SUBMITTED BY,

VIDYA P.PILLAI
B.Ed IInd

SEM
NATURAL SCIENCE
N. S. S. TRAINING COLLEGE
PANDALAM
SUBMITTED TO,
Dr. PADMA PRIYA
OPTIONAL IN CHARGE
NATURAL SCIENCE
N. S. S. TRAINING COLLEGE
PANDALAM





MULTIMEDIA PACKAGE IN BIOLOGY

Since the main objective of the study is the preparation of a
Multimedia Learning Package in Biology, the prepared package is
described about the following.

CONTENT
Block An address for Living Beings
Topic Biological Interactions








This book let contains Multimedia Package based on Biology
for the students of std VIII, SCERT Kerala. For the preparation of the
package the investigator selected an important topic from std VIII
Biology syllabus. The topic contain main concepts and appropriate
learning objectives. These objectives will give you an idea about what
new behavior will be acquired by the completion of that topic. Hope
you will be benifited by this package. Wish you all the best



TOPIC BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

It is a well known fact that no animal can live alone or keep aloof
from other organisms of the habitat. An animal has to depend on other
organisms in the habitat for food, shelter, reproduction and other needs.
Hence a close relationship exists among individuals in a species as well as
individuals of other species population. Some have minimal influence on
one another while some have very distinct and immediate relationships.
At an individual level, these relationships can be harmful or beneficial; at a
population level they can reduce, stabilize or enhance the rate of
population growth.




KEY CONCEPTS

Positive interactions
Negative interaction
Mutualism
Commensalism
Predation
Parasitism
Competition

OBJECTIVES

To understand the different types of relations found among
organisms.
To realize that all organisms on the earth have equal importance
and the destruction of one causes the destruction of others.
To develop knowledge about positive and negative interactions.
To develop skill of observation.
To develop abstract thinking and critical thinking.
To develop interest and attitude towards the interactions among
organisms.




Ammu and Achu were discussing about different types of relations among organisms.


















Achu, next week I have to present a seminar
on different types of relation among
organisms. But I dont know anything about
the topic. Can you help me please ?



Yes of course, You dont worry.
I will help you.
Oh, Thank you



Ammu, different types of
relations are found among
organisms of various types. You
know the purpose behind that ?





























Yes, these relationships are useful
for ensuring food and space for
living.

Yes, you are right. An animal has to depend on
other organisms in the habitat for food,
shelter, reproduction and other needs. This
type of relations exist among organisms are
known as biological interactions.

The interactions may be of two types
interspecific or intraspecific. If the
interaction is among the individual of
same species it is called intraspecific
interaction. So, can you explain what is
interspecific interaction?






Which are the different types of
biological interactions ?
























Yes, you are right. On the basis of
benefits and harmful effects of
organisms, the interactions can be
categorized in to two namely positive
interaction and negative interaction.
It is the interaction in which one
interacting species helps the other
either one way or on reciprocal
terms .
What is this positive interaction?


If the interaction is among the individuals
of different species, it is called interspecific
interaction. Am I right?























Mutualism and commensalism are the
different types of positive interactions.
I will show you a video, you should
observe that and try to find out
how the organisms helps each
other ?
What is this Mutualism?


Oh! Which are the different types of
positive interactions.










VIDEO - BUTTERFLY AND FLOWERING PLANT












Ok Ammu. Then what is
Commensalism?


In this video plant helps butterfly by
giving honey and butterfly helps plant
by pollination.
Yes, you are right. So that is
mutualism. Here the two
organisms are benefited.
















VANDA AND MANGO TREE










I will show you another picture and
try to find out what is
Commensalism ?
Here vanda is benifited by getting a
support on mango tree and mango
tree is neither benifited nor harmed.
Yes, in commensalism one is
benifited and the other is neither
benifited nor harmed.




























So Achu, What about negative
interaction.
In negative interactions, one
interacting species is harmed. The
other may be harmed, benifited or
unaffected.
Which are the different types
of negative interactions.
Predation, Parasitism and Competition
are the different types of negative
interactions.




























I know about Predation. Animals that
secure their food by killing other animals
are known as predatory animals and this
mode of feeding is termed predation.
Yes, here one is benifited and the
other is harmed. The organism
which is benifited is the Predator
and one who killed is the Prey.
For example eagle and fish. Here eagle
is the predator and fish is the prey.
I will show you a video on how
eagle catches its prey, the fish.











VIDEO EAGLE AND FISH















What about parasitism and
competition.
In parasitism, one is benifited and
the other is harmed. The organism
which is benifited is the parasite
and one who harmed is the host.
That means in predation , the predator
is larger than the prey and in parasitism
the parasite is smaller than the host.















LORANTHUS AND MANGO TREE











Yes, here it is an example for
Parasitism.
Here, mango tree is the host and
loranthus is the parasite. So loranthus is
benifited and mango tree is harmed.
In competition, both organisms
suffer first. But the organism
which win is benifited. For
example crops and weeds.












CROPS AND WEEDS















Ammu, now are you familiar with
your seminar topic.
Yes Achu. Now I am very
confident to present my seminar.
Now can you consolidate the
topic.












CONSOLIDATION
Different types of relationships are found among organisms of various types.
The relationships can be categorized in to two, namely positive and negative
interactions.
In positive interaction one interacting species helps the other either one way
or on reciprocal terms.
In negative interactions , one interacting species is harmed. The other may be
harmed, benifited or unaffected.
Mutualism and commensalism are the two types of positive interactions.
Predation, parasitism and competition are the different types of negative
interactions.

REVIEW
1. What is positive interaction?
2. What is commensalism?
3. Give an example for predation?
4. What is parasitism?
Yes, ofcourse