Gene Roddenberry

Gene Roddenberry
Roddenberry in 1976
Born Eugene Wesley Roddenberry
August 19, 1921
El Paso, Texas, U.S.
Died October 24, 1991 (aged 70)
Santa Monica, California, U.S.
Cause of death Heart failure
Residence Bel Air, Los Angeles, California
Other names Robert Wesley
Education Franklin High School
Alma mater Los Angeles City College
Occupation Television writer, producer, and
futurist, police officer
Notable work(s) Star Trek, Star Trek: The Next
Generation
Home town Los Angeles, California
Spouse(s) Eileen-Anita Rexroat (194269)
Majel Barrett (1969his death,
1991)
Children 2 daughters
Rod Roddenberry
Military career
Allegiance United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Eugene Wesley Roddenberry (August 19, 1921 October
24, 1991) known as Gene Roddenberry was an
American television screenwriter, producer, and futurist. He
created the original Star Trek television series and thus the
Star Trek science fiction franchise. Born in El Paso, Texas,
Roddenberry grew up in Los Angeles, California where his
father worked as a police officer. Roddenberry flew 89
combat missions in the United States Army Air Forces during
World War II, and worked as a commercial pilot after the
war. Later he followed in his father's footsteps and joined the
Los Angeles Police Department to provide for his family, but
began to focus on writing scripts for television.
As a freelance writer, Roddenberry wrote scripts for Highway
Patrol, Have GunWill Travel, and other series, before
creating and producing his own television series The
Lieutenant. In 1964, Roddenberry created Star Trek, which
premiered in 1966 and ran for three seasons before being
canceled. Syndication of Star Trek led to increasing
popularity, and Roddenberry continued to create, produce,
and consult on the Star Trek films and the television series
Star Trek: The Next Generation until his death. In 1985 he
became the first TV writer with a star on the Hollywood
Walk of Fame
[1]:110
and he was later inducted by both the
Science Fiction Hall of Fame
[2]
and the Academy of
Television Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame. Years after his
death, Roddenberry was one of the first humans to have his
ashes carried into space.
The Star Trek franchise created by Roddenberry has
produced story material for almost five decades; resulting in
six television series consisting of 726 episodes, and twelve
feature films. A thirteenth film is currently in production, and
is expected to be released in 2016.
[3]
Additionally, the popularity of the Star Trek universe and
films inspired the parody/homage/cult film Galaxy Quest in
1999, as well as many books, video games, and fan films set
in the various "eras" of the Star Trek universe.
1 Early life (19211941)
Gene Roddenberry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry
1 of 12 7/31/2014 1:19 AM
Service/branch United States Army Air
Forces
Years of
service
19411945
Rank Captain
Unit 394th Bombardment Squadron
Battles/wars World War II
Awards Distinguished Flying Cross
2 Military service and civil aviation (19411949)
3 Los Angeles Police Department (19491956)
4 Career
4.1 Early
4.2 Star Trek
4.3 1970s projects
4.4 Star Trek revival
5 Marriages
6 Religious views
7 Death and legacy
8 Filmography
9 References
10 Further reading
10.1 Cast autobiographies
11 External links
Roddenberry was born on August 19, 1921 in El Paso, Texas.
[4]
His parents were police officer Eugene Edward
Roddenberry and Caroline "Glen" (ne Golemon) Roddenberry.
[5]
He grew up in Los Angeles and attended
Berendo J unior High School (now Berendo Middle School), before graduating from Franklin High School in
the winter of 1939; he subsequently entered Los Angeles City College that February.
Although Roddenberry ranked at or above the ninetieth percentile in an intelligence test administered as part of
his college entrance examination, he elected to "[stay] true to his roots" and major in the "solidly blue collar"
police science curriculum; as president of the school's Police Club, he liaised with the Federal Bureau of
Investigation.
[6]
He also developed an interest in aeronautical engineering and obtained a pilot's license through
the United States Army Air Corps-sponsored Civilian Pilot Training program.
[7]
He graduated from Los
Angeles City College with an Associate of Arts degree in police science in 1941, becoming the first member of
his family to earn a college degree.
[8]
In 1941, he joined the United States Army Air Corps, which in the same year became the United States Army
Air Forces. He began training at Goodfellow Field (now Goodfellow Air Force Base) in San Angelo, Texas
with other Civilian Pilot Training alums and graduated as a second lieutenant in September 1942, Class G.
