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1. 1992/I/3b

(i) A man came out of the cinema as shown in the diagram on the opposite page. Describe how his eyes
would adapt to the bright daylight. Explain why this would be necessary. (4 marks)
(ii) After looking at his watch, the man tried to locate the bus stop at the end of the street. Describe and
explain the changes that occured in his eyes. (3 marks)
(iii) The man had an eye defect in which he was unable to see clearly the number painted on the sign post
of the bus stop. Draw a simple diagram to show the path of the light rays when his eye was focusing
on the number on the sign post. (2 marks)
(iv) The man tried to shield his eyes from the strong sunlight by putting his hand above his forehead as
shown in the diagram. Is this action reflex or voluntary ? (1 mark)

2. 1996/I/1c
A boy was standing by the roadside and saw a bus moving towards him. The photographs below show what
he saw when the bus was 10m and 5m away from him respectively:








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(i) (1) What kind of eye defect did the boy probable have ? (1 mark)
(2) State two features of the eyeball that might have caused this eye defect. (2 marks)
(ii) Draw a ray diagram to show the pathway of light entering the eye of the boy when he was looking at
the bus 10m away from him. (3 marks)
(iii) How could this eye defect be corrected ? (1 mark)
(iv) The boy had normal colour vision, but when it was getting dark, he found it difficult to distinguish
the colour of the cars on the road. Explain this briefly. (2 marks)

3. 1998/I/4a
The diagram below shows a boy, Bill, sitting for an examination in the school hall. Before the examination
started, Bill took off his glasses and relaxed.

(i) Bill looked at the clock on the wall. It was 9:00 a.m. Draw the image of the two hands of the clock
formed on the retina of his eye. (1 mark)
(ii) Describe how the image on the retina generates vision in the brain. (4 marks)
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(iii) After looking at the clock, Bill turned to his watch to check the time. Describe the changes that
occured in his eyes when he tried to focus on his watch. (3 marks)
(iv) Though Bill could clearly see the clock, he could not see his watch clearly without putting on his
glasses. Draw a ray diagram to show how his eye defect is corrected by his glasses. (3 marks)

4. 2000/I/2bi,ii,iv
An investigation was carried out to study the effect of light on the pupil of the eye. A person sat in a room in
which the light intensity could be varied. The size of the pupil of the person was measured at different light
intensities. The graph below shows the results of the investigation :

(i) Referring to the graph, describe the effect of light intensity on the size of the pupil. (2 marks)
(ii) Explain the significance of the change in pupil size in response to an increase in light intensity.
(2 marks)
(iv) People have different eye colours, such as brown, blue or green, but their pupils always appear to be
black. Explain why the pupil always appears to be black. (2 marks)

5. 2001/I/2a
The diagram below shows a section of the human eye :

(i) State one function of A. What feature of A contributes to this function ? (2 marks)
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(ii) A small object may form an image on spot B or C, and it will be perceived differently. What is the
difference in vision ? Why is there such a difference ? (2 marks)
(iii) After reading her book, a student tries to look at some words written on the blackboard. What would
be the change in structure D of her eye ? Explain how this change is brought about. (3 marks)
(iv) The student finds that she cannot see the words on the blackboard clearly. Draw a ray diagram to
show the path of light rays entering her eye under such a condition. (3 marks)

6. 2003/I/3ai,ii(1),iii
The diagram below shows a section of the human eye :

(i) Structure A has no blood capillaries.
(1) Why is this feature important to the formation of a clear image ? (1 mark)
(2) From where does structure A obtain nutrients ? (1 mark)
(ii) (1) When a person steps out from a dark room into broad daylight, B becomes constricted. Explain
the importance of this response. (2 marks)
(iii) In recent years, dark-coloured sunglasses are in fashion, but some of these sunglasses cannot cut off
ultra-violet light. Syggest why wearing such sunglasses under bright sunlight would be more
damaging to the eye than not wearing any sunglasses. (3 marks)

7. 2007/I/7a
The diagram below shows a section of a human eye:

(i) (1) Name structure A. (1 mark)
(2) Structure A becomes weak in an old man. Explain how this will affect his eyesight when he
looks at a nearby object. (4 marks)
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(ii) Suggest one possible change of the lens which will also weaken the eyesight. (1 mark)
(iii) With reference to the function of layer C, explain why the falling off of layer B from layer C may
cause blindness. (4 marks)
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