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Chronology of India-China relations (1947 - 2002)
1947
India tries to consolidate its position as a
sovereign independent nation as the civil
strife between Communist forces led by Mao
Zedong and the Nationalists led by Chiang
Kai-shek in China reaches its culmination.
1947
4 Dec 1947
Congress leader N G Ranga tells Parliament
that India was aware of the fact that both the
USSR and the United States wanted to
establish their hold on China.
1948
Chiang Kai-shek expresses suspicion over a
Tibetan delegation visiting India to attend the
Asian Relations Conference.
1948
8 March 1948
India proclaims non-interference in China's
internal matters and opts for non-alignment.
1 Oct 1949
People's Republic of China proclaimed, with
Mao Zedong as the Chairman and Zhou Enlai
as the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister.
1949
30 Dec 1949
India becomes the second non-communist
nation to recognize the Peoples' Republic of
China the first being Burma.
31 Jan 1950
President Rajendra Prasad expresses his
desire for an early exchange of diplomatic
representatives.
1950
1 April 1950
K M Panikker appointed first Indian
Ambassador to China.
7 Oct 1950
Chinese troops cross the Sino-Tibetan
boundary, and move towards Lhasa.

Nov 1950
India opposes UN resolutions branding China
as an aggressor in the Korean War.
6 Dec 1950
Nehru advocates China's membership in the
United Nations in a Parliamentary debate
held in New Delhi.
1951
May 1951
The Chinese capture the Tibetan Governor of
Chamdo and made him sign a "17-point
Agreement" in Peking, which concedes
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China's full suzerainty over Tibet.
5 Feb 1952
India expresses great satisfaction over the
peaceful turn of events and establishes
cultural contacts with China.
1952
1954
29 April 1954
Sino-Indian Agreement on Trade and
Intercourse between India and Tibet region of
China signed by Nehru and Zhou Enlai in
Beijing.
15 May 1954
China and India sign the Five Principles of
Peaceful Co-existence or Panchsheel.
They are:
(1) Mutual respect for each other's territorial
integrity and sovereignty;
(2) Mutual non-aggression;
(3) Mutual non-interference in each other's
internal affairs;
(4) Equality and mutual benefit, and
(5) Peaceful coexistence

June 1954
Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai visits
India for the first time, stresses on the five
principles
25 Aug 1954
Nehru in the Lok Sabha welcomed China's
inclusion in the Geneva Conference for
recognition of China as a new Asian nation.

29 Sept 1954
India expresses regret at the General
Assembly resolution postponing discussion
of Communist China's membership in the
UN. Taiwan was still recognised as China by
the UN at that time.
14 Oct 1954
A Sino-Indian trade agreement signed in
Beijing between Nehru and Zhou Enlai and
Sino-Indian Friendship Associations
established in both the countries.
1955
Feb 1955
Indian President Rajendra Prasad
recognizes China's claims over Formosa
(Now Taiwan) as justified in Parliament.
2 March 1955

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India objects to the inclusion of a portion of
India's northern frontier on the official map of
China, saying it was a clear infringement of
Panchsheel
1 April 1955
India signs a Protocol at Lhasa handing over
to China the control of all communication
services in Tibet.
April 1955
Nehru and Zhou Enlai pledge to promote
friendly ties at the Asian-African conference
at Bandung.
1956
Nov 1956
Zhou Enlai visits India for the second time on
a goodwill mission.
18 Dec 1956
Chinese nationals who entered Ladakh were
illegally detained and later sent back to
China.
1957
Sept 1957
Indian Vice-President S. Radhakrishnan's
visits China
4 Sept 1958
India officially objects to the inclusion of a big
chunk of Northern Assam and NEFA in the
China Pictorial - an official organ of the
Chinese Peoples' Republic.
1958
1959
23 Jan 1959
Zhou Enlai spells out for the first time China's
claims to over 40,000 square miles of Indian
territory both in Ladakh and NEFA.
3 April 1959
Dalai Lama escapes from Lhasa and
crosses into Indian territory. India's decision
to grant asylum to him sours relations with
Beijing.

13 Aug 1959
China's offensive propaganda campaign for
the liberation of Ladakh , Sikkim and Bhutan
worries India.
25 Aug 1959
Chinese troops open fire on an Indian Picket
near Migyitun in Eastern Ladakh killing one
Indian soldier. They also overrun the Indian
outpost at Longju, in North-eastern Ladakh.

7 Sept 1959
Nehru tables the First White Paper on India-
China relations comprising notes,
memoranda and letters exchanged between
the Governments of India and China between
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April 1954 and August 1959 in Parliament.
8 Sept 1959
China refuses to accept the Mc Mohan Line
with Zhou Enlai stating that China was not a
signatory to the 1842 Peace Treaty between
British India and England. Further, Beijing
laid claims to almost 50,000 square miles of
Indian territory in Sikkim and Bhutan.

