Paper 2

30 minutes



55 marks



Human Biology

1. If you were to touch a very hot object with your hand your nervous system would react very quickly. The
muscles in your arm would be stimulated to contract and your hand would be moved away.

By using the letters, put the following components of the nervous system in the order in which they would
be involved:

A. Relay neurone
B. Receptor
C. Sensory neurone
D. Motor neurone

2. When blood returns to the heart from the body it is then pumped through the
lungs to collect oxygen before being pumped back to the body. By using the
letters, re-arrange the following into the correct order beginning at the point the
blood returns from the body.

A. Right ventricle
B. Left Atrium
C. Left Ventricle
D. Right Atrium
E. Lungs

3. The photograph shows a chimpanzee in London Zoo. The eyes of a chimp work like human eyes. The
table below gives some names of the parts of a chimps eye and their functions but they have been mixed
up. Write the correct letter in the answer grid in each case.








For questions 4-13 indicate your answer by putting a tick in the appropriate box.

4. Your nervous system is also involved in ensuring your body temperature stays constant. What is the
normal body temperature of a human?

A. 27.5
o
C
B. 31.5
o
C
C. 37.0
o
C
D. 40.0
o
C
E. 47.0
o
C




Name of part Function
i. Pupil
A. Transparent tissue that produces mucus and tears

ii. Conjunctiva B. Coloured part of the front of the eye
iii. Optic nerve C. Changes shape to focus an image on the retina
iv. Lens D. Bundle of sensory neurones
v. Iris
E. Changes size to control the amount of light entering
the eye



5. Which of the following changes would take place in your body if your temperature increased above
normal?

i. sweating
ii. contraction of erector muscles attached to hairs in the skin
iii. shivering
iv. dilation of blood vessels in the skin

A. i and ii
B. i and iii
C. i and iv
D. ii and iii
E. ii and iv

6. Your stomach contains hydrochloric acid and has a pH of around 2. What is the function of this acid?

i. Neutralise your saliva when you swallow your food
ii. Kill microbes
iii. Emulsify fats
iv. Provide the optimum pH for stomach enzymes

A. i and ii
B. i and iii
C. i and iv
D. ii and iii
E. ii and iv

7. Which of the following is not something which can be caused by malnutrition?

A. Reduced resistance to infections
B. Cystic fibrosis
C. Girls having irregular periods
D. High cholesterol levels
E. Obesity

8. Astigmatism is a common problem in humans. What is it?

A. Birthmarks on the skin
B. A problem with urea formation by the liver
C. Absence of a stigma
D. Incorrect shape of the lens or cornea
E. Lack of pigment in the skin

9. Which drug that was effective in relieving morning sickness led to babies being born with severe limb
abnormalities?

A. Cannabis
B. Aspirin
C. Thalidomide
D. DDT
E. Aloe vera






10. Bile is a green substance which is stored in the gall bladder before being released into the small
intestine. What is bile made from?

A. Broken down plant cells
B. Broken down liver cells
C. Broken down bacteria
D. Broken down red blood cells

11. The three bones in your ear are commonly known as what?

A. Hammer, anvil and stirrup
B. Drum, saw and bridle
C. Mallet, drill and harness
D. Chisel, axe and saddle

12. Chlamydia is the most common preventable cause of infertility in women. Which of the following
statements is true?

A. It often has no symptoms
B. It can be contracted from drinking water
C. It does not respond to antibiotics
D. It affects only women

13. Which of the following vitamins can be made in the skin?

A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin E
E. Vitamin B

Plant Biology

For questions 1 8, indicate your answer by putting a tick in the appropriate box.

