulating
signal is made up of 3 sinusoids of 100Hz, 250Hz and 400Hz with V
p
of 5V, 3V and 1V
respectively. The load resistance is 20.
a. Find the total modulation index. [0.296]
b. Find the total transmitted power and the sidebands power. [10.4375W,0.21875W]

4. An AM signal has the following equation:
[ ] ) 680000 2 sin( 25 ) 350 2 sin( 6 . 0 ) 220 2 sin( 5 . 0 1 ) ( t t t t v
AM
+ + =
The load resistance is 50. Find the % of total power containing information.

f
15 kHz 50 Hz


5. Write the mathematical expression for an AM DSBSC waveform where the carrier has V
p

= 10V, f
c
= 100 kHz, and the modulating signal is the sum of 2 sinusoids with V
p
of 1V
and 2V, with respective frequencies of f
1
= 100Hz and f
2
= 150Hz. If the waveform is
then converted to an SSB waveform by passing it through a BPF that has a gain of 2 and
allows through only the USB, write out the expression of the SSB waveform.

6. The signal power at the output of an antenna of an AM TRF receiver is 87dBm. The
gain of each stage in the receiver are:
Antenna coupling: - 6 dB RF amplifier: 10dB Detector: -8 dB
Audio amplifier: 24dB
There are 3 RF amplifiers in cascade.
The 1-dB compression points for the RF amplifier and audio amplifier are 0dBm and
20dBm respectively.
a) Find the signal power coming out of the audio amplifier. [-47 dBm]
b) Draw a block diagram of the receiver to show the power level at each stage.
c) Determine the minimum signal power out of the antenna required to produce an audio
signal of 10dBm. [-30 dBm]
d) The sensitivity of the receiver is -90dBm. Determine the dynamic range of the
receiver. (Hint: Which amplifier will suffer distortion first?)

7. For an AM heterodyne receiver using low-side injection with a local oscillator frequency
of 300 kHz, determine the IF carrier and upper and lower side frequencies for an RF
envelope that is made up of a carrier and upper and lower side frequencies of 600 kHz,
604 kHz and 596 kHz, respectively. [300kHz, 304 kHz, 296 kHz]

8. For a receiver with IF, RF, and local oscillator frequencies of 455 kHz, 900 kHz, and
1355 kHz, respectively, determine
a. Image frequency [1810 kHz]
b. IFRR for a pre-selector Q of 80. [121.11]

9. Explain the reasons why modulation is necessary.

10. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of a) DSBFC vs. DSBSC b) SSB vs. DSBFC.

11. What are the differences between a low-level and high-level modulation? State the
advantages and disadvantages of each.

12. What are the disadvantages of a TRF AM receiver? How is this overcome in a
superheterodyne receiver?

13. Explain what is an image frequency? How can its effect be overcome?

14. For an AM diode detector, explain using sketches the consequences when the RC time
constant is too large or is too small.

15. Explain the function of the following: (a) squelch circuit (b) AGC