MASTERS ORAL QUESTIONS 2014 Malta

How would you plan your passage from a management point of view?
Ensure all Certifcates are up to date, Fuel, food, stores, spares, MARP!,
sta"ility, safety, security, crew welfare, watc# routines and #ours of wor$, fnal
weat#er and route, least cost or least time, departure reports, speeds and
E%A&s to critical points, drills and maintenance to "e carried out on passage'
()*M, *M*, *#ip Maintenance Plan+ SEAWORTHINESS Merchant Shipping act.
Ch234./MSN 90 SEAWORTHINESS ! "# regi$tere% a$ Ma&te$e Ship$.
Passage Planning
Appraisals , "taining t#e relevant pu"lications and c#arts
Planning , !aying down course on t#e c#art, preparing t#e voyage
E-ecution , Carrying out t#e plan moving t#e s#ip from "ert# to "ert#'
Monitoring , %ime $eeping, monitoring P)&s and position f-ing etc'
.#at reports would you ma$e "efore during a voyage?
Mandatory , /aily company report as re0uired "y *!A* CH 1 reg 23, 1%*
stations 4 5s#ant, Finestere, 6i"raltar, Malta' CER* , Consolidated European
Reporting *c#eme, !R)% a 7888mile identifcation report t#at can "e accessed
from s#ore so t#at 9ag states $now w#o are in t#eir waters' A)* 4 v#f range up
to 788Miles'
1oluntary , AM1ER 4 world wide "y 5nited *tate Coast 6uard, A5*REP,
australian waters, )M: Piracy Reporting Centre (PRC+ in ;uala !umpur, Malaysia'
WEATHER
*ynoptic c#arts
<une , *ept *. monsoon in )ndian cean due to #ig# temperatures over land
causing a low pressure, relatively #ig# pressure at t#e e0uator leads to winds
"lowing on land and causing particularly #eavy rainfall on t#e west coast of
)ndia and :urma as t#e wind #as "een traveling over t#e warm tropical seas'
=ov , Marc# =E monsoon in )ndian cean due to lower temperatures over land
causing a #ig# pressure, relatively low pressure at t#e e0uator leads to winds
"lowing o> t#e land, t#is air mass is su"se0uently dry alt#oug# lig#t rainfall
can "e e-pected on t#e coast'
Fog Mariner&s #and"oo$ Pg72?'
A/1EC%)= F6@, .arm moist air 9ows over cold sea surface and so "eing
cooled "elow its due point' Most commen at sea' )ts o>en s#allow so
mast#eads may protrude a"ove it' Most common in spring and early summer
w#en sea temp is at its lowest
RA/)A%)= F6@, Heat reradiating from low grounds causing t#e air to mi- at
t#e surface especially during winter mont#s' Most o>en forms at nig#t and
early morning' .#en drifting out to sea is found from 78,7AM'
FR=%A! F6B, .arm air mi-ing wit# cool air at an occlusion causing t#e warm
air to "e cooled "elow its due point at t#e frontal system'
Factors causing )ce Accretion?
Fres# .ater , 8C and fog or rain
*alt .ater , .ind a"ove force C and temps ,2C
)ce limits D8= D8.
