International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE)

ISSN: 2349-2163
Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 201)
http://ijirae.com
VHDL Implementation of ECC Processor over GF (2^16)

!"emina # $arim %enees" C&'ac"aria %i(o !e)astian
Dept. of ECE, MG University, Kerala Dept. of ECE, MG University, Kerala Dept. of ECE, MG University, Kerala
Mangalam College of Engineering Mangalam College of Engineering Mangalam College Engineering

Abstract ECC (Elliptic curve cryptography) is the most modern technology arising in the more secure data
transmission in the field of Public key cryptography. As compared to the RA it re!uires smaller keysi"e. ECC is
defined over #alois $ields over (%&'()).*he basis of ECC is the point multiplication+ ,hich involves the point
addition and doubling+ finite field arithmetic-s. .ontgomery modular multiplication is used for the efficient
implementation of the finite field in ECC Processor. ynthesi"ed ,ith /ilin0 1E ').% and simulated in .odelsim.
2ey,ords Elliptic curve cryptographic Processor+ .ontgomery multiplier+ Point .ultiplication+ $P#A+ $inite $ield
Arithmetic
I& INTRODUCTION
Cr*pto+rap"* is t"e processes of ma,in+ t"e transfer of -ata sec.re/ to avoi- t"e eaves -rops& 0"e cr*pto+rap"* is
-ivi-e- into mainl* t1o& P.)lic ,e* cr*pto+rap"* an- s*mmetric ,e* cr*pto+rap"* &%!# is t"e 1ell esta)lis"e- p.)lic
,e* cr*pto+rap"*& Cr*pto+rap"* "avin+ a cr*pto+rap"ic al+orit"m in 1"ic" it nee-s a plain te2t an- cip"er te2t/ for t"e
p.)lic ,e* cr*pto+rap"* t"e sen-ers an- receivers ,e* is -ifferent& For s*mmetric ,e* )ot" t"e ,e*s are same 324&It
consists of t"e encr*ption an- -ecr*ption of -ata /t"e encr*ption ,e* an- -ecr*ption ,e* are -ifferent for t"e P.)lic ,e*
cr*pto+rap"*&
Elliptic c.rve cr*pto+rap"* (ECC) is s.perior to %!#& 0"e a-vanta+e of ECC over %!# is it "avin+ t"e lesser ,e* si5e
compare- to t"e %!#&ECC is -efine- 1it" finite fiel- over Elliptic c.rves& Finite fiel- is also terme- as t"e Galois fiel-/
1"ic" involves t"e finite fiel- arit"metic& ECC is )ase- on t"e point m.ltiplication& 0"e point m.ltiplication is compose-
1it" t"e point a--ition an- -o.)lin+ an- t"e finite fiel- arit"metic6s&
0"e ECC 1as intro-.ce- )* )* $o)lit5374 an- 8iller34&ECC is an attractive cr*pto+rap"ic met"o-/ 1"ic" is .se- in
mo)ile comm.nication &FPG# implementation of ECC processor over GF(2^16) is more efficient an- "i+"
performance& 0"e point m.ltiplication of ECC involves t"e point P 1"ic" on t"e elliptic c.rve E an- , is t"e inte+er an-
9 is -efine- as 9:,P/ means t"e P is a--e- , times &8ont+omer* m.ltiplication is intro-.ce- in t"e point m.ltiplication
in ECC processor3;4& 0"e scalar point m.ltiplication over GF(2^16)is implemente- 1it" )inar* fiel-s an- s*nt"esi5e-
1it" <ilin2 I!E an- 8o-elsim&
II& RC!IT"CTUR" O# "CC O$"R %#&2'163( &
Point m.ltiplication is t"e "eart of ECC "avin+ "i+" spee- an- 1"ic" is -efine- in to t"ree -istinct la*ers&
a) Point m.ltiplication
)) Point a--ition an- Do.)lin+
c) Finite fiel- #rit"metic
0"e #rc"itect.re of ECC is s"o1n )elo1&

16
Pi
$i Pi
$i 16 16
Fi+&1 #rc"itect.re of ECC
0"e finite fiel- arit"metic is t"e inner most part/ after t"at t"e point a--ition an- -o.)lin+/ an- t"e point m.ltiplication
is t"e com)ine- 1it" t"is all factors/ 1"ic" forms t"e top most la*er& 0"e scalar point m.ltiplication is fo.n- o.t )* P is
a--e- , times to itself 314&