[9]
He
flew combat missions in the Pacific Theatre with the "Bomber Barons" of the 394th Bomb Squadron, 5th
Bombardment Group, of the Thirteenth Air Force and on August 2, 1943, Roddenberry was piloting a B-17E
Flying Fortress named the "Yankee Doodle", from Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, when mechanical failure
caused it to crash on take-off. In total, he flew eighty-nine missions for which he was awarded the Distinguished
2 of 12 7/31/2014 1:19 AM
Gene Roddenberry
Los Angeles Police Department
August 19, 1921 October 24, 1991 (aged 70)
Place of birth El Paso, Texas
Country United States
Years of service 19491956
Rank Sworn in as an Officer 1949;
Police Officer III 1951;
Sergeant I 1953.
Relations Eileen-Anita Rexroat (wife)
Other work LAPD speechwriter, screenwriter,
dramatist, television producer,
creator of Star Trek
Flying Cross and the Air Medal before being honorably discharged at the rank of captain in J uly 1945.
[10]
[11][12]
While working on Star Trek, Roddenberry would spend much of his spare time at California's Monterey
Peninsula Airport with a group of aviation enthusiasts who flew World War II fighters.
After the military, Roddenberry worked as a commercial pilot for Pan American World Airways, qualifying for
the Lockheed L-049 Constellation. He received a Civil Aeronautics commendation for his rescue efforts
following the J une 1947 crash of Pan Am Flight 121 ("Clipper Eclipse") in the Syrian desert near Mayadine
while on a flight to Istanbul from Karachi.
[13]
While based out of Miami, Roddenberry enrolled in three writing
classes at the University of Miami, from which he withdrew with passing grades following his transfer to New
York City in November 1945. During his New York-area sojourn, the Roddenberrys lived in J amaica, Queens,
and River Edge, New J ersey. He briefly continued his education, taking four writing courses offered by the
Columbia University School of General Studies in the spring and fall of 1946 before withdrawing due to the
demands of his employment in J anuary 1947.
Pursuing a career in Hollywood, Roddenberry left Pan Am in
1949 and returned to Los Angeles. To provide for his family,
he joined the Los Angeles Police Department on February 1,
1949. He became a Police Officer III in 1951 and was made a
Sergeant in 1953.
[14]
Toward the end of his law enforcement
career he became the speech writer for legendary LAPD
Chief William H. Parker. He reputedly based his iconic Star
Trek character Mr. Spock on Parker's very rational and
unemotional behavior.
[15]
On J une 7, 1956, he resigned from
the police force to concentrate on his writing career.
[16]
In his
brief letter of resignation, Roddenberry wrote:
I find myself unable to support my family at present on
anticipated police salary levels in a manner we
consider necessary. Having spent slightly more than
seven years on this job, during all of which fair
treatment and enjoyable working conditions were
received, this decision is made with considerable and
genuine regret.
[16]
Early
While Roddenberry worked for the LAPD, he wrote television scripts under the pseudonym "Robert Wesley"
for the series Highway Patrol and both the TV and radio versions of Have GunWill Travel. In 1957, he wrote
an episode for the Boots and Saddles western series entitled "The Prussian Farmer". In 1960, he wrote four
episodes of the British (ITC Entertainment) made Australian western Whiplash.
Eventually, Roddenberry's dissatisfaction with his work as a freelance writer led him to produce his own
television program. He came up with many story ideas and other concepts for his new television series that
3 of 12 7/31/2014 1:19 AM
Gene Roddenberry (third from the
right) in 1976 with most of the cast of
Star Trek at the rollout of the Space
Shuttle Enterprise at the Rockwell
International plant at Palmdale,
California, USA
ultimately went unused, among them were Night Stick, Defiance County, and The Long Hunt of April Savage;
meanwhile, his first attempt, APO 923, was not picked up by the networks, but in 1963, he created and
produced The Lieutenant, which lasted for a single season and was set inside the United States Marine Corps
with Nichelle Nichols starring in the first episode.
Star Trek
Roddenberry developed Star Trek in 1964, as a combination of the two
science-fiction series Buck Rogers and Flash Gordon. He sold the
project as a "Wagon Train to the Stars", and it was picked up by Desilu
Studios. Initially, the series was offered to CBS, who turned it down in
favor of their own sci-fi show, Lost In Space. The first TV pilot went
over its budget and garnered only modest approval from NBC, who
demanded several changes (such as removing the female "Number One"
first officer. Roddenberry was told to also "get rid of the guy with the
ears" but dug in and fought to keep the character of Spock on the show).
