Geometry Using Geometers

Sketchpad
A Capstone Project for the
M.Ed. Science and Math for Teachers Program
Uniersity of Char!eston
"ee!oped #y $onnie Ca!!egan
May %& '(()
This project *as dee!oped to proide techno!ogy+#ased actiities in the e,p!oration of
concepts of Geometry in accordance *ith the eighth grade So-th Caro!ina C-rric-!-m
Standards ./.$.)+0& ./.".)& ./.E.)& and ./.G.'. .t *as dee!oped as a capstone project
-nder the direction of "r. 1orma 1og-era.
This !esson re2-ires the -se of Geometers Sketchpad soft*are program. The program
is aai!a#!e in a sing!e ersion or as a site !icense thro-gh 3ey C-rric-!-m Press& ))%(
4%
th
Street& Emeryi!!e& CA. 564(7. .t is a!so aai!a#!e in a st-dent ersion at The
Co!!ege of Char!eston #ookstore.
. *o-!d !ike to thank "r. 1og-era for her he!p and g-idance d-ring the dee!opment of
this project.
Teachers may copy and -se any or a!! of the actiities in this project.
P!ease for*ard 2-estions and comments to $onnieCa!!egan8$erke!ey.k)'.sc.-s
Page '
Index
). 9#jecties:::::::::::::::::::::::::..:Page 6
'. /oca#-!ary ::::::::::::::::::::::::::Page %
0. $asic Geometric Shapes:::::::::::::::::::::.Page ;
6. <orm-!a Sheet::::::::::::::::::::::::....Page 7
%. Area = Perimeter >orksheet:::::::::::::::::.::Page 5
4. Geometers Sketchpad Start-p Screen .:::::::::::::::Page )(
;. $asic Commands.:::::::::::::::..::::..::.:.Page ))
7. Actiity )? .ntrod-ction to Geometers Sketchpad:::::::::..:Page )%
5. Actiity '? $asic Constr-ctions and Meas-rements:..::::::::..Page )7
)(. Actiity 0? @ef!ections and @otations:::::::::::::..:..Page '(
)). Actiity 6? .ndiid-a! Project:::::::::::::::::.:Page ''
Page 0
Objectives
Upon comp!etion of this -nit the st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to?
Mode!& identify& descri#e and compare t*o+dimensiona! geometric fig-res.
Ca!c-!ate area and perimeter of geometric fig-res.
Meas-re and compare sides and ang!es of po!ygons.
.nestigate the res-!ts of changing shapes.
Perform rotations of geometric fig-res.
Perform ref!ections of geometric fig-res.
Use techno!ogy AGSPB to constr-ct #asic geometric fig-res.
Use techno!ogy AGSPB to ca!c-!ate area and perimeter of geometric fig-res.
Use techno!ogy AGSPB to meas-re and compare sides and ang!es of po!ygons.
Use techno!ogy AGSPB to inestigate the res-!ts of changing shapes.
Use techno!ogy AGSPB to perform rotations of geometric fig-res.
Use techno!ogy AGSPB to perform ref!ections of geometric fig-res.
Page 6
Vocabulary
The oca#-!ary !ist is -sed as an introd-ction to the Geometry -nit. Most of these terms
sho-!d #e fami!iar #y the eighth grade. Therefore& this !ist *i!! sere as a reie* of
common Geometric terms.
). Polygon? A c!osed p!ane fig-re in *hich no t*o segments *ith a common endpoint
are co!!inear and segments intersect on!y at the endpoints.
'. Circle? The set of a!! points the same distance from a gien point ca!!ed the center.
0. Triangle? A po!ygon *ith three sides.
6. Equilateral Triangle? A triang!e in *hich a!! sides hae e2-a! meas-re.
%. Isosceles Triangle? A triang!e in *hich at !east ' sides hae e2-a! meas-re.
