I. Basics of Computers 1.1. Introduction What are computers? What they do? Why would you want to use one? How they evolved? What should you know before using them? Where they can be used? so on!
Yeah, so many questions in the mind of a lay man and, even, a novice! Thus, our Course is designed expertly for a beginner to manage an office on his own. Come on Lets Learn!
1.2. What are Computers? Computers are machines that perform tasks or calculations according to a set of instructions, or programs. The word computer is a derived from the term compute. A computer is electronic equipment, which is capable of creating solutions by performing complex processing of information without manual intervention and that too at a tremendous speed. Thus, the computer is a general purpose machine that processes data according to a set of instructions that are stored internally either temporarily or permanently. There are various definitions for a computer. It may be defined as above or as any of the following: A programmable machine that inputs, processes and outputs data. An electronic device that stores, retrieves and processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A machine that accepts input, processes it according to specified rules, and produces output. Thus the basic steps in computing are Input Process OR Processing Output Store and Retrieve
Now, you got an idea What the computers are! Isnt it? So, lets learn What they do? and Why you would want to use it? PROCESS INPUT OUTPUT STORE & RETRIEVE
Basics of Computers Job Oriented Computer Course Page 2 of 19 RamaKrishna Math, Hyderabad 1.3. What the computer does? Why we need it? After the evolution of computer, within a short span of time, the entire gamut of human life has changed at an overwhelming pace. Be it business, academic, defence strategy, budgeting, research, engineering, medicine or space exploration, computers have established themselves as an indispensable part. Computers play an important role in human lives. The primary purpose of using a computer is to make life easier. In the workplace, many people use computers to keep records, analyze data, do research, and manage projects. The growing popularity of computers has been turned into account by the Business World. In the Academics, the subject of computers is a mandatory part of many regular courses. In the field of Medicine, the history of each patient is stored by freeing the doctors from the burden of storing bundles of paper. At home, computers are useful for everyone. You can use computers to find information, store pictures and music, play games, and communicate with others. Note The computer commonly used in homes or offices is popularly referred to as a PC Personal Computer. A computer is connected to the Internet (a network that links computers around the world) for communicating others (email Electronic Mail), chatting to them (IM Instant Messaging), finding information (Searching), etc. In the employment arena also, computers have exercised their influence. The ability to work with computers is a necessary pre-requisite for most of the present job profiles.
1.4. How they are evolved? After EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), in 1946, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first generalpurpose electronic computer.
Physically, ENIAC was enormous, weighing more than 27,000 kilograms and filling a large room. To process data, ENIAC used about 18,000 vacuum tubes, each the size of light bulb. Vacuum Tube EDVAC ENIAC UNIVAC Personal Computer (PC) Job Oriented Computer Course Basics of Computers Rama Krishna Math, Hyderabad Page 3 of 19 1.5. What should we learn first? We may have considerable expertise only if we learn about the hardware and software. Computers work through an interaction of hardware and software.
1.5.1. Hardware The computer and all equipment attached to it are called the hardware. (or) The physical components of a computer constitute the hardware. Hardwarerefers to the parts of a computer that you can see and touch, including the case and everything inside it. The most important piece of hardware is a tiny rectangular chip inside your computer called the Microprocessor, which is in Central Processing Unit (CPU). Its the brain of the computer the part that translates instructions and performs calculations. Hardwareitems such as your monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, and other components, which are often called Hardware Devices or Peripherals. 1.5.2. Software A set of instructions that perform a particular task is called a Program or Software. (or) The instructions that tell the computer what to do are called software. Softwarerefers to the instructions, or programs, that tell the hardware what to do. For example, a Word Processing Program that you can use to write letters on the computer is a type of software. The Operating System (OS) like MS Windows is software that manages your computer and the devices connected to it. Later, we discuss about Hardware Parts and Software elaborately. Till now, you are gradually becoming familiar to the computer. Isnt it? So, lets see Where they are used and the Types of computers.