Nevertheless, the network commissioned a second pilot, which was
unprecedented. The series premiered on September 8, 1966, and ran for
three seasons, but began to receive low ratings. During the final season,
Roddenberry left active involvement (retaining his executive producer
title in name only) when the network reneged on its promise for a more
desirable time slot. In 1970, Paramount agreed to sell him all rights to
Star Trek, but Roddenberry could not afford the $150,000 price ($911,000 today).
[17]:220
Brannon Braga has said that Roddenberry made it known to the writers of Star Trek and Star Trek: The Next
Generation that religion and mystical thinking were not to be included, and that in Roddenberry's vision of
Earth's future, everyone was an atheist and better for it.
[18]
He stubbornly resisted the effort of network execs to
put a Christian chaplain on the crew of the Enterprise. It would be ludicrous, he argued, to pretend that all other
religions would have become obliterated by this point, or that such a cosmopolitan people would impose one
group's religion on all the rest of the crew.
[19]
The series went on to gain popularity through syndication.
[20]
1970s projects
Following the cancellation of Star Trek, Roddenberry wrote and produced Pretty Maids All in a Row (1971), a
sexploitation film adapted from the novel written by Francis Pollini and directed by Roger Vadim, for MGM.
The cast included Rock Hudson, Angie Dickinson, Telly Savalas, and Roddy McDowall alongside Star Trek
regular J ames Doohan and William Campbell (who appeared as a guest in two Star Trek episodes). It also
featured Gretchen Burrell, the wife of country-rock pioneer Gram Parsons. Despite Roddenberry's expectations,
the film was not a success. In a 2012 Sight & Sound poll, writer/director Quentin Tarantino ranked Pretty Maids
All in a Row among his top twelve favorite films of all time.
[21]
In the summer of 1972, at CBS's behest, Roddenberry began work on a pilot for a science-fiction series, Genesis
II, set on a post-apocalyptic Earth. The pilot aired as a TV movie in March 1973. Ratings for the pilot film were
considered substantially high, but CBS felt that a television series based on the immensely popular Planet of the
Apes franchise would be more profitable, and they declined to commission Genesis II as a series. In 1974,
Roddenberry reworked the Genesis II concept as a second pilot, Planet Earth, for rival network ABC, with
4 of 12 7/31/2014 1:19 AM
similar results. Roddenberry was not involved in a third reworking of the material by ABC, Strange New
World.
[22]
(After Roddenberry's death, Robert Hewitt Wolfe reworked the concept into the Canadian/American
television series, Andromeda.)
In 1973 Roddenberry also produced The Questor Tapes , a project that reunited him with his Star Trek
collaborator, Gene L. Coon, who was in failing health at the time. Intended as a pilot for NBC, who ordered
thirteen episodes and tentatively scheduled the series to follow The Rockford Files on Friday nights,
Roddenberry balked at the substantial changes requested by the network and left the project, leading to its
immediate cancellation. The 100 minute pilot was aired as a television film in 1974. Spectre, a foray into the
occult detective vogue of the era exemplified by Kolchak: The Night Stalker, was produced as a pilot for NBC
in 1977, but did not lead to a series order.
Credited as "executive consultant" and paid $2,500 per episode, Roddenberry was granted full creative control
of Star Trek: The Animated Series (19731974); although he read all scripts and "sometimes [added] touches of
his own," he relinquished most of his authority to de facto showrunner/associate producer D.C. Fontana.
[23]
After Star Trek, Roddenberry said later, he was "perceived as the guy who made the show that was an expensive
flop and I couldn't get work." Faced with a $2,000/month alimony obligation from his 1969 divorce, he began
to largely support himself on the college lecture and science fiction convention circuits at the instigation of
Arthur C. Clarke, offering a program that included the Star Trek blooper reel (much to the consternation of
Leonard Nimoy, who felt that Roddenberry's dissemination of the material amounted to private inurement and
constituted a violation of the creative process
[24]
), a black and white print of the first Star Trek pilot that
included scenes excised from "The Menagerie", and his futurological ruminations.