1
)nternational )ce Patrol , run "y t#e 5*A in t#e = Atlantic, near 6rand :an$s of
=ewfoundland' *ervice operate from late Fe" to end of <une' A!R* 1?(2+'
%R* Mariner&s #and"oo$ Pg773
Most fre0uent during late summer and early autumn of eac# #emisp#ere'
Forms in !attitudes "etween AE= to ?8E= F AE* to 73E*' *ea %emp a"ove 2CC,
First a"servations, long low swell from appro- "earing of center, /rop of ?#Pa
%R* suspected, drop of A#Pa %R* confrmed and action to avoid re0uired' A
c#ange indirection F strengt# of wind, cirrus clouds followed "y altostratus F
"ro$en cumulus' Radar may give warning in GCM range "ut at t#at range s#ip
may already "e e-periancing #ig# seas F strong to gale force winds')n = face
wind and low is on t#e rig#t, * face wind and low is on t#e left' Evasive action
pg 727'
Fronts
Mariner&s Hand"oo$ Pg772' /evelop "etween two air masses of warm F cold
air'
.arm frontB, w#en warm air meets a denser cold air on frontal "oundary, warm
air overrides it, e-tensive cloud and precipitation covering a wide area'
Cold Front@, cold air "e#ind t#e front overta$e t#e warm air and undercuts it
causing t#e less dense warm air to rise' .eat#er 4 s0ualls and #eavy
t#understorm s#owers' %#e "elt of "ad weat#er is usually muc# narrower t#an
t#at of a warm front'
cclusion@, w#en a cold front overta$e a warm front e>ectively leaving a
surface cold front wit# mi-ed c#aracteristics of "ot# warm and cold @, cold
occlusion' .#en air "e#ind cold front is less dense t#an air of warm front , cold
front will rise up t#e warm front leaving at warm front at surface "ut wit# mi-ed
c#arecteristics @, warm occlusion'
.#at are t#e re0uirements to carry out drills, fre0uency and records?
*!*'A H F *!A* c# )))
Fire F A"andon *#ip every 2 wee$s, Pa- s#ip wee$ly, drills involving all crew at
least once a mont#, all "oats to "e rotated on a ? mont#ly "asisB full drill to "e
carried out wit#in 2D#rs or if more t#an 2AI crew c#ange, same for security
drill' A drill to include a muster of crew to t#eir muster stations, wit# lifeJac$ets
' *teering gear, Heli ps, /amage Control every ? mont#s' Enclosed *pace /rill
every 2 mont#s' M: Cmont#s' )*P* ?mont#s
.#at would you do if a crew mem"er "ro$e #is arm "efore departure?
Arrange #ospital t#roug# agent, sign #im o> s#ip wit# all pay, insert reason and
sign for #im, #ave 2 oKcers pac$ "elongings and inventory to "e put in !:
2
narrative' C#ec$ *M/ and o"tain e-emption from %M if necessary, arrange for
replacement crew mem"er in ne-t port' 6et t#e c#ief mate to carry out an
accident investigation and send to M*)5 using M*=GD' H Form A F Form :'
E-plain w#at is t#e wor$ of Marine *afety )nvestigation Aut#ority' M*)A' (MA):+
%#e M*)A comes under t#e Merc#ant *#ipping /irectorate and article ?LD of
t#e Merc#ant *#ipping Act as per 288GM73MEC /irective' Re0uirments to report
occurrences from Merc#ant F Passenger *#ips, F1 over 7Am F pleasure craft
engaged in trade' *#all apply to marine accidents F incidents involving or
occuring on :oard Maltese s#ips, w#erever t#ey may "e F to foreign 9agged
s#ips w#en in Maltese .aters' %#e sole o"Jective of M*)A is to issue analysis,
conclusions F recommendations to prevent future marine accidentsMincidents
t#roug# t#e ascertainment of cause, contri"ution factors F circumstances' )t
s#all not "e t#e purpose of M*)A to apportion "lame or determine civil F
criminal lia"ilities'
A replacement Kcer turns up in ne-t port w#o is Egiption can #e "e signed
on?
