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Design Issues
Dr. Seshu Adluri
I d i Introduction
Steel Connections
Unlike concrete, connections in
steel structures need special design p g
Bolts, Rivets and Welds are typical
connectors connectors
Steel Connections -Dr. Seshu Adluri
J i i St t l l t Joining Structural elements
Mechanical fastenings
Mechanically formed joints Mechanically formed joints
Welding
Adh i b di Adhesive bonding
Steel Connections -Dr. Seshu Adluri
MECHANICAL FASTENINGS MECHANICAL FASTENINGS
Rivets
B lti Bolting
Stud Welding
Powder-Actuated Fastenings Powder-Actuated Fastenings
Threaded Fasteners & Nails
Expansion Bolts p
Adhesive-held fasteners
Mechanically formed joints
Steel Connections -Dr. Seshu Adluri
Ri t Rivets
Old style connectors
Permanent, Need field heating and head forming
Safety issues Safety issues
Tension on cooling is not estimated accurately
Load distribution is not as good as that for bolts
Steel Connections -Dr. Seshu Adluri
Ri t Rivets
Old style connectors
Permanent, Need field heating and head forming
Safety issues Safety issues
Tension on cooling is not estimated accurately
Load distribution is not as good as that for bolts
Steel Connections -Dr. Seshu Adluri
Pins
Rarely used compared to bolts and welds
Special projects only
Golden gate bridge approaches
Steel Connections -Dr. Seshu Adluri
B lt Bolts
r
f
r
f
T
T
V
V
1.9 1
s b u
V T
V nA F
+
Steel Connections -Dr. Seshu Adluri
Design for bolts Spacing etc Design for bolts, Spacing, etc.
If threads are intercepted in shear, reduce A to 70% If threads are intercepted in shear, reduce A to 70%
spacing: 2.7d
b
(usually 3d
b
) Cl. 22.3.1
Min. Edge dist.: Table 6 (based on d
b
& edge type)
Max. Edge dist.: 12t or 150mm
End distance: Table 6 or 1.5 d
b
Bolt hole diam.: d
b
+ 2mm (or 1/16)
Eff. hole diam.: hole diam.+2mm (for punched holes)
d =d +4 mm (punched holes); d =d +2mm (drilled holes) d
h
=d
b
+4 mm (punched holes); d
h
=d
b
+2mm (drilled holes)
Installation and inspection: Cl. 23, Washers: Cl. 23.5
Steel Connections -Dr. Seshu Adluri
Bolt Power!
Its cheesy
cartoon time! cartoon time!
b P
8
1
b
b
P
Equivalent
7
6
2
3
b
Equivalent
eccentric load
6
5
3
4
D
Steel Connections -Dr. Seshu Adluri
E t i b lt d ti Eccentric bolted connection
Welds Welds