Star Trek revival
Following the rapturous commercial reception of Star Wars, Paramount green-lit Star Trek: Phase II in J une
1977, with Roddenberry and most of the original cast set to reprise their respective roles. It was to be the anchor
show of a proposed Paramount-owned "fourth network" (thus antedating UPN, which later became part of The
CW Television Network), but plans for the network were soon scrapped and the project was reworked into a
feature film. The result, Star Trek: The Motion Picture, received a lukewarm critical response, but was a hit at
the box office adjusted for inflation it was the third-highest-grossing of all Star Trek movies, with the 2009
film coming in first and the 2013 film in second.
[25]
In 1980, Roddenberry submitted a 60-page treatment for a proposed sequel about the Enterprise crew
preventing a Klingon attempt to thwart the J ohn F. Kennedy assassination.
[26]
Following its rejection by
Paramount, he was replaced on the project by veteran television producer Harve Bennett; the studio "relegated"
Roddenberry to the "figurehead position" of executive consultant, in which he was compensated with a
producer's fee and a percentage of the net profits of any film projects in exchange for proffering non-binding
story notes and liaising with the fan community.
[27][28][29]
Although his story ideas (often variations on the
Kennedy-Klingon plot) were repeatedly unheeded by Bennett's production team, he continued in this capacity
for the next five sequels (Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, Star Trek IV: The
Voyage Home, Star Trek V: The Final Frontier, and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country).
In addition to his lecture obligations, from 1983 to 1985, Roddenberry shifted his attentions to the manuscript of
Report from Earth, a proposed science fiction novel about an alien (Gaan) who takes human form on Earth; it
was never completed.
[27]
Roddenberry was deeply involved in creating Star Trek: The Next Generation, which premiered September 28,
5 of 12 7/31/2014 1:19 AM
1987. According to producer Rick Berman, "Gene's hands-on involvement in The Next Generation diminished
greatly after the first season," but the nature of his increasingly peripheral role was not disclosed because of the
value of his name to fans.
[30]
Berman claims that Roddenberry had "all but stopped writing and rewriting" by
the end of the third season. Although commercially successful from its inception, the series was initially marred
by Writers Guild grievance claims from longtime franchise writers Fontana and David Gerrold, both of whom
left the series under acrimonious circumstances; frequent turnover among the writing staff (24 staff writers left
the show during its first three seasons, triple the average attrition rate for such series); and allegations that
Roddenberry's attorney Leonard Maizlish had become the former's "point man and proxy," ghostwriting memos,
sitting in on meetings, and contributing to scripts despite not being on staff.
Medical records from this period reveal that Roddenberry was likely afflicted by the first manifestations of
cerebral vascular disease and encephalopathy as a result of his longstanding "Valley of the Dolls type" of
recreational abuse of legal and illicit drugs, including alcohol, marijuana, Valium, Seconal, Ritalin, Dexamyl,
and cocaine (which he had used regularly since the production of Star Trek: The Motion Picture). The effects of
these substances were compounded by deleterious interactions with diabetes, high blood pressure, and
antidepressant prescriptions.
[31]
In addition to his film and television work, Roddenberry wrote the novelization of Star Trek: The Motion
Picture.
[32]
It was the first of hundreds of Star Trek-based novels to be published by the Pocket Books imprint
of Simon & Schuster, whose parent company also owned Paramount Pictures Corporation. Previously,
Roddenberry worked intermittently on a novel (The God Thing) based on a rejected 1975 screenplay for a
proposed low-budget ($3 to $5 million) Star Trek film preceding the development of Phase II through 1976.
Attempts to complete the project by Walter Koenig, Susan Sackett & Fred Bronson, Michael J an Friedman, and
Roddenberry biographer David Alexander have proven to be unfeasible for a variety of legal and structural
reasons.
[33]
Star Trek theme music composer Alexander Courage long harbored resentment of Roddenberry's attachment of
lyrics to his composition. By union rules, this resulted in the two men splitting the music royalties payable
whenever an episode of Star Trek aired, which otherwise would have gone to Courage in full.
[34]
(The lyrics
were never used on the show, but were performed by Nichelle Nichols on her 1991 album, "Out of this World.")
Roddenberry cooperated with Stephen Edward Poe (as Stephen Whitfield) on the 1968 nonfiction book The
Making of Star Trek (Ballantine Books). By his demand that Whitfield accepted, they too split the royalties
evenly. As Roddenberry explained to Whitfield in 1968, "I had to get some money somewhere. I'm sure not
going to get it from the profits of Star Trek."
[35]
Herbert Solow and Robert H. J ustman observe that Whitfield
never regretted his fifty-fifty deal with Roddenberry since it gave him "the opportunity to become the first
chronicler of television's successful unsuccessful series".