Nes if #e #as a Competency endorsment certifcate (CEC+ attesting recognition
"y %M of #is CC' %#e validity of #is CEC is lin$ed to t#e validity of #is CC'
%#ey must "e "ot# carried on "oard toget#er' )f a CEC not availa"le #e must
#ave an ac$nowledgement of application w#ic# serve as proof for application'
1alidity ? mont#s' Also #e must #ave a valid Medical Fitness Certifcate'
(M*=G2 H+
.#at entries would you ma$e in t#e Kcial !og :oo$? )nside cover
Front cover@ =ame of *#ip, Port of Registry, Kcial num"er (same imo+, 6ross F
Registered (net+tonnage, Captains name, nationality and CC num"er, wners
address, date and place of opening'
7+Records of seaman employed on s#ip, 2+:irt#s F /eat#s, ?+ Records of
Masters, "oat drills F Fire /rills and inspection of !*A F FFA' D+ )nspection of
accomadation'(wee$ly+ A+ !!, dept#s of loading include departure dates from
eac# doc$' C+=arrative *ection'
=arrative section@ >ences F Convictions "y crew including fnes F attac#ed
statments' )llness, inJury F medical treatment, Marriages, .ills, .ages due and
e>ects left on "oard "y deat# or desertion, Collisions, Master #and over, sea
protests,
%o w#om does it apply t#e Merc#ant Code of Conduct? (articles cover+
All crew w#o are party to t#e agreement ie t#ose signed on on t#e articles
*igning Crew on and o> 4 Maltese *#ip Agreement
M'*'(C+ ?7 Master to sign on opening of articles
M'*'(C+ ?7 (A+ Noung Persons under 73 and apprentices over 73
M'*'(C+ ?7 (:+ All crew mem"ers
M'*'(C+ ?A Certifcate of /isc#arge for o>signers
M'*'(C+ ?C Engagment F /isc#arge to "e send mont#ly to %M
.#at are t#e Hours of wor$, including Noung Persons? (M!C288C+
Ma- #ours of wor$ @, 7D# in any 2D# period F L2# in a Lday period'
Min #ours of rest @, 78# in any 2D# period F LL# in any L day period'
3
Rest periods can "e split into no more t#an 2 periods, one of w#ic# must "e at
least C#'
)f young persons under 73 "ut over 7C'
Ma- 3# per day and D8# per wee$ additional to "e payed as overtime w#ere
unavoida"le'
After eac# 2# continuous a 7Amin rest period' =ot to wor$ during nig#t time
"etween 8888 F 8A88' (For all a"ove' Annual leave fully paid and min 2'Adays
per mont#'
Procedures to close t#e Kcial !og :oo$, w#at ma$es it a legal document?
Articles (crew agreement+ valid for 7 year on closing to "e send to *#ipping
Master attac#ed wit# any oKcial log "oo$s' A copy may "e $ept on "oard'
Merc#ant *#ipping Act 2?D ma$es t#e oKcial log "oo$ a legal document'
.#at do you $now a"out t#e Maritime !a"our Convention?
Entry in force from Aug287?' %#roug# )! "y a trapartite consessus approac#
(crew, 9ag, owners+ )t is split in A main %itles'
,%itle 7 Min re0uirments for seafarers to wor$ on a s#ip'(age (7C+, medical cert
(2years+, training F 0ualifcations (*%C.+, recruitment F placement (Company
F agency++'
,%itle 2 Conditions of employment' (agreement, wages, #ours, leave,
repatriation, compensations, manning levels, career F s$ill development F
opportunities'
,%itle ? Accomodation, recreational facilities, food F catering'
,%itle D Healt# Protection, medical care, welfare F social security protection'
,%itle A Complance F enforcement'
.#at are t#e Manilla Amendments?
Are *%C. amendments, entry into froce from <an2872' =ew re0uirments will "e
introduced "y Maritime organisations according to a transitional timeta"le "y
<an287L' *ome of t#ese will include c#anges to Competence ta"les li$e EC/)*,
!eaders#ip F teamwor$ training for all oKcers' *ecurity training for all grades
of s#ip"oard personel, Refres#er training every Ayears, Additional medical
standards, and new seafarer grades and certifcation (e- Electro,%ec#nical
Kcer or Rating+' Hours of wor$ as per M!C' A limit of alco#ol use of 8'8AIin
"lood or 8'2AmgMl t#roug# on"oard "reat#iliOer'
.#at training would you give to a crew mem"er on Joining a s#ip?
) would refer to t#e *M* c#ec$list Familiarisation of <oing Crew' ) will designate
a 0ualifed person (o>sign crew or ot#er oKcer+ in c#arge of training t#e new
personMs' %raining s#ould include 4
Master !ist and Alarm *ignalls, *olas %raining manual
;nowledge of w#at #e s#ould do in any emergency'
;nowledge of company Policies, /PA, and w#ere t#ey are posted'
;nowledge to #is wor$ing duties, #ours of wor$,rest F e0uipment to use'
;nowledge of Enviroment Protection' (gar"age, oil, "allast management+
.#at can you tell me a"out MARP!?