1.6. Where they are used? Already, we have seen the uses of a computer in section 1.3. Specifically mentioning, the computers are used in: - a) Home Purposes b) Office Automation c) Business Accounting d) Publishing Works (DTP) e) Schools and Colleges
and those are just a few of the applications. Microprocessor Chip (IC) Hardware (Parts) Software (Programs) DTP Desktop Publishing e.g. PageMaker, Photoshop, CorelDraw Basics of Computers Job Oriented Computer Course Page 4 of 19 RamaKrishna Math, Hyderabad UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply RAM Random Access Memory CPU Central Processing Unit 1.7. Hardware Parts Hardware is any part of the computer that you can physically touch, pick up, hold, move around the room etc. Examples of hardware include the monitor, mouse, hard disk, motherboard etc. The term HARDWARE refers to the physical components of a computer. The basic configuration of a computer includes Computer Case CPU (Mother Board & Pentium chip (IC)) Monitor Keyboard Mouse Printers Scanners Disk Drives: USB Drive, CD / DVD, Hard Drive Memory (RAM) Speakers UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)
(See in the picture each part in order given)
Before learning about the parts, we first get an idea about the basic steps in computing and the block diagram of the computer architecture.
The basic steps in computing are Input Process OR Processing Output Store and Retrieve
The simple Block diagram of Computer Architectureis
Hardware Parts PROCSS INPUT OUTPUT STORE & RETRIEVE
CPU INPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES (SSDs) ALU CU MMU Job Oriented Computer Course Basics of Computers Rama Krishna Math, Hyderabad Page 5 of 19 1.8. Input Devices The Input Devices are the Devices that input information in the Computer.
Examples Key Board and Mouse Digital Camera Touch Pad Joystick
You don't need in-depth knowledge of each input device but you do need to recognize, which would be the most suitable for specific types of data. Keyboard and Mouse Touch Pad Joystick Digital Camera
Scanner Touch Screen Graphics Tablet Microphone Light Pen Bar Code Cheque Number Bank Sort-Code
Account Number MICR
OCR Optical Character Recognition OMR Optical Mark Reader BCR Bar Code Reader / Recognition MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition Bar Code Reader / Scanner Basics of Computers Job Oriented Computer Course Page 6 of 19 RamaKrishna Math, Hyderabad 1.8.1. Mouse A mouse is a small device used to point to and select items on your computer screen. A mouse usually has two buttons: a LEFT button (usually the primary button), and a RIGHT button (the secondary button) and a SCROLL button for some mice. Many mice also have a wheel, called a SCROLL button, between the two buttons which enables smooth scrolling. When you move the mouse with your hand, a POINTER on your screen moves in the same direction. When you want to select an item, you point to the item and then click (press and release) the left button. 1.8.2. Keyboard A keyboard is used for typing the text. Apart from letters and numbers, it has some special keys too. The top row contains the 'function keys' (F1 to F12) for different functions. On the right side of the keyboard, we see the 'Numeric Keypad ', which is used to enter numbers quickly. Arrow keys known as the 'Navigation Keys' allows easy navigation through the page.
1.9. CPU The Central Processing Unit (CPU) of the Computer does all the processing. The central processing unit or the microprocessor is the core of the computer. It has the electronic circuitry to process the input data to get the required information. It is the processor which executes the instructions. Another component known as 'Random Access Memory' (RAM) resides inside this unit and it stores the data that the CPU uses for processing. But this memory is volatile, which means that the data will be erased once the computer is switched off. It consists of mainly three parts: a. ALU- Arithmetic Logic Unit b. CU - Control Unit c. MMU -Main Memory Unit - ROM - RAM - Cache Memory Numeric Keypad (NUM Pad) Spacebar ENTER (Return) Key Insert, Delete (DEL), Home, End, Page Up, Page Down Keys Arrow Keys (Left, Right, Up, Down) ESCape TAB CAPSLOCK PrntScrn, Scroll Lock, Pause/Break Keys Numbers Alphabet ALT, WINKEY (), Right Click Key, and CTRL SHIFT Multimedia / Internet Keys Function Keys (F1 F12) SHIFT Key CTRL Key WINKEY () Key ALT Key LEFT Button Click Double Click Drag RIGHT Button Right Click (We get Alternate or Context or SHORTCUT Menu) SCROLL Button To Scroll Mouse Pointer C CU UR RS SO OR R CPU RAM Random Access Memory ROM Read Only Memory Job Oriented Computer Course Basics of Computers Rama Krishna Math, Hyderabad Page 7 of 19 1.10. Output Devices The Output Devices are the Devices that output the information from the Computer. Examples Monitor (VDU)s CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) LCD (Liquid Crystalline Display) TFT (Thin Film Transistor)
1.10.1. Monitor A monitor displays the information for the user to view them. The information could be in text or graphical form. The area in which the information is displayed is called the screen. The picture on a monitor is made up of thousands of tiny coloured dots called pixels. There are basically two types of monitors viz., CRT Monitors and LCD Monitors. The LCD monitors are being widely used these days.