[36]
In 1942, Roddenberry married Eileen Rexroat. They had two daughters, Darleen and Dawn, but during the
1960s, he had affairs with Nichelle Nichols (said by Nichols to be the reason he wanted her on the show)
[37]
and Majel Barrett. Twenty-seven years after his first marriage, Roddenberry divorced his first wife and married
Barrett in J apan in a traditional Shinto ceremony on August 6, 1969, and they had one child together, Eugene
Wesley Roddenberry, J r.
[38]
6 of 12 7/31/2014 1:19 AM
Roddenberry's star on the Hollywood
Walk of Fame. Presented in 1985, it
was the first star for a television
writer.
[1]:110
Roddenberry was raised as a Southern Baptist, but considered himself a humanist and agnostic. According to
Ronald D. Moore, Roddenberry "felt very strongly that contemporary Earth religions would be gone by the 23rd
century".
[39]
Following a September 1989 stroke at a family reunion in Tallahassee,
Florida, Roddenberry's health declined, ultimately leaving him confined
to a wheelchair by 1991. By the fourth season of The Next Generation,
he seldom appeared at the show's offices. He died from cardiopulmonary
arrest on October 24, 1991.
[40]
After his death, Star Trek: The Next
Generation aired a two-part episode of season five, called "Unification",
which featured a dedication to Roddenberry. In 1992, a portion of
Roddenberry's ashes flew and returned to earth on the Space Shuttle
Columbia mission STS-52.
[41]
On April 21, 1997, a Celestis spacecraft
carrying portions of the cremated remains of Roddenberry, of
Timothy Leary and of 22 other people was launched into Earth orbit
aboard a Pegasus XL rocket from near the Canary Islands.
[42]
On May
20, 2002, the spacecraft's orbit deteriorated and it disintegrated in the
atmosphere. Another flight to launch more of his ashes into deep space
along with those of Majel (Barrett) Roddenberry, his widow who died in
2008, is planned for launch in 2014.
[43]
After his death, Roddenberry's estate permitted filming Earth: Final Conflict and Andromeda, two television
series based on his unused stories. A third story idea was adapted in 1995 as the comic book Gene
Roddenberry's Lost Universe (later titled Gene Roddenberry's Xander in Lost Universe). Gene Roddenberry's
Starship was a computer-animated series that was proposed by Majel Barrett and J ohn Semper but was not
produced.
[44]
Roddenberry and his wife Majel were honored by the Space Foundation in 2002 with the Douglas S. Morrow
Public Outreach Award,
[45]
in recognition of their contributions to awareness of and enthusiasm for space
exploration.
The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Roddenberry in 2007, making him its third "Film, Television and
Media" contributor after Steven Spielberg and George Lucas.
[2]
The Television Academy Hall of Fame inducted
him in 2010.
7 of 12 7/31/2014 1:19 AM
Year Show Role Notes
19551956 Highway Patrol Writer
5 episodes (4 as Robert
Wesley)
19561957 West Point Writer 9 episodes
19571963 Have Gun Will Travel Writer 24 episodes
19631964 The Lieutenant Writer, creator, producer One season
19661968 Star Trek: The Original Series Writer, creator, producer Two seasons
1971 Pretty Maids All in a Row Writer, producer Feature film
19731974
Star Trek: The Animated
Series
Writer, creator, executive
consultant
Two seasons
1973 Genesis II Writer, producer TV movie
1974 Planet Earth Writer, producer TV movie
1974 The Questor Tapes Writer, executive producer TV movie
1977 Spectre Writer, producer TV movie
1979 Star Trek: The Motion Picture Producer Feature film
19871992
Star Trek: The Next
Generation
Writer, creator, executive producer Five seasons
19921994
Star Trek: The Next
Generation
Writer, creator Two seasons
2000-2005 Andromeda (TV series) Writer, creator Five seasons
^
a

b
Pearson, Roberta (2011). "Cult Television as Digital Television's Cutting Edge" (http://books.google.com
/books?id=3cYJ ndq9K1IC&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q&f=false). In Bennett, J ames; Strange, Niki. Television as
Digital Media. Duke University Press. pp. 105131. ISBN 0-8223-4910-8.
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(https://web.archive.org/web/20071014112914/http://www.empsfm.org/press/index.asp?articleID=892) at the
Wayback Machine (archived October 14, 2007). Press release March/April/May 2007. Experience Music Project and
Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame (empsfm.org). Archived 2007-10-14. Retrieved 2013-03-19.