Anne- ) )! , all s#ips over D886% and oil tan$ers 7A86%P
In Specia& Area , Must "e on route, processed t#roug# approved oil fltering
e0uipment, not from cargo areas, 7Appm alarm wit# automatic stopping
device'
4
O't Specia& Area 4%an$ers' A8nm P from land en route, not more t#an ?8ltrs
per nm, no more t#an 7M?8,888 of last cargo, t#roug# an oil disc#arge control
system wit# slop tan$'
.#at are t#e 2 parts of t#e il Record :oo$?
Part 7 , Mac#inery *paces (all s#ips of D88gtP and oiltan$ers of 7A8gtP+
Part 2 , Cargo and :allast ps (oiltan$ers of 7A8gtP+
Anne- )) =Q)5* !)R5)/* CARR)E/ )= :5!; , For all s#ips carrying =!*,
stripping tec#ni0ues ma- LAl for products Q,N F S' Pass t#roug# an /MC*,
speed L$ts, more t#an 2Am dept# and more t#an 72nm'
Anne- ))) HARMF5! 6/* )= PAC;A6E/ FRM , )M/6 code ref' *!A* c#L'
Anne- )1 *E.A6E 4 /isc#arge in 3n( approved sewage treatment plant F
port state permission' =o eTuent to "e produced, no visi"le 9oating or
descoloration'
O't 3n() if comminuted and disinfected using an approved system'
O't *2n( w#en not ground and comminuted disc#arged at a moderate rate
approved "y Flag *tate, ma$ing at least D$ts'
Anne- 1 6AR:A6E , All s#ips of D88 6%P or carrying 7A people' Must #ave
6ar"age Management Plan' A 6ar"age record "oo$ to "e maintained F records
$ept for 2years' )n special area only comminuted food waste and was# water
allowed to desc#arge'
Anne- 1) A)R 4 Emission Control area, special mandatory measures to prevent
reduce F control air pollution from =o-, *o- F Particular Matter'
=o- 4 applica"le for engines of power 7?8$wP, "ut not t#ose for emergency
use,
*o- 4 ?'AI after <an2872, 8'AI after <an2828' 8'7I after <an287A for ECA' E5
8'7I all ports'
1C 4 procedure to minimise during loadingMdisc#argeM underway F Cow
operations'
.#at would you include in your Masters *tanding rders?
%#e master is responsi"le to give clear and concise orders so ) would reiterate
any particular company orders t#at ) feel strongly a"out or feel t#at #avenUt
"een portrayed clearly enoug# in t#e Company *M*, t#ese would "e w#en )
e-pect to "e called, notice of readiness, #ours of wor$, ftness for duty, colregs,
"ridge procedures, engine use, log "oo$s,un,e-pected nav mar$, derelicts,
emergency, if t#e oow is in dou"t, any nav failure, fog,distress
.#en would you send a distress message?
.#en my vessel is in great and imminent danger, o"serv anot#er vessel in
distress, w#en emergency situation "ecomes "eyond control' )t can always "e
downgraded or cancelled'
.#at is t#e di>erence "etween Flag *tate and Port *tate Control?
*!A* re0uires t#e 9ag state to ensure t#at t#eir s#ips are operating to at least
t#e min standards set out in t#e conventions' (Flag *tate is also t#e registered
9ag of t#e s#ip+'
Port states are enforcers of t#e laws in t#eir own Jurisdiction, w#ic# may or may
not "e #ig#er t#an *!A*' (%#e port t#e s#ip is in+'
.#at do you $now a"out t#e Port *tate /irective? *'!' 2?D'?3
)t is a new E5 directive to esta"lis# t#e ris$ profle of a s#ip, specifcally to
determine its inspection window'
5
H)6H Priority )) window opens at A mont#s and "ecomes priority ) at C
mont#s
*%A=/AR/ Priority )) window opens at 78 mont#s and "ecomes priority ) at 72
mont#s
!. Priority )) window opens at 2D mont#s and "ecomes priority ) at ?C
mont#s
Hig# ris$ s#ip will always #ave an e-panded inspection' *tandard or !ow ris$
s#ips will get an )nitial inspection #owever if t#ere are grounds for concern t#en
t#ey will "e su"Ject to a more detailed inspection'
.#at is t#e Alternative Compliance *c#eme? M6= ?DA
Certifcate of inspection is issued after t#e MCA #ave agreed t#at your vessel
fulflls t#e criteria to "e in t#e AC*' )t is a sc#eme operated "y t#e MCA w#ic#
allows vessel operators (e-cept passenger+ to get statutory certifcation done
"y classifcation societies and t#us avoiding duplication of e>ort' %#e MCA will
$eep t#e )*M audit, )! inspection and )*P* in order to retain an oversig#t of
t#e s#ip' %#e s#ip must not #ave "een detained in t#e last ?C mont#s or #ave
#ad more t#an A P*C defciencies in t#e last 72 mont#s'
.#at is an initial, periodical, renewal, intermediate and annual survey?