1. Which two of these structures are found in both plant cells and animal cells?

I Ribosomes
ii Cell wall
iii Chloroplast
iv Nucleus

A. i and ii
B. i and iii
C. i and iv
D. ii and iii

2. On a packet of wallflower seeds, it says they are biennial. What does this mean?
A. they flower twice a year
B. they flower for two years
C. they flower in their second year
D. they flower every year

3. Which of these parts of the flower produces pollen?
A. Anther
B. Carpel
C. Stigma
D. Ovary
4. The leaves of plants have many pores called stomata. Which of the following statements is false?
A. Stomata are involved in the absorption of gases from the atmosphere
B. Stomata are found on the upper surface of leaves so they can take in water
C. Water escapes from leaves through the stomata and they can be closed when conditions are dry
D. Stomata are too small to be seen with the naked eye
5. Each of these words can be used in association with plant reproduction. Which is the odd one out?
A. Pollination
B. Cuttings
C. Asexual
D. Cloning
6. Which of the following statements is true?
A. At night plants cannot photosynthesise and so all their cells become dormant
B. Plants produce oxygen 24 hours a day
C. At night plants change starch to sugar for respiration
D. During the day plants release carbon dioxide as a waste product of photosynthesis
7. Which of the following is a tap root?
A. Leek
B. Potato
C. Onion
D. Carrot
8. Some fresh potatoes were left in a bowl of salty water and others were left in a bowl of unsalted water.
They were then removed from their bowls and cooked. Which of the following predictions seems most
likely regarding the potatoes left in salty water compared to the others?

A. They will take longer to cook because water moved into them by osmosis
B. They will take less time to cook because water has moved out of them by osmosis
C. They will take less time to cook because they lost water by evaporation
D. They will be inedible because they will absorb the salt












Natural History

1. Identify this animal.

i. A group is known as a celebration
ii. The female is able to live without eating for 8 months each year
iii. It has an outer layer of fur made of transparent hairs
iv. It has black skin
v. Its a carnivore
For questions 2 10, indicate your answer by putting a tick in the appropriate box

2. Hedgehogs are lactose-intolerant which means that if they eat certain types of food they suffer
problems with their digestive system. What type of food is therefore likely to cause problems for a
hedgehog?
A. Dairy products
B. Meat and fish
C. Vegetables
D. Fruit
3. Which row in the table below correctly identifies the young of the four animals?
Housefly Butterfly Cranefly Hare
A leveret caterpillar leatherjacket nymph
B caterpillar leatherjacket nymph leveret
C maggot caterpillar leatherjacket leveret
D leatherjacket leveret maggot nymph

4. Which of the following ( A D) represents the correct order of size of the creatures listed, starting with
the smallest?.

i Honey bee
ii Dust mite
iii Aphid
iv Praying mantis

A iii, i, ii, iv
B i, iii, ii, iv
C ii, iii, i, iv
D iv, iii, ii, i

5. Which row in the table below correctly identifies the terms for groups of the four animals?













Vipers Crows Baboons Whales
A Pod Troop Murder Nest
B Nest Murder Troop Pod
C Murder Pod Nest Troop
D Troop Nest Pod Murder


6. Which of the following consists of a fungus and an alga living together as if they were one organism?
A. Yeast
B. Seaweed
C. Mushroom
D. Lichen
Questions 7-10 were kindly provided by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.
7. Which small bird of prey, well known for hunting dragonflies in flight and eating them on the wing, is
described as having red trousers?

A. Golden Eagle
B. Kestrel
C. Hobby
D. Osprey

8. On which continent would you find the large flightless bird called the Rhea?

1. Africa
2. South America
3. Europe
4. North America

9. To which family of birds do the Jay, Magpie and Jackdaw belong?

A. Crows
B. Finches
C. Gulls
D. Terns

10. The wolf, water, zebra and swamp are species of what sort of animal?

A. Wasp
B. Orchid
C. Beetle
D. Spider





Biology by numbers

i. How many chromosomes are there in the nucleus of a human brain cell?

ii. How many strands are there in a DNA molecule?

iii. How many kingdoms are there in the most commonly used classification system?

iv. How many bones are there in the adult human body?

v. How many canine teeth do human adults usually have?

vi. How many stomachs does a cow have?

vii. How many sperm must fertilise an egg if it is to go on to develop into identical twins?

viii. How many kidneys does a dog have?

ix. How many classes of vertebrates are there?

x. How many pairs of legs do insects have?

xi. How many bronchi are there in the human body?