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^ http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Star_Trek_XIII 3.
^ "Gene Roddenberry". Space Sciences (Macmillan Science Library). Gale. 2002. ISBN 0-02-865546-X. 4.
^ RODDENBERRY, GENE - The Museum of Broadcast Communications (http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/R
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Field, San Angelo, TX: Class 42-G, US Army Air Corps. 1942. p. 70.
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^ Freeman, Roger A., with Osborne, David., "The B-17 Flying Fortress Story", Arms & Armour Press, Wellington
House, London, UK, 1998, ISBN 1-85409-301-0, p. 74.
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^ Edward B. Kiker (WinterSpring 2004). "SOLDIERS OF VISION: We Dont Stop When We Take off the
Uniform" (http://www.smdc-armyforces.army.mil/Pic_Archive/ASJ _PDFs/ASJ _VOL_3_NO_1_Y_FLIP_1.pdf)
(PDF). Army Space J ournal. Retrieved December 21, 2008. "He took part in 89 missions and sorties, and was
awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal."
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^ "The Clipper Eclipse" (http://www.check-six.com/Crash_Sites/ClipperEclipse-NC88845.htm). Check-Six.com.
Retrieved 20 May 2013.
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^ David Alexander. (1994) "Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry", Roc, p. 104. 14.
^ Shadow Caster: William H. Parker and Mickey Cohens L.A. cops-and-robbers tale is way stranger than fiction by
J ohn Buntin LA Times Magazine April 2010 (http://www.latimesmagazine.com/2010/04/shadow-caster.html)
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^
a

b
Alexander, p. 141. 16.
^ Davies, Mire Messenger; Pearson, Roberta (2007). "The Little Program That Could: The Relationship Between
NBC and Star Trek" (http://books.google.com/books?id=lhmw637J RgUC&pg=PA209#v=onepage&q&f=false). In
Hilmes, Michele; Henry, Michael Lowell. NBC: America's Network. University of California Press.
ISBN 0-520-25079-6.
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^ Braga, Brannon (J une 24, 2006). "Every religion has a mythology" (http://sidmennt.is/2006/08/16/every-religion-
has-a-mythology/). International Atheist Conference. Reykjavik, Iceland. Retrieved May 11, 2009.
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^ "Gene Roddenberry ." (http://www.nndb.com/people/503/000022437/). 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2012. 19.
^ Sackett, Susan (2002). Inside Trek: My Secret Life with Star Trek Creator Gene Roddenberry. Hawk Publishing
Group. ISBN 1-930709-42-0.
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^ Read New All-Time Top 10 Lists From Martin Scorsese, Woody Allen, Francis Ford Coppola, Quentin Tarantino &
More (http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/read-new-all-time-top-10s-from-martin-scorsese-woody-allen-francis-
ford-coppola-quentin-tarantino-more-20120803)
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USA, New York, J une 1994, ISBN 0-451-45418-9, pp. 398-403.
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^ Clark, M. Star Trek FAQ (http://books.google.com/books?id=s_lxVMh_5xwC&pg=PT323). Hal Leonard, p. 323. 23.
^ ""Perhaps we should establish that worth in dollars (http://www.lettersofnote.com/2010/10/perhaps-we-should-
establish-that-worth.html)", Letters of Note
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^ "Star Trek Movies at the Box Office" (http://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=startrek.htm). Box
Office Mojo. Retrieved February 2013.
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^ Captain Kirk, Mr. Spock, and J FK: The Rejected Roddenberry Pitch for Star Trek II, III, and IV
(http://startrekdom.blogspot.com/2007/06/captain-kirk-mr-spock-and-jfk-rejected.html)
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^
a

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Susan Sackett (2002). Inside Trek: My Secret Life With Star Trek Creator Gene Roddenberry. HAWK Publishing
Group. ISBN 1-930709-42-0.
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^ Greenberger, R. Star Trek: The Complete Unauthorized History (http://books.google.com
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^ Farrand, Phil. The Nitpicker's Guide for X-Philes (http://books.google.com/books?id=pD06za5Og_cC&
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^ J enkins, H., Tulloch, J . Science Fiction Audiences (http://books.google.com/books?id=RXnsOIETzQEC&
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^ Engel, J oel (1994). Gene Roddenberry: The Myth and the Man Behind Star Trek. Hyperion Books. ISBN
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^ Gene Roddenberry (http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?1538) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
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^ The God Thing (http://www.well.com/~sjroby/godthing.html), Complete Starfleet Library 33.