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Point 8.ltiplication
Point #--ition an- Do.)lin+
Finite fiel- #rit"metic
International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE)
ISSN: 2349-2163
Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 201)
http://ijirae.com
A. Finite Field Arithmetic over GF!"#$%&
0"e Finite fiel- arit"metic is 1ell in cr*pto+rap"ic -esi+n& ="ic" involves t"e mainl* fo.r -ifferent la*ers/ also 1e
can sa* t"at it constit.tes 324 >?
1) #--ition
2) 8.ltiplication
) !@.arin+
7) Division AInversion
#. Addition
0"e a--ition operation in Finite fiel- arit"metic is simple <B% operation &it is -efine- as follo1s/
C(2): # 2or C 8o- f(2)/1"ere f(2) is t"e -efine- pol*nomial over GF(2^16)&
Algorithm 1
for i in D & & m?1 loop
c(i) >:(a(i) E )(i)) mo- fF
en- loopF
1"ere as/
c(2): a(2) 2or )(2) : mo- f
!. M'ltiplication
Algorithm 2?Montgomery M'ltiplier
Inp.t >a(2)/)(2)/f(2)
B.tp.t >c(2): a(2))(2) mo- f(2)
1&c(2) >: D
2&for i : D to m?1 -o
&c(2) >: c(2)Ea1)(2)
7&c(2) >:c(2) Ec
%. ()'aring
Algorithm *Montgomery ()'arer
for I in D & & 2Gm?2 loop c(i) >: DF en- loopF
for i in D & & m?1 loop c(2Gi) >:a(i)F-(i) >:DF
en- loopF
for I in D & & m?1 loop
if c(D):1 t"en
c >: m22vv2(c/ f)F
c(m) >:m22or(c(m)/1)F
en- ifF
c >:ls"ift2(c)F
en- loopF
+. Division
Algorithm 7* ,inary algorithm polynomial
#>:fF )>:"F c>:5eroF ->:+F alp"a>:mF )eta >:m?1F
="ile )eta H:D loop
If )(D):D t"en
)>:s"ift Ione ())F->:-ivi-e I )* I2(-/ f)F)eta >:)eta?1
else
ol- )>)F ol- ->:-F ol- I)eta>:)etaF
)>:s"ift Ione a--(a--(a/ )))F
- >:-ivi-e I)* I2(a--(c /-)f)F
if alp"aH)eta t"en
a>: ol-F c>:ol-F )eta>:alp"a?1Falp"a>:ol- )etaF
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE)
ISSN: 2349-2163
Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 201)
http://ijirae.com
else )eta >:)eta?1F
else )eta>:)eta?1F
en- ifF
en- ifF
en- loopF
5 >:cF
, . -oint addition and Do'bling
Point -o.)lin+ can )e s.)stit.te- )* s@.arin+ /over t"e finite fiel- )* a simple operation &It is constit.te- )* t"e
s@.arin+ t"at -one in t"e fiel- arit"metic& Point #--ition is carrie- o.t )* t"e fiel- GF(2^16)&
Let P:(21/ *1)/9:(22/*2) over F2^m 1"ere P an- 9 are t1o points -efine- in t"e elliptic c.rve E -efine- 1it" t"e
pol*nomial f(2): E E E1&
Point #--ition>
PE9 :(</J) 1"ere 2:K2EK1E21E22Ea /*:K(21E2)E2E*1 an- K:(*1E*2)A(21E22)&
Point Do.)lin+>
2P:(2/*) 1"ere 2:K2EKEa:212E)A212/*:212EK2E2 an- K:21E*1A21 374&
*1/ *2 21/22 lam)-a 21/2
start start
-one -one
lam)-a 2
*
*1
lam)-aIs@.are 2
Fi+ 2&Cloc, -ia+ram for Point a--ition operation&
C . -oint M'ltiplication
Point 8.ltiplication is t"e )asis of ECC Processor&#ll t"e finite fiel- arit"metic/ point a--ition an- -o.)lin+
constit.tes t"e point m.ltiplication &8ont+omer* point m.ltiplication s"o1s less -ela*/ area an- po1er 3;4&
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Divi-er 8.ltiplier
!@.are
2or 2or
2or
International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE)
ISSN: 2349-2163
Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 201)
http://ijirae.com
Fi+ &#rc"itect.re for Point 8.ltiplication
III& S*NT!"SIS ND SI+U,TION R"SU,TS
A. (im'lation .es'lt.
0"e point a--ition an- m.ltiplication is s*nt"esi5e- an- sim.late- in 8o-elsim for t"e fiel- of GF(2^16)-efine-
1it" t"e pol*nomial f(2): / / E1
Fi+& 7& !im.late- 1aveform for Point #--ition in 8o-elsim&
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE)
ISSN: 2349-2163
Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 201)
http://ijirae.com
Fi+& ;& !im.late- 1aveform for Point m.ltiplication in 8o-elsim
,. (ynthesis .es'lts
0"e point m.ltiplication 1it" interleave- m.ltiplier an- 8ont+omer* m.ltiplier is s*nt"esi5e- .sin+ <ilin2
I!E 1&2 an- t"e Device .tili5ation s.mmar* for Point m.ltiplication is -ispla*e-&
Fi+&6& Device .tili5ation s.mmar* for point m.ltiplication .sin+ Interleave- m.ltiplier
Fi+&L &Device .tili5ation s.mmar* for point m.ltiplication .sin+ 8ont+omer* m.ltiplier
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE)
ISSN: 2349-2163
Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 201)
http://ijirae.com

