Naqada culture

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Naqada culture
Female figure with bird traits. Naqada II period,
3500-3400 BC. Brooklyn Museum
Coordinates: 255700N 324400E
[1]
The Naqada culture is an
archaeological culture of Chalcolithic Predynastic Egypt (ca.
44003000 BC), named for the town of Naqada, Qena Governorate.
Its final phase, Naqada III is coterminous with the so-called
Protodynastic Period of Ancient Egypt (Early Bronze Age, 32003000
BC).
Chronology
William Flinders Petrie
The Naqada period was first divided by the British Egyptologist
William Flinders Petrie, who explored the site in 1894, into three
sub-periods:
Naqada I: Amratian (after the cemetery near El-Amrah)
Naqada II: Gerzean (after the cemetery near Gerzeh)
Naqada III: Semainean (after the cemetery near Es-Semaina)
Werner Kaiser
Petrie's chronology was superseded by that of Werner Kaiser in 1957. Kaiser's chronology began c. 4000 BC, but the
modern version begins slightly earlier, as follows:
Naqada I a-b-c (about 44003500 BC)
black-topped and painted pottery
trade with Nubia, Western Desert oases and Eastern Mediterranean
obsidian from Ethiopia
[2]
Naqada II a-b-c (about 35003200 BC)
this culture represented throughout Egypt
first marl pottery, and metalworking
Naqada III a-b-c (about 32003000 BC)
more elaborate grave goods
cylindrical jars
writing
Naqada culture
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Monuments and excavations
Predynastic Egyptians in the Naqada I period traded with Nubia to the south, the oases of the western desert to the
west, and the cultures of the eastern Mediterranean to the east. They also imported obsidian from Ethiopia to shape
blades and other objects from flakes.
[3]
Charcoal samples found in the tombs of Nekhen, which were dated to the
Naqada I and II periods, have been identified as cedar from Lebanon.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Naqada culture.
References
[1] http:/ / tools.wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Naqada_culture& params=25_57_00_N_32_44_00_E_type:landmark
[2] Barbara G. Aston, James A. Harrell, Ian Shaw (2000). Paul T. Nicholson and Ian Shaw editors. "Stone," in Ancient Egyptian Materials and
Technology, Cambridge, 5-77, pp. 46-47. Also note: Barbara G. Aston (1994). "Ancient Egyptian Stone Vessels," Studien zur Archologie
und Geschichte Altgyptens 5, Heidelberg, pp. 23-26. (See on-line posts: (http:/ / www. digitalegypt. ucl. ac. uk/ stone/ obsidian. html) and
(http:/ / www. digitalegypt. ucl. ac.uk/ foreignrelations/ obsidian. html).)
[3] Barbara G. Aston, James A. Harrell, Ian Shaw (2000). Paul T. Nicholson and Ian Shaw editors. "Stone," in Ancient Egyptian Materials and
Technology, Cambridge, 5-77, pp. 46-47. Also note: Barbara G. Aston (1994). "Ancient Egyptian Stone Vessels," Studien zur Archologie
und Geschichte Altgyptens 5, Heidelberg, pp. 23-26. See on-line posts: (http:/ / www. digitalegypt. ucl. ac. uk/ stone/ obsidian. html) and
(http:/ / www. digitalegypt. ucl. ac.uk/ foreignrelations/ obsidian. html).
Article Sources and Contributors
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Article Sources and Contributors
Naqada culture Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=619009112 Contributors: -1g, Alphathon, Bender235, Chronicler, Dbachmann, Magioladitis, PatHadley, Tassedethe,
Y-barton
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:WLA brooklynmuseum Terracotta female figure.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:WLA_brooklynmuseum_Terracotta_female_figure.jpg License: Creative
Commons Attribution 2.5 Contributors: Elitre, JMCC1, Neithsabes, Zolo
Image:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Commons-logo.svg License: logo Contributors: Anomie
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
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