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^ Solow & J ustman, p. 402. 36.
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Alexander, David (1995). Star Trek Creator: The Authorized Biography of Gene Roddenberry. New York:
Roc. ISBN 0-451-45440-5.
Engel, J oel (1994). Gene Roddenberry: The Myth and the Man Behind Star Trek. New York: Hyperion.
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Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Gene
Roddenberry.
Wikiquote has a collection
of quotations related to:
ISBN 0-7868-6004-9.
Fern, Yvonne (1994). Gene Roddenberry: The Last Conversation. Berkeley: University of California
Press. ISBN 0-520-08842-5.
Gross, Edward; Mark A. Altman; Gene Roddenberry (1994). Great Birds of the Galaxy: Gene
Roddenberry and the Creators of Star Trek. Boxtree. ISBN 0-7522-0968-X.
Sackett, Susan (2002). Inside Trek: My Secret Life with Star Trek Creator Gene Roddenberry. Hawk
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Van Hise, J ames (1992). The Man Who Created Star Trek: Gene Roddenberry. Pioneer Books.
ISBN 1-55698-318-2.
Whitfield, Stephen E.; Gene Roddenberry (1968). The Making of Star Trek. New York: Ballantine Books.
ISBN 0-345-34019-1.
Cast autobiographies
Doohan, J ames and transcribed by Peter David. Beam Me Up, Scotty: Star Trek's "Scotty" in his own
words. ISBN 0-671-52056-3.
Koenig, Walter. Warped Factors: A Neurotic's Guide to the Universe. ISBN 0-87833-991-4.
Nichols, Nichelle. Beyond Uhura: Star Trek and Other Memories. ISBN 1-57297-011-1. Published 1995.
Nimoy, Leonard. I Am Not Spock. ISBN 978-0-89087-117-1. Published 1977.
Nimoy, Leonard. I Am Spock. ISBN 978-0-7868-6182-8. Published 1995.
Shatner, William and transcribed by Chris Kreski. Star Trek Memories. HarperCollins. ISBN
0-06-017734-9; ISBN 978-0-06-017734-8. Published 1993.
Shatner, William and transcribed by Chris Kreski. Star Trek Movie Memories. HarperCollins. ISBN
0-06-017617-2. Published 1994.
Solow, Herbert F. and Robert H. J ustman. Inside Star Trek: The Real Story. ISBN 0-671-89628-8.
Published 1999.
Takei, George. To The Stars: The Autobiography of George Takei: Star Trek's Mr Sulu. ISBN
0-671-89008-5. Published 1994.
Whitney, Grace Lee and transcribed by J im Denney. The Longest Trek: My Tour of the Galaxy. Foreword
by Leonard Nimoy. ISBN 1-884956-05-X; ISBN 978-1-884956-05-8. Published 1998.
Official Roddenberry family website
(http://www.Roddenberry.com)
Gene Roddenberry (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm734472/) at
the Internet Movie Database
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Gene Roddenberry
/participant.jsp?participantId=163662) at the TCM Movie
Database
Gene Roddenberry (http://www.allmovie.com/artist/p108615) at AllMovie
Gene Roddenberry (http://memory-alpha.org/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry) at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek
wiki)
Gene Roddenberry (http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?1538) at the Internet Speculative Fiction
Database
Gene Roddenberry (http://web.archive.org/web/20120722084039/http://www.empmuseum.org
/exhibitions/index.asp?articleID=950) biography at the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame
The Museum of Broadcast Communication (http://www.museum.tv
/eotvsection.php?entrycode=roddenberry)
Strange New Worlds: The Humanist Philosophy of Star Trek (http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/cri
/cri-jrnl/web/crj0147a.html) by Robert Bowman, Christian Research Journal, Fall 1991, pp. 20 ff.
StarTrek.com biography (http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/series/TOS/creative/69095.html)
Gene Roddenberry: What Might Have Been... (http://www.tvparty.com/70roddenberry.html) on
Roddenberry's 1970s failed pilots
Celebrating Gene Roddenberry (http://www.treknews.net/2011/08/19/celebrating-gene-roddenberrys-
90th-birthday/)
"Gene Roddenberry" (http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=1924). Find a Grave.
Retrieved J une 10, 2013.
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