1.10.2. Printers Printers are another common output device. They are used to create a 'hard' copy of your work i.e. something that you can hold, hand to someone else or file away. Most printers produce their output on paper. There are three main types of printers: Laser printers Inkjet printers Dot Matrix (impact) printers VDU Visual Display Unit CRT Monitor LCD Monitor TFT Monitor Monitor LCD Projector Speech Synthesizer Speakers Plotter Bubble Jet Printer DMP LASER Printer Basics of Computers Job Oriented Computer Course Page 8 of 19 RamaKrishna Math, Hyderabad Laser Printer Inkjet Printers Dot Matrix Printers 1. Non-Impact Printers Non-Impact Printers Impact Printers 2. Faster printing Relatively faster than DMP but slower than Laser Slower relatively 3. High Quality Medium Quality Poor Quality 4. Use Powered Ink, called TONER Cartridges contain INK, both colour and black and white Print Head containing grid of PINS and Carbon Ribbon 5. Colour version and also Black and White version available Colour version and also Black and White version available Only Single Colour 6. Cost is Expensive Cost is Cheap Cost is Moderate 7. Print Cost is Moderate Print Cost is Expensive Print Cost is Cheap 1.10.3. Plotter Plotters are a specialist type of printer, which is able to draw high quality images on very large pieces of paper, for example 3 foot wide by 10 foot long. They are used by engineers, architects and map-makers to draw plans of buildings, diagrams of machines or large scale maps. A plotter differs from a printer in that it draws images using a pen. There are plotters now which are 'pen-less' and are used for creating high density drawings. There are four types of Plotters: Drum Plotter Micrographic Plotter Flatbed Plotter Inkjet Plotter 1.10.4. Speakers Most computers are fitted with a small internal speaker which can produce beeping sounds to alert you if you make an error. Computers can also be fitted with a sound card (or chip) which will enable sound to be output through external speakers. These usually produce a much higher quality sound than the internal speaker. 1.10.5. LCD Projector An LCD Projector takes the input from a computer and shows it on a large screen. It is commonly used in organizations for displaying PowerPoint presentation during meetings.
Hardware Table Recollect all the Hardware Parts once again. See the table below: -
Input devices CPU box Output devices Memory devices / drives Keyboard Mouse Scanner (OCR) Microphone Joystick OMR BCR MICR Smart Card Cards: Motherboard, VGA, AGP, Sound, LAN Cords: Mains, Printer, Monitor SMPS Buses (cables) Ports: Serial, USB, Parallel, LPT Sockets IC (chips): Processor, ROM Transistors Capacitors Diodes Resistors Monitor: CRT, LCD, TFT Printer: DMP, Laser, Inkjet, Bubble Jet Speaker Plotter: Flatbed, Drum LCD Projector Speech Synthesizer Hard disk drive Floppy disk drive CD / DVD drive Tapes Flash Memory (Pen drive, Memory Card)
Note Input / Output devices are also called as Peripherals Job Oriented Computer Course Basics of Computers Rama Krishna Math, Hyderabad Page 9 of 19 1.11. Generations of Computers First generation computers, starting with the UNIVAC (UNIVersal Automatic Computer) in 1951, used vacuum tubes, and their memories were made of thin tubes of liquid mercury and magnetic drums. Second generation systems, in the late 1950s, replaced tubes with transistors and used magnetic cores for memories. Size was reduced and reliability was significantly improved. Third generation computers, beginning in the mid 1960s, used the first Integrated Circuits (IC) and the first Operating Systems (OS), and Database Management Systems (DBMS). Fourth generation computers, starting in the mid 1970s, are made entirely of chips. The microprocessor and personal computer are spawned. Even with the millions of people using computers every day, we are still in the fourth generation.