Fi+ M& Interleave- m.ltiplier Fi+&N 8on+omer* 8.ltiplier
Fi+ 1D& Point m.ltiplication -ela* o)taine- .sin+ interleave- m.ltiplier
Fi+ 11& Point m.ltiplication Dela* o)taine- 1it" 8ont+omer* m.ltiplier
C. Comparison of .es'lts
0#CLE I
CB8P#%I!BO BF PIBO0 8PL0IPLIC#0IBO #%E#/ PB=E%/ DEL#J

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8.ltiplier .se- O.m)er of slices Po1er (=) Dela* (ns)
Interleave- 2DMD D&7N 6&1N
8ont+omer* 2D17 D&M; ;&L6N
International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE)
ISSN: 2349-2163
Volume 1 Issue 6 (July 201)
http://ijirae.com
IV& CONC,USIONS
Propose- ECC Processor over GF(2^16) 1as sim.late- .sin+ 8o-elsim an- s*nt"esi5e- 1it" <ilin2 I!E 1&2&0"e
area/ po1er an- -ela* 1as estimate- &0"e comparison of point m.ltiplication .sin+ interleave- an- 8ont+omer*
m.ltiplier is ta).late-&
C-NO.,"D%+"NT
I o1e m* "eartfelt +ratit.-e to Go- almi+"t* for all t"e )lessin+s s"o1ere- on me -.rin+ t"is en-eavo.r& I ta,e t"is
opport.nit* to s"o1 m* sincere t"an,s to1ar-s all 1"o "elpe- me to finis" t"is researc" 1or,&
%EFE%EOCE!
314Q Oovel #rc"itect.re for Efficient FPG# Implementation of Elliptic C.rve Cr*pto+rap"ic Processor Bver GF(2^16)Q )* Hossein
8a"-i5ae" an- 8asso.- 8a so.mi& 0EEE 1ransactions on 2ery 3arge (cale 0ntegration (ystems,vol&21 /no&12/Decem)er 2D1&
324=&!tallin+s/ Cr*pto+rap"* an- Oet1or, !ec.rit*/ 7
t"
E-&&/Prentice?Hall/2DD6&
34$&Rarvenin/8&0ommis,a/ an- R&!,*tta/Q# scala)le arc"itect.re for elliptic c.rve point
m.ltiplicationQICFP0/Cris)ane/#.stralia/2DD7&
3740&=ollin+er/ R&G..a(ar-o/ an- C&Paar/Q!ec.rit* on FPG#s>!tate?of?t"e Sart an- Lmplementations #ttac,s/Q#C8 0rans& Bn
Em)e--e- Comp.tin+ !*s&/()>;7?;L7/2DD7&
3;4%&C&C&C"e.n+/O&R 0elle/=&L.,/ an- P&J&$&C"e.n+/QC.stomi5a)le elliptic c.rve Cr*ptos*stemsQ IEEE 0rans&Ver* Lar+e !cale
Inte+r&(VL!I) !*st&Q&/ vol&1/no&N/pp&1D7M?1D;N/!ep&2DD;&
364=&O&C"elton an- 8&Cenaissa/QFast elliptic c.rve cr*pto+rap"* on FPG#/QIEEE 0rans&on Ver* Lar+e !cale Inte+ration
(VL!I)!*stems&Q Vol&16/no&2/Fe)&2DDM/pp&1NM?2D;&
3L4C&#nsari an- a&Hasan/QHi+"?Performance #rc"itect.re of Elliptic C.rve !calar m.ltiplicationQ/IEEE 0rans&on Comp&/Vol&;L/ Oo&
11/ pp&177?17;&/Oov&2DDM
3M4C&H&$im/!&$1on/ C&P&Hon+/QFPG# implementation of "i+" performance elliptic c.rvecr*pto+rap"ic processor over
GF(2^16)/QR&of !*s&#rc"itect.re/ ;7 (1D)(2DDM) MN?NDD&
3N4 R&Fan/ $& !a,i*ama/ an- I &Ver)an.1"e-e/Q 8ont+omer* mo-.lar m.ltiplication al+orit"m on m.lti?core s*stems/Q in Proc&IEEE
=or,s"op !i+nal Process&!*st&/!"an+"ai/C"ina/Bct&2DDL/pp& 261?266&
31D4'&C"en an- P&!c"a.mont /Q# parallel implementation of 8ont+omer* m.ltiplication on m.lticore
!*stems>#l+orit"m/anal*sis/an- protot*pe/QIEEE 0rans&Comp.t&/vol&6D/no&12/ pp&16N2?1LD/Dec&2D11&
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