4. Scalene Triangle? A triang!e in *hich no sides hae e2-a! meas-re.
;. Right Triangle? A triang!e *ith one right A5(B ang!e.
7. Quadrilateral? A po!ygon *ith fo-r sides.
5. Pentagon? A po!ygon *ith fie sides.
)(. exagon? A po!ygon *ith si, sides.
)). e!tagon? A po!ygon *ith seen sides.
)'. Octagon? A po!ygon *ith eight sides.
)0. "onagon? A po!ygon *ith nine sides.
)6. #ecagon? A po!ygon *ith ten sides.
)%. Parallelogra$? A 2-adri!atera! *ith t*o pairs of opposite sides para!!e!.
)4. Square? A para!!e!ogram *ith fo-r congr-ent sides and fo-r right A5(B ang!es.
);. Rectangle? A para!!e!ogram *ith fo-r right ang!es.
)7. Rho$bus? A para!!e!ogram *ith fo-r congr-ent sides.
)5. Tra!e%oid? A 2-adri!atera! *ith e,act!y one pair of para!!e! sides.
Page %
'(. &ine Seg$ent? Part of a !ine *ith t*o endpoints.
'). Regular Polygon? A po!ygon in *hich a!! sides and a!! ang!es hae e2-a! meas-re.
''. Re'lection I$age? A mirror image oer a !ine.
'0. Translation? A s!ide image of a fig-re.
'6. (rea? The amo-nt of s-rface inside a region.
'%. Peri$eter? The distance aro-nd a fig-re.
'4. Parallel &ines? Cines that !ie in the same p!ane that do not intersect.
Page 4
Square
Rectangle
Rhombus
Parallelogram
Equilateral Triangle Isosceles Triangle
Scalene Triangle
Right Triangle
Circle
Regular Hexagon
Regular Octagon
Trapezoid
Basic eometric Shapes
Page ;
a c
base !b"
h
S
S
a
c
b
B
radius
h
#ormula Sheet
$rea % &'( bh
Perimeter % a ) b ) c
$rea % S x S
Perimeter % *S
$rea % pi times radius squared
Circum+erence % pi times diameter
$rea % &'( h!b ) B"
Perimeter % a ) b ) c ) B
,
-
$rea % , x -
Perimeter % (, ) (-
Page 7
(rea ) Peri$eter *or+sheet
Using the form-!a sheet& ca!c-!ate the area and perimeter of the gien shapes.
). '.

* in.
/ cm.
/ cm.
0. 6.

0 +t.
/ +t.
/ cm.
1 cm.
* cm.
Page 5
The ,eo$eter-s S+etch!ad Startu! Screen
Prior to taking my st-dents to the comp-ter !a#& . demonstrated GSP sho*ing them the
too!s and #asic constr-ction of shapes. 9nce in the !a#& . a!!o*ed them time to play *ith
the program prior to #eginning the actiities.
Page )(
.asic Co$$ands
/0 "E* S1ETC
To get a c!ear screen?
Under <.CE& se!ect "e2 S+etch
Under E".T& Select (ll& then Clear
Use Control "
Try each of these methods.
30 4"#O or E#IT
To erase something yo- j-st did?
Se!ect 4ndo from the E".T men-
Use Control 5
Se!ect the o#ject yo- no !onger *ant and choose Cut from the E".T men-
Make 0 circ!es and try each method to erase them.
60 I,&I,TI",
To choose more than one o#ject& ho!d do*n the shift key as yo- se!ect the
items yo- *ant.
Using the A@@9> too!& ho!d do*n the mo-se #-tton and dra* a #o,
aro-nd the items yo- *ant.
Page ))
Make % points on yo-r screen. Digh!ight t*o of the points #y each method. To c!ear the
high!ight& c!ick any*here on the screen. To moe more than one thing at a time&
high!ight the items yo- *ant to moe and drag them to the ne* position.