The fifth generation implies faster hardware and more sophisticated software that uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) routinely. You will be in the fifth generation, perhaps in the 20152020 time frames. 1.12. Software After learning What the Hardware parts are! We start knowing about the next most important part of the Computers i.e. What is Software? and What are its types? Come on Lets Learn! Before that, we would know about Languages, Instructions, Programs
1.12.1. Language A Computer Language is a medium for communication between the user and the hardware, so as to make computer work as per the given instructions 1.12.2. Types of Languages: Machine language The Machine Language is in 0s and 1s i.e. binary digits. e.g.: ASCII Code for A is 65. Its equivalent binary code is 01100101 It is Machine understandable language. This is also called Low level language. This is the first generation language. 011011011 000110000 (Machine Language) Assembly language The Assembly language is written using Mnemonics, which are hexadecimal codes for the characters and instructions (called as Hex codes). e.g.: For the instruction ADD 5, 2 Assembly language code is E9 5, 2 (say E9 is Mnemonic/Hex Code for ADD) Super Computer PDA Laptop Second Generation Computer ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange It is code for denoting a character in bytes. Basics of Computers Job Oriented Computer Course Page 10 of 19 RamaKrishna Math, Hyderabad This is also called Middle level language. This is the second generation language. The Assembly language code should be translated in to Machine Language. That translator software is called as an ASSEMBLER.
High level language The High level language is written using English-like words. e.g.: Add 2, 5 This is also called User language. This is the third generation language. The High level language code should be translated in to Machine Language. There are two types of Translators for translating High Level Language. They are Compilers and Interpreters.
Examples of High level languages ADA, FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL, PASCAL, C, DBMS FORTRAN Formula Translation BASIC Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction code COBOL Common Business Oriented Language DBMS Data Base Management System e.g.: dBase III+, dBase IV, FoxBASE Forth generation languages (4GLs) OOP Object Oriented Programming e.g.: C++, Java RDBMS Relational Data Base Management System e.g.: FoxPro, Sybase, Oracle, Ingress, MS Access Fifth and Sixth generation language AI Artificial Intelligence e.g. Robotics OBDBMS Object Oriented Relational Data Base Management System e.g. Oracle, java, .NET, etc.
1.12.3. Instruction A Instruction is a command given to a computer to make it process as per the given command
1.12.4. Program A Computer Program is a sequence / set of commands or instructions given to a computer Those commands must be written in an order.
H Hi ig gh h L Le ev ve el l L La an ng gu ua ag ge e M Ma ac ch hi in ne e L La an ng gu ua ag ge e C Co om mp pi il le er r I In nt te er rp pr re et te er r or A As ss se em mb bl ly y L La an ng gu ua ag ge e M Ma ac ch hi in ne e L La an ng gu ua ag ge e A As ss se em mb bl le er r Job Oriented Computer Course Basics of Computers Rama Krishna Math, Hyderabad Page 11 of 19 1.13. Types of Computers In the section 1.5, you learned the meaning of terms like 'hardware' and 'software'. This next section will introduce you to the different types of computer available today.
Handheld Computer
Tablet PC
Server System
Various Types of Computers Super Computer Mainframe Server Personal Computer Laptop PDA Basics of Computers Job Oriented Computer Course Page 12 of 19 RamaKrishna Math, Hyderabad 1.14. Software Software is a set of programs related to a particular job / task 1.14.1. Types of Software Software
System Application Software Software System Software The System Software is the software (programs) required for the overall maintenance of the whole computer system and its parts (i.e. hardware), as well as the application software. e.g.: Types of System Software e.g. Operating system (OS) MS Windows, DOS, OS/2, etc. BIOS (Basic Input Output system) Utilities (Utility Programs) Win Zip, Defragmentation, etc. Drivers Audio, Motherboard, LAN, etc.