20 Oct 1959
Chinese troops fire on an Indian patrol in the
Aksai Chin area killing nine soldiers and
capturing ten.
7 Nov 1959
Zhou Enlai proposes a 20 km withdrawal by
forces from both sides of the Mcmohan line
and Line of Actual Control.
1960
19 April 1960
A meeting in New Delhi between Zhou Enlai
and Nehru to address the boundary question
ends in deadlock.
25 April 1960
China refuses to acknowledge the Officials'
Report - a detailed study of all historical
documents, records, maps and other
materials relevant to the boundary question -
published by India as the basis for resolution
of the boundary dispute.

3 June 1960
Chinese troops violates the Indian border in
Shipki village in the NEFA region.
24 Oct 1960
Indian Opposition leaders report 52 violations
of the Indian air space by the Chinese troops
in NEFA, Uttar Pradesh and Ladakh.
1961
Feb 1961
China refuses to discuss the Sino-Bhutanese
and Sino-Sikkimese boundary disputes and
further occupies 12,000 square miles in the
western sector of the Sino-Indian border.
July 1961
India's Secretary General of the External
Affairs Ministry, R. K. Nehru's visit to China
for improving ties proves futile.

31 Oct 1961
Chinese starts aggressive border patrolling
and establishes new military formations,
which start moving into Indian territory. .
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21 Nov 1961
Fresh Chinese incursions into the Ladakh
area.

Dec 1961
India under Nehru adopts the Forward Policy
to stem the advancing Chinese frontier line.
The Forward Policy involved the
establishment of a few symbolic posts in
Ladakh so that India might be in a position to
take action to recover any territory within
Chinese possession. It also sought to block
potential lines of further Chinese advance.
April 1962
China issues ultimatum demanding the
withdrawal of the Indian frontier personnel
from the border posts.
1962
22 May 1962
Parliamentarian Hem Barua (Congress) in a
Call Attention Notice in Parliament reports
the indignation heaped on the Indian
Embassy In Beijing, which was denied
permission to celebrate the Republic day by
the Chinese Government.
2 June 1962
China rejects India's demands to withdraw its
forces from Indian territory.

3 June 1962
The Agreement on Trade and Intercourse
between India and China lapses.
10 June 1962
Indian and Chinese soldiers face off within a
100yards of each other in the Galwan Valley
in Ladakh and an armed clash was narrowly
averted when the Chinese withdrew just at a
time when India threatened to use force.

26 July 1962
Both sides indicate willingness to hold
discussions on the basis of the Officials'
Report which China earlier disregarded, for
the resolution of the boundary dispute.
13 Aug 1962
The Indian Government moves a motion
calling for consideration of the situation along
the Indo-China border, particularly in the
Ladakh region.

13 Sept 1962
China repeats its proposal for the withdrawal
of the armed forces by both sides, 20km
back from the Indian border.

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20 Sept 1962
Chinese forces cross the Mc Mohan Line in
the Thagla region 2 miles east of Dhola in
NEFA and open fire on an auxiliary Indian
post.
29 Sept 1962
Chinese forces launch another intensified
attack in the North-eastern border.
6 Oct 1962
New Delhi again accuses China of intruding
into Indian territory in the eastern sector and
attacking Indian forces.

20 Oct 1962
China launches a massive multi-pronged
attack all along the border from NEFA to
Ladakh.
24 Oct 1962
China proposes a three-point cease-fire
formula -- Both parties wouldrespect the Line
of Actual Control, the armed forces would
withdraw 20km from this line and; talks
between the prime-ministers of both
countries to seek a friendly settlement.

26 Oct 1962
India proclaims national emergency.
27 Oct 1962
Nehru rejects China's ceasefire proposal.

15 Nov 1962
A massive Chinese attack on the eastern
front, Tawang, Walong in the western sector
over run, Rezang La and the Chushul airport
shelled. .
18 Nov 1962
Chinese troops capture Bomdila in the NEFA
region

21 Nov 1962
China declares a unilateral ceasefire along
the entire border andannounces withdrawal of
its troops to position 20km behind the LAC.
8 Dec 1962
China sends a note signed by Zhou Enlai to
India reiterating the three-point ceasefire
formula. India accepts.

10 Dec 1962
Colombo proposals endorsed.
(Six non-aligned nations--Egypt, Burma,
Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Ghana and Indonesia
met in Colombo and formulated these
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proposals. The proposals, negotiated
between Zhou Enlai and Nehru, stipulated
Chinese withdrawal of 20km from the
traditional customary lines as claimed by
China, without any corresponding withdrawal
on the Indian side. In the east, the LAC
recognized by both governments was to be
treated as a ceasefire line, while the status
quo would be maintained in the middle
sector.)
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