Evolution and Genetics

Proteins are constructed from information contained in chromosomes. Chromosomes are made from a
molecule called DNA which in turn is made from smaller molecules. There are only four types of these
smaller molecules but thousands of them can be joined together in any order. The four types are
abbreviated to A, C, G and T.

The following table shows part of the genetic code. Each group of three letters in the DNA codes for an
amino acid in a protein.

DNA Amino acid
ACG Cysteine
ATG Tyrosine
GGC Proline
CAC Valine
CTC Glutamic acid
CAG Glutamine

The gene for a particular protein has the following DNA sequence: CAGCACCTCATGACGGGC

1. Write out the correct sequence of the order of the amino acids in this protein. Each amino acid in the
table above occurs only once.

2. DNA is copied when cells divide and sometimes a mistake is made. When this happens its called a
mutation. If an organism has a mutation it can mean that one of their proteins is different from normal.
For example, a change in the gene above could result in a protein with valine replaced by glutamic acid.
Write out the DNA sequence of this new gene using the letters C, A, G and T.

3. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Mutations always reduce the probability that an organism will survive and pass on its genes
B. Mutations always increase the probability that an organism will survive and pass on its genes
C. Some mutations increase the probability that an organism will survive and pass on its genes
D. Mutations dont make the slightest bit of difference to the survival of an organism

4. The words missing from the sentences below can all be found in the list below. Write the correct word
on the answer sheet in each case. (Clue: The first letters of the answers spell out the DNA sequences for
two of the amino acids described above.)

Clones, Genes, Tuberculosis, Attenborough, Alleles, Charles, Antibiotics, Asexual, Tetanus, Aspirin, Graham

i. The Blue Planet was presented by David
ii. is a disease of the lungs.
iii. A chromosome is made of many .............., each of which controls one characteristic.
iv. Individuals which are genetically identical to each other are known as ..
v. MRSA is a super bug and is a problem in hospitals because it is resistant to
vi. . Darwin wrote a book about evolution called On the Origin of Species.



End of questions




Biology Challenge Paper 2 Name . Score ..

School name. . School code ..

Human Biology

1. i. ....... ii. ....... iii. ........ iv. .......

2. i. ....... ii. ....... iii. ........ iv. ....... v. ........

3. i. ....... ii. ....... iii. ........ iv. ....... v. ........

A B C D E
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Plant Biology

A B C D
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Natural History

1. ...................................................

A B C D
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10


Biology by numbers

i. ...

ii. ...

iii. ...

iv. ...

v. ...

vi. ...

vii. ...

viii. ...

ix. ...

x. ...................

xi. ...................


Evolution and Genetics


1. i. .......... ii. .......... iii. .......... iv. ........... v. .......... vi. ..........


2.




A B C D
3

4.
i. ............................................
ii. ............................................
iii. ............................................
iv. ............................................
v. ............................................
vi. ............................................



Biology Challenge Paper 2 Mark scheme Maximum 55 marks
One mark for each correct answer unless otherwise indicated

Human Biology

1. i. B ii. C iii. A iv. D (all must be correct for one mark)

2. i. D ii. A iii. E iv. B v. C (all must be correct for one mark)

3. i. E ii. A iii. D iv. C v. B (one mark each correct answer)

A B C D E
4 /
5 /
6 /
7 /
8 /
9 /
10 /
11 /
12 /
13 /

Plant Biology

A B C D
1 /
2 /
3 /
4 /
5 /
6 /
7 /
8 /

Natural History

1. Polar Bear

A B C D
2 /
3 /
4 /
5 /
6 /
7 /
8 /
9 /
10 /

Biology by numbers

i. 46

ii. 2

iii. 5

iv. 206

v. 4

vi. 4

vii. 1

viii. 2

ix. 5

x. 3

xi. 2


Evolution and Genetics

1. i. Glutamine ii. Valine iii. Glutamic acid iv. Tyrosine v. Cysteine vi. Proline
(all must be correct for one mark)

2. One mark for changing A to T as below. One mark for correct answer.

* * * C T C * * * * * * * * * * * *


A B C D
3 /

4.
i. Attenborough
ii. Tuberculosis
iii. Genes
iv. Clones
v. Antibiotics
vi. Charles