DLLs (Dynamic Link Libraries) Application software The Application software are the software required for the user purposes like office purpose, publishing purpose, hospitals, banking, traffic control, reservations, payroll, games, entertainment, communication, etc. Application software can be classified as General purpose Specialist Tailor-made
1.15. Operating System (OS) An Operating System is a set of specialized programs, which is used for the overall performance of not only the CPU and its parts but also the whole computer system and maintenance of the application software. e.g.: MS DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) Unix MS Windows Linux Mac OS The operating system is needed to control everything happening in your computer. It controls the memory, the disks, the peripherals and the application software. . Without the operating system your computer would just sit there doing nothing . Application Software Job Oriented Computer Course Basics of Computers Rama Krishna Math, Hyderabad Page 13 of 19
Here are some of the tasks that an operating system performs:
Here are a few of the other tasks: Sorting out where to store data on disk drives Dealing with security - user names and passwords Organising files and folders Managing data transfer from the CPU to the peripherals e.g. printer, monitor Deals with saving, deleting, opening, closing files
1.15.1. Types of Operating System Single User / Single program OS: Only one User and one Program at a time e.g.: MS DOS Multi User Operating System: No. of Users at a time and one Server e.g.: Unix Multi program Operating System: No. of Users and No. of Programs at a time e.g.: MS Windows CUI Operating System In this operating system, we have to type the characters for the commands e.g.: MS DOS Unix Part of Linux GUI Operating System In this OS, all the commands are seen as small pictures called graphics e.g.: MS Windows OS / 2 Part of Linux
User Appl. S/w OS H/w CUI Character User Interface GUI Graphical User Interface The Operating System acts as an INTERFACE between the user and the hardware. Tasks performed by an Operating System (OS) Basics of Computers Job Oriented Computer Course Page 14 of 19 RamaKrishna Math, Hyderabad 1.16. Memory Devices It is vital that you have a way of saving the document that you are currently working on. It is also vital that you can save software applications that you use on your computer. This section will introduce you to the different types of memory and storage devices. The data is stored in the storage devices which are called Memory. Memory
Primary Secondary
ROM RAM e.g.: Floppy Disk (Read Only (Random Hard disk Memory) Access CD (Compact Disk) Memory) DVD (Digital Video Disk) Cache Memory Flash Memory (Pen Drive, Memory Card) 1.16.1. System Memory (ROM) ROM is a special kind of memory which stores the instructions which the computer uses when it 'boots up' - the BI OS (Basic Input Output System). It allows the computer to check the type of hard disk installed, the amount of RAM installed, the type of CPU being used, etc. Because the data is 'read only', it can be read but not changed by the user. The key thing to remember about ROM is that the data is not erased when the computer is switched off the data is stored permanently, so it is called 'non volatile memory' The types of ROM are: PROM Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory UVPROM Ultraviolet Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 1.16.2. Short Term Memory (RAM) RAM is a kind of primary memory which can be read from or written to by a computer or other devices. Information stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off. This is because RAM is called as 'temporary memory' or 'volatile memory'. Most computers are typically sold with 512 MB - 4 GB of RAM installed. The types of RAM are: SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory DDR Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory The data in the RAM is lost may be when: The computer is crashed Accidentally the computer is switched off OR Power Supply is cut When you rebooted and logged back in, your work was gone forever. SO BE CAREFUL! SAVE YOUR WORK FREQUENTLY! Read Only Memory (ROM) Random Access Memory (RAM) Job Oriented Computer Course Basics of Computers Rama Krishna Math, Hyderabad Page 15 of 19 When you are working with any one or more application software*, their modules are temporarily stored in RAM while they are processed by the CPU. One of the factors that CPUs performance and speed are high is the capacity of RAM. That is, . the more the capacity of RAM, the higher is the performance of the CPU .
The External or Secondary Storage Devices (SSDs) are
Blu-ray Disc (BD)
Storage Device Comparison Storage Device Size / Capacity Comparison Speed of access to data Cost per Gigabyte of storage RAM and ROM 512 MB 2 GB Fastest Very Fast Floppy Disk 1.44 MB (smallest capacity) Faster Expensive Zip Disk 100 MB Faster Cheaper CD 650 MB 700 MB Faster Cheaper Flash memory 1 GB 32 GB Faster Cheaper DVD 4.7 GB Faster Cheaper Magnetic Tape Over 100 GB Slowest Cheapest Hard Disk Around 120 GB 1 Terabyte (TB) (largest capacity) More Faster Cheapest Blu-ray Disc 25 GB 128 GB Faster Expensive
Storage Capacity Units 1 Bit (b) 0 or 1 1 Byte (B) 8 bits 1Kilo Byte (KB) 1024 Bytes 2 10 Bytes 1 Mega Byte (MB) 1024 Kilo Bytes 1024 x 1024 Bytes (2 10 Bytes) 1 Giga Byte (GB) 1024 Mega Bytes 1024 x 1024 x 1024 Bytes (2 30 Bytes) 1 Tera Byte (TB) 1024 Giga Bytes 1 MB x 1 MB (2 40 Bytes) * We learn Application Software in later sessions. Hard Disk Floppy Disk Flash Memory (Pen Drive / Memory Stick) Compact Disk (CD) Digital Versatile / Video Disk(DVD) Basics of Computers Job Oriented Computer Course Page 16 of 19 RamaKrishna Math, Hyderabad Wide Area Network (WAN)
1.16.3. What is a network? A Computer Network is formed by joining computers together, and it allows computers or users to transfer files, to share software and data and share one printer.