70 #R(,,I",
Using the A@@9> too!& point to an o#ject on yo-r screen and ho!d do*n
the mo-se #-tton. Moe the pointer to *here yo- *ant the o#ject then
re!ease the mo-se #-tton.
80 I#I",
This is -sed *hen yo- dont *ant to de!ete something& #-t yo- dont *ant it to sho* on
yo-r screen. AS-ch as a mirror !ine.B
Se!ect the item yo- *ant to hide #y high!ighting it. Se!ect hide from the
".SPCAE men-.
Use FControl G
Make ' circ!es on yo-r screen. Digh!ight one of the circ!es and hide it -sing each
method.
90 &(.E&I", :RE&(.E&I",
GSP gies yo- the option of !a#e!ing eerything or choosing *hat yo- *ant !a#e!ed.
Se!ect label o!tions from the ".SPCAE men-. .f yo- *ant GSP to !a#e!
for yo-& p!ace a check in the FA-tosho* !a#e!sG #o,. .f yo- *ant to !a#e!
on!y certain items& !eae this #o, empty. ASee screen on ne,t pageB
Page )'
(utosho2 &abeling O!tion
To !a#e! an item?
Using the mo-se se!ect the CA$EC too!. "rag the hand to the item to #e
!a#e!ed. C!ick once *ith yo-r mo-se. GSP *i!! a-tomatica!!y assign a
!a#e!.
"ra* seera! circ!es on yo-r screen. Use the !a#e! too! to !a#e! the circ!es and their
centers.
Page )0
To re+!a#e! an item?
Using the mo-se se!ect the CA$EC too!. "rag the hand to the !a#e! and
do-#!e c!ick the mo-se. A re+!a#e! te,t#o, *i!! appear. Eo- *i!! type in
the te,t#o, yo-r ne* !a#e! and c!ick 93.
To moe a !a#e!?
Using the mo-se se!ect the CA$EC too!. C!ick and ho!d the !a#e! yo-
*ant to moe and drag it to the ne* !ocation.
To de!ete a !a#e!?
Using the mo-se se!ect the CA$EC too!. "rag the hand to the item yo-
*ant the !a#e! remoed from. C!ick once *ith yo-r mo-se on the item
Acirc!eB. GSP *i!! remoe the !a#e!.
Try re+!a#e!ing& moing& and de!eting the !a#e!s on yo-r circ!es and centers.
Page )6
(ctivity /
This actiity is designed to fami!iariHe st-dents *ith the Geometers Sketchpad soft*are
program.
9#jecties? ). The st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to constr-ct #asic geometric shapes -sing GSP.
'. The st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to manip-!ate and dra* -sing GSP.
0. The st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to meas-re #asic geometric shapes -sing GSP.
As GSP starts& yo- *i!! #e on the #asic sketch !ayo-t. 9n the !eft ertica! yo- sho-!d see
si, s2-ares *ith sym#o!s in them. These are yo-r too!s. >ork thro-gh the fo!!o*ing
steps to #ecome fami!iar *ith each too! and its -se.
The A@@9> too!
To choose the arro* too!& moe the mo-se oer the arro* and c!ick once.
1o* press and ho!d the mo-se #-tton. Eo- sho-!d see three other s2-ares. The first
arro* is the most often -sed. The other t*o are -sed in trans!ations.
The P9.1T too!
Se!ect the point too! #y moing the mo-se oer the point and c!ick once.
1o* c!ick on the screen and a point sho-!d appear at each c!ick.
The C.@CCE too!.
Se!ect the circ!e too! #y moing the mo-se oer the circ!e and c!ick once.
Page )%
To dra* a circ!e& moe the arro* to the screen then press the mo-se #-tton and ho!d it
do*n *hi!e moing the mo-se. The circ!e *i!! get !arger and sma!!er *hen yo- moe the
mo-se *hi!e ho!ding the #-tton do*n.
The SEGME1T too!
Se!ect the segment too! #y moing the mo-se oer the segment and c!ick once.
