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Core Audio
Bonus Lecture 9
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Overview

What is Core Audio?

Core Audio Programming Interfaces

Common Tasks With Core Audio

Core Audio Frameworks

Whats Been Shipping Since 10.4?

Supported Audio and Data Formats

Resources
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What is Core Audio?
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What is Core Audio?
Plug-in interfaces for audio synthesis and
audio digital signal processing (DSP)
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What is Core Audio?
Built in support for reading and writing a
wide variety of audio le and data formats
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What is Core Audio?
Plug-in interfaces for handling custom le
and data formats
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What is Core Audio?
A modular approach for constructing
signal chains
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What is Core Audio?
Scalable multichannel input and output
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What is Core Audio?
Easy synchronization of audio and
MIDI data during recording or
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What is Core Audio?
A standardized interface to all built-in and external hardware
devices, regardless of connection type (USB, Firewire, PCI, and so on)
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A standardized interface to all built-in and external
hardware devices, regardless of connection type
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A standardized interface to all built-in and external
hardware devices, regardless of connection type
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A standardized interface to all built-in and external
hardware devices, regardless of connection type
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Interfaces
Audio Unit Services

Audio Processing Graph API

Audio File and Converter Services

Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) Services

Music Player API

Core MIDI Services and MIDI Server Services

Core Audio Clock API

OpenAL (Open Audio Library)

System Sound API

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Audio Unit Services
Allows you to create and
manipulate audio units.
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Audio Processing
Graph API
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Audio Processing
Graph API
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Audio File and
Converter Services

Audio Converters and Codecs

File Format Information

Audio Metadata

Core Audio File Format

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Hardware Abstraction
Layer (HAL) Services
Core Audio uses a hardware
abstraction layer (HAL) to provide a
consistent and predictable interface
for applications to deal with
hardware.
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Hardware Abstraction
Layer (HAL) Services
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Music Player API
The Music Player API allows
you to arrange and play a
collection of music tracks.
MIDI
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Core MIDI Services and
MIDI Server Services
Core MIDI Services denes an
interface that applications and audio
units can use to communicate with
MIDI devices. It uses a number of
abstractions that allow an application
to interact with a MIDI network.
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Core MIDI Services and
MIDI Server Services
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Core MIDI Services and
MIDI Server Services
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Core Audio Clock API
The Core Audio Clock API provides:

A reference clock that you can use to synchronize

applications or devices.

A standalone timing source, or...

A synchronized timer with an external trigger, such

as a MIDI beat clock or MIDI time code.

You can start and stop the clock yourself, or...

You can set the clock to activate or deactivate in

response to certain events.
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Core Audio Clock API
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OpenAL
(Open Audio Library)
OpenAL is a cross-platform
API used to position and
manipulate sounds in a
simulated three-dimensional
space.
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System Sound API
The System Sound API
provides a simple way to
play standard system
sounds in your
application.
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Common Tasks
in Core Audio

Reading and Writing Audio Data

Interfacing with Hardware Devices

The AUHAL

Using Aggregate Devices

Creating & Hosting Audio Units

Handling MIDI Data

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Reading and Writing Audio Data
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Interfacing with Hardware Devices
Operations must go through the hardware
abstraction layer (HAL).
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The AUHAL
If you need to connect to an input device,
or a hardware device other than the default
output device, you need to use the AUHAL.
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The AUHAL
If you need to connect to an input device,
or a hardware device other than the default
output device, you need to use the AUHAL.
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Using Aggregate Devices
When interfacing with hardware audio
devices, Core Audio allows you to add an
additional level of abstraction, creating
aggregate devices which combine the
inputs and outputs of multiple devices to
appear as a single device.
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Creating Audio Units &
Hosting Audio Units
...probably read the documentation. :-)
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Handling MIDI Data
MIDI File Read
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Handling MIDI Data
MIDI Sequence Playback
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Handling MIDI Data
MIDI Device Play-through
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Handling MIDI Data
MIDI File Recording
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Handling MIDI Data
Mixing Audio Sources
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Handling MIDI Data
Big Picture
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Core Audio Frameworks

AudioToolbox.framework

AudioUnit.framework

CoreAudioKit.framework

CoreAudio.framework

CoreMIDI.framework

CoreMIDIServer.framework

OpenAL.framework
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System Supplied
Audio Units
System-supplied effect units (kAudioUnitType_Effect)
AUHiPass
kAudioUnitSubType_HighPassFilter
A high-pass lter with an adjustable
resonance peak.
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System Supplied
Audio Units
System-supplied instrument unit
DLSMusicDevice
kAudioUnitSubType_DLSSynth
A virtual instrument unit that lets you
play MIDI data using sound banks
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System Supplied
Audio Units
System-supplied mixer units (kAudioUnitType_Mixer)
AUMixer3D
kAudioUnitSubType_3DMixer
...can take several different signals and
mix them so they appear to be
positioned in a three-dimensional space.
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System Supplied
Audio Units
System-supplied converter units (kAudioUnitType_FormatConverter)
AUTimePitch
kAudioUnitSubType_TimePitch
A unit that lets you change the
speed of playback without altering
the pitch, or vice versa.
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System Supplied
Audio Units
System-supplied output units (kAudioUnitType_Output)
AudioDeviceOutput
kAudioUnitSubType_HALOutput
A unit that interfaces with an audio
device using the hardware abstraction
layer. Also called the AUHAL.
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System Supplied
Audio Units
System-supplied generator units (kAudioUnitType_Generator)
AUNetReceive
kAudioUnitSubType_NetReceive
A unit that receives streamed audio
data from a network.
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Supported Audio and
Data File Formats
AAC (.aac, .adts)
AC3 (.ac3)
AIFC (.aif, .aiff,.aifc)
AIFF (.aiff)
Apple Core Audio Format (.caf)
MPEG Layer 3 (.mp3)
MPEG 4 Audio (.mp4)
MPEG 4 Audio (.m4a)
NeXT/Sun Audio (.snd, .au)
Sound Designer II (.sd2)
WAVE (.wav)
Audio File Formats
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Supported Audio and
Data File Formats
Data File Formats
MPEG Layer 3 ('.mp3') Apple DRM Audio Decoder
('drms')
MACE 3:1 ('MAC3') AC-3
MACE 6:1 ('MAC6') DVI 4:1 ('dvi ')
QDesign Music 2 ('QDM2') Apple IMA 4:1 ('ima4')
QDesign ('QDMC') LPC 23:1 ('lpc ')
Qualcomm PureVoice ('Qclp') Microsoft ADPCM
Qualcomm QCELP ('qclq') DVI ADPCM
AAC ('aac ') GSM610
Apple Lossless ('alac') AMR Narrowband ('samr')
Apple GSM 10:1 ('agsm') !Law 2:1 ('ulaw')
ALaw 2:1 'alaw')
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Resources

Overview

http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MusicAudio/
Conceptual/CoreAudioOverview/Introduction/Introduction.html

Core Audio Frameworks

http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MusicAudio/
Conceptual/CoreAudioOverview/CoreAudioFrameworks/
CoreAudioFrameworks.html

System Supplied Audio Units

http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MusicAudio/
Conceptual/CoreAudioOverview/SystemAudioUnits/SystemAudioUnits.html

"iPhone Core Audio Brain Dump"

http://www.subfurther.com/blog/2009/04/28/an-iphone-core-audio-brain-dump/