1.16.4. Types of Networks Local Area Network (LAN) When the computers are fairly close to one another, say, in a single office or two buildings that are separated by a road, they can be joined together either by cables or wireless means. These computers then form a Local Area Network (LAN). Once the computers are connected together into a LAN, many people (users) can share and use the same resources at the same time. They can share files, software, hard disks and peripherals such as a printer or CD-ROM. Users can also use the LAN to communicate with each other by e-mail. Data can be transmitted very quickly between networked computers. To log onto a LAN, you usually need a user name and password.
Wide Area Network (WAN) By linking LANs together, the network is no longer local to one building, it is now spread over a wide area. It is known as a Wide Area Network (WAN). So basically a WAN is where individual computers or LANs which are a long distance apart from each other are connected together. Many modern companies have offices, shops or factories in various locations around the country, and for large corporations, across the world. Even though staff works in different places, they often need to be able to access the same information no matter where they are. They generally will not share hardware or software, unlike a LAN. Do you know! . The largest WAN in existence is the Internet . The user name identifies you to the file server so that it can 'serve' you the correct files. The password ensures that the user name really does belong to you. Networks Job Oriented Computer Course Basics of Computers Rama Krishna Math, Hyderabad Page 17 of 19 Most computers which connect to a Wide Area Network use the telephone system (although there are other methods such as satellites, fibre optic cables and radio waves). Internet The internet is a global network made up of millions upon millions of computers connected together.
I f the I nternet is the container, then WWW is an item within the container. 1.16.5. Intranet An Intranet is like a private version of the Internet which operates on a LAN.
1.16.6. Extranet An extranet is where parts of a Company Intranet are made accessible to selected people. These might include key customers, suppliers, business partners or parents. 1.17. Viruses A Computer Virus is a malicious software program designed to copy itself repeatedly and attach itself to other computer programs. Viruses don't damage your computer as many people believe. What they can do is damage, corrupt, delete your files or perhaps send them to other people without your knowledge. Viruses can be spread by: opening attachments in emails files stored on removable media such as floppy disks, USB sticks downloading free software from the internet clicking on certain pop-ups on web pages There are many different types of virus nowadays. If you have time, find out a little bit about 'Trojans and 'Worms'. Other types of virus: Trojan, Worm, Spyware, Adware 1.17.1. Hackers A hacker is a person who breaks codes and passwords to gain unauthorised entry to computer systems. Internet INTRANET EXTRANET Basics of Computers Job Oriented Computer Course Page 18 of 19 RamaKrishna Math, Hyderabad 1.17.2. Firewall A firewall is a program or a hardware device that can be used to help protect a network from hackers who might try to break in and gain access to your data. Internet Terminology ISP : ISP stands for 'Internet Service Provider'. An ISP is a company that provides Internet access.
Web Pages : A web page or webpage is a document or information resource that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser and displayed on a monitor. Web page is a method of viewing both text and pictures on the same page. Web pages are created using a special programming language called HyperText Markup Language or HTML for short. Web Browsers : A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. The basic function of a web browser is to allow you to view text, images, videos from web pages. There are a number of web browsers available. The most popular are Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Opera and Netscape.
Google is NOT a Web Browser; it is rather a Search Engine Web Site : A website, also written as Web site, web site, or simply site, is a collection of related web pages containing images, videos or other digital assets. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet. Browse/Surfing : Searching for Information on the internet or simply exploring the internet is commonly referred to Surfing or Browsing. URL : Abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator; it is the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. Blog : A blog (a blend of the term web log) is a type of website or part of a website supposed to be updated with new content from time to time. Search Engine : A Seach Engine is essentially a database program, which finds out information and catalogues all web pages on the Internet according to keywords, about a specific topic you enter into the search box provided.
Web Pages Mostly used Web Browsers Opera Safari Netscape Firefox Internet Explorer Job Oriented Computer Course Basics of Computers Rama Krishna Math, Hyderabad Page 19 of 19
For doubts if any contact the author: tmk.sir @ gmail.com