The segment too! is -sed to dra* !ines& rays& and segments. >hen yo- ho!d the mo-se
#-tton do*n on the segment too! yo- sho-!d see three s2-ares. These s2-ares represent
*hat yo- can do *ith the segment too!. "ra* each of these.
The CA$EC.1G too!
Se!ect the !a#e!ing too! #y moing the mo-se oer the hand and c!ick once.
C!ick on yo-r circ!e. GSP *i!! !a#e! the circ!e. C!ick on a point and segment& GSP *i!!
!a#e! each of the o#jects.
The !a#e!ing too! can a!so #e -sed to create a te,t#o, for *riting. C!ick and ho!d the
mo-se #-tton& then drag it. A te,t#o, sho-!d appear. Try typing something in the #o,.
The DECP too!
The he!p too! *i!! te!! yo- *hat something is. Try se!ecting it and then c!ick on an item
on the screen.
Page )4
Choose the A@@9> too! and moe it onto the sketch. Moe it c!ose to the circ!e -nti!
yo- see the arro* t-rn horiHonta!. Do!d the mo-se #-tton do*n and moe the mo-se
aro-nd the *indo*. Eo- sho-!d #e moing the circ!e.
Moe the arro* to the center of the circ!e. Again& *hen the arro* is horiHonta!& ho!d
do*n the mo-se #-tton and moe the mo-se. Eo- sho-!d #e making the circ!e #igger or
sma!!er.
Page );
Actiity '
This actiity is designed to fami!iariHe st-dents *ith the #asic constr-ction of geometric
shapes and to ca!c-!ate meas-rements& area& and perimeter of the shapes.

9#jecties? ). The st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to constr-ct #asic geometric shapes -sing GSP.
'. The st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to meas-re #asic geometric shapes -sing GSP.
Constr-ct t*o points -sing the point too!.
Constr-ct a segment joining them. ASe!ect one point& ho!d do*n the shift key& and se!ect
the other point. Under the C91ST@UCT men-& se!ect seg$ent.B
Point at the segment *ith the !a#e! too! and c!ick once. >hi!e the segment is sti!!
se!ected& se!ect length from the MEASU@E men-.
Point at one of the endpoints of the segment -sing the arro* too!. C!ick and ho!d the
mo-se and drag the endpoint to resiHe yo-r segment to % inches !ong. A.f the
meas-rements are in cm.& se!ect !re'erences from the ".SPCAE men- and change the
-nits to inches.B 1o* change the segment !ength to ) inch.
Constr-ct a circ!e -sing the circ!e too!.
Using the arro* too! se!ect the center point and the point on the circ!e and constr-ct a
segment joining them.
>hi!e the segment is sti!! se!ected& se!ect length from the MEASU@E men-.
Page )7
Using the !a#e! too!& moe the hand to the meas-rement ca!c-!ation in the -pper !eft
corner of the screen. "o-#!e c!ick on thisI a te,t#o, *i!! appear. Se!ect text 'or$at&
then re+name the meas-rement Fradi-sG.
Using the arro* too! se!ect the circ!e. Se!ect area from the MEASU@EME1T men-.
>hi!e the circ!e is sti!! se!ected& se!ect circu$'erence from the meas-rement men-.
Using the arro* too!& ho!d and drag one of the points on the circ!eI *atch *hat happens
to the area and circ-mference as yo- change the radi-s.
Using the point too! c!ick three points onto yo-r screen.
Using the arro* too!& se!ect t*o points and constr-ct a segment #et*een them. 1o*
constr-ct segments #et*een the remaining points.
Using the !a#e! too!& !a#e! the ertices of the triang!e& a&#&c.
Using the arro* too!& se!ect the segments then se!ect length from the MEASU@E men-.
Using the arro* too!& se!ect the ertices then se!ect !olygon interior from the
C91ST@UCT men-. >hi!e the interior is sti!! se!ected& se!ect area and !eri$eter from
the MEASU@EME1T men-.
