139 Grammar Bank

4A
can / could (requests)
for things Can / Could I have a cup of tea, please?
for permission to do something Can / Could I open the door, please?
for someone to do something Can / Could you help me, please?
Could I / Could you ? is more polite and formal than Can I / Can
you ?
>> Now go to exercise 4.1 to practise.
4B
present perfect with a present result
Use the present perfect to talk about something which happened
in the past, but has important results now.
past action present result
I / You / We / Theyve washed the cups. The cups are clean now.
He / She / Its broken the computer. The computer doesnt work now.
To form the present perfect, use have / has + a past participle.
For a list of irregular past participles, see >> p.148.
>> Now go to exercises 4.2 and 4.3 to practise.
4C
present perfect
+

?
+ (ve = have, s = has) (havent = have not,
hasnt = has not)
?
I / You / We / Theyve fed
the dog.
I / You / We / They havent
fed the dog.
Have I / you / we / they fed
the dog?
He / She / Its washed the
towels.
He / She / It hasnt
washed the towels.
Has he / she / it washed
the towels?
short answers
Yes, I / you / we / they have.
Yes, he / she / it has.
No, I / you / we / they havent.
No, he / she / it hasnt.
>> Now go to exercises 4.4 to practise.
4D
present perfect with ever / never
Use ever and never with the present perfect for emphasis.
ever + present perfect
question
= at any time before now Have you ever travelled
abroad?
never + present perfect
positive form
= at no time before now Weve never been to
Canada.
>> Now go to exercise 4.5 to practise.
4D
present perfect and past simple
Use the present perfect to talk about an event which happened at
some time before now. It isnt important exactly when it happened.
Use the past simple to talk about an event which happened in the
past and is not connected to now.
present perfect past simple
Ive been to London this year.
Hes never played chess.
Weve visited Dublin twice.
I went to London last week.
He didnt play chess yesterday.
We went to Dublin twice last year.
Use expressions of unfnished time with the present perfect, and
expressions of fnished time with the past simple.
expressions of unfnished time expressions of fnished time
before now, today, this week, in my life last summer, yesterday, last week,
in 2001, when I was fve
>> Now go to exercise 4.6 to practise.
.
4.1 Order the words to make requests.
Example you make can our please beds
Can you make our beds, please?
1 we double have please could a room
2 you can me tomorrow please phone
3 towels please you change can my
4 a have sandwich cheese I could please
5 drink have a please I can
6 another please of bottle I can have shampoo
4.2 Write the past participles of the verbs in the correct box.
work swim put stop break live listen think do like
fall study burn decide
regular irregular
worked
4.3 Match 17 with ag.
1 c Someone has opened a You can hear music.
the window.
2 Ive lost my keys. b Theyre on the foor.
3 Weve washed the cups. c Its cold in here.
4 Hes broken his fnger. d I cant open the door.
5 Ive switched on the radio. e Theyre clean.
6 Youve burnt the toast. f It smells terrible.
7 Shes dropped the eggs. g He cant write.
4.4 Complete the sentences. Use these verbs in the present perfect.
buy not do cook not pay drink not send invite put take
Example Lisas parents have bought a new car.
1 You your homework!
2 you all your friends to the party?
3 They dinner. Its on the table.
4 she the cheese in the fridge?
5 She the gas bill.
6 He all the fruit juice.
7 I an email to my friend.
8 Lisa the dog for a walk.
4.5 Add ever or never to the sentences in the correct places.
never
Examples Ive
/
had fu.
ever
Have you
/
been skiing?
1 Have you broken your arm?
2 Weve stayed in a hotel.
3 Shes eaten Japanese food.
4 Has Jamie worked in an offce?
5 Ive used a computer.
6 Have they lived abroad?
4.6 Right or wrong? Tick (3) or correct the sentences.
Example We have been to Corfu last year on holiday.
We went to Corfu last year on holiday.
1 We have seen a great flm last night.
2 Did she do the homework yesterday?
3 A Did you lose your passport?
B Yes. Can you help me look for it?
4 They havent bought their house in 1997.
5 He didnt study French when he was at school.
6 My team won two matches this year.
7 I have been to the sports centre twice on Tuesday.
8 Has he worked in Spain before?