Using the arro* too!& ho!d and drag one of the erticesI *atch *hat happens to the area
and perimeter as yo- change the triang!e.
Using the arro* too!& se!ect the ertices then se!ect angle from the MEASU@EMME1T
men-.
Using the arro* too!& ho!d and drag one of the erticesI *atch *hat happens to the ang!e
meas-rements as yo- change the triang!e.
Page )5
Actiity 0
This actiity is designed to fami!iariHe st-dents *ith -sing rotation to constr-ct reg-!ar
po!ygons and -sing ref!ection.

9#jecties? ). The st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to constr-ct reg-!ar po!ygons -sing rotation.
'. The st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to constr-ct a ref!ection.
Do* to create a reg-!ar he,agon.
Using the segment too!& constr-ct a segment.
Using the arro* too!& se!ect one endpoint. >hi!e the endpoint is se!ected& se!ect $ar+
center from the T@A1S<9@M men-.
Using the arro* too!& se!ect the #oth endpoints and the !ine segment. >hi!e they are
se!ected& se!ect rotate from the T@A1S<9@M men-. A rotation #o, *i!! appear& type in
)'( and then 93.
1o*& do-#!e c!ick on the ne* endpoint. AEo- sho-!d see the point #!ink at yo-.B
>ith the segment and endpoints sti!! se!ected& se!ect rotate from the T@A1S<9@M
men-. Contin-e -nti! the he,agon is comp!ete.
Do* to create a reg-!ar octagon.
<o!!o* the same directions for constr-cting a reg-!ar he,agon e,cept the ang!e meas-re
*i!! #e )0%.
Page '(
Do* to ref!ect a geometric fig-re.
Using the segment too!& constr-ct a !ine segment. AThis segment *i!! #e yo-r mirror
!ine.B
>hi!e the segment is se!ected& se!ect $ar+ $irror from the Transform men-. AThe
segment sho-!d #!ink at yo-.B
Using the arro* too! se!ect the itemAsB yo- *ant to ref!ect& then se!ect re'lect from the
T@A1S<9@M men-.
Eo- may hide yo-r mirror !ine if yo- do not *ant it in yo-r sketch. <o!!o* the #asic
command for hiding an o#ject.
Page ')
Actiity 6? .ndiid-a! project.
This actiity is designed to ea!-ate the st-dents -nderstanding of Geometry -sing GSP.
9#jecties? ). The st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to constr-ct #asic geometric shapes -sing GSP.
'. The st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to meas-re #asic geometric shapes -sing GSP.
::.0. The st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to constr-ct reg-!ar po!ygons -sing rotation.
6. The st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to constr-ct a ref!ection.
%. The st-dent *i!! #e a#!e to co!or -sing GSP.
Create a dra*ing -sing GSP.
). The dra*ing m-st inc!-de the fo!!o*ing shapes?
a. e2-i!atera! triang!e
#. sca!ene triang!e
c. isosce!es triang!e
d. right triang!e
e. reg-!ar he,agonA-sing rotationB
f. reg-!ar octagonA-sing rotationB
g. s2-areA-sing rotationB
h. rectang!e
i. para!!e!ogramAother than a s2-are or rectang!eB
j. circ!e
k. !ine segment
!. pentagon
Page ''
'. The dra*ing m-st inc!-de a ref!ection. P!ease !a#e! the ref!ection& Fref!ectionG
0. The dra*ing m-st #e !a#e!ed. Use a&#&c& etc. as in J).
6. The dra*ing m-st #e co!orf-!. Co!or -sing GSP.
$e creatie and hae f-nKK
Grading @-#ric for .ndiid-a! Project
). A!! shapes are represented. (+'% points
'. ShapeAsB *ere ref!ected. (+'% points
0. The dra*ing is !a#e!ed correct!y. (+'% points
6. The dra*ing is co!orf-!. (+'% points
Tota! Points LLLLLLLLLLL
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