)=)%)A!@, A complete inspection "efore s#ip is put in service of A!! )%EM*
relating to a certifcate to ensure t#at t#ey are satisfactory'
PER)/)C@, ta$es place of renewal servey for t#ose certifcates w#ic# previosly
w#ere renewed after 7 to 2 years (?M "efore or after t#e anniversary date+
RE=E.A!@, is an inspection of structure, mac#inery and e0uipment as
applica"le to verify t#at t#eir condition is in compliance wit# re0uirments of
regulations' (? M "efore e-pire "ut not after'+
)=%ERME/)A%E@, An inspection of *PEC)F)C )%EM* relating to a certifcate to
ensure t#at t#ey are satisfactory condition eg's#ip"ottom' /epend on
certifcate concearned F age of s#ip t#e scope may range from t#at of an
annual to t#e e0uivalent of renewal'
A==5A!@,A 6E=ERA! (wal$ around+ of items relating to a certifcate to ensure
t#at t#ey #ave "een maintained and remain ft for service' (?M "efore or after
anniversary date+
A//)%)=A!@, w#en an accident occur to a s#ip or a defect is descovered w#ic#
e>ects t#e safety or integrity of t#e s#ip'
.#at is t#e En#anced *urvey Program?
%#is survey of t#e #ull for :ul$ carriers and oil tan$ers starting at t#e A year
mar$ to ta$e a close up loo$ at side frame welds and #ull t#ic$ness
measurements'
E*P will "e written on t#e certifcate of class for s#ips re0uired to undergo t#e
E*P
.#at will you do if a certifcate e-pires mid voyage wit# 2 wee$s until you get
to port'
Contact t#e 9ag administration and as$ for an e-tension "efore it e-pires, and
arrange for a surveyor at t#e ne-t port'
.#at is t#e Harmonised *ystem of *urvey?
6
)t is a common survey cycle w#ic# standardiOes e-piry dates for s#ips
certifcates run "y t#e )M' All certifcates will e-pire at t#e same time and "e
surveyed at t#e same time'
*!A* and MARP! certs'
Passenger *#ip *afety Certifcate under Harmonised *ystem of *urvey
Re0uired "y all passenger s#ips on international voyage, issued "y Flag
Administration or on "e#alf of "y R as "elow@
Initia& $'r+e, "efore entering into service to include@
7' Construction, mac#inery and e0uipment ot#er t#an safety
2' *afety e0uipment'
?' Radio e0uipment
D' *u"division !oad !ines , (load lines wit# limitations for trade area+
Rene-a& $'r+e, every 72 mont#s , s#ips "ottom e-amination, "ilge $eels,
rudders, sea c#ests, propellors and s#afts'
A%%itina& $'r+e, if repairs are carried out'
A record of e0uipment for t#e P**C Form P s#all "e permanently attac#ed'
.#at certifcates does Port *tate Control want to see?
Certifcate of Registry, Class, %onnage, !oad !ine
*M/, *afety Management Cert, /oC
Passenger *#ip *afety Cert or Cargo *#ip *afety Cert, )**ecurityC
Continuous *ynopsis Reports
)ilPPC, )*ewagePPC, )AirPPC
All oKcers and crew certifcation (*%C.+
/ocuments and records, )!, *PEP, )*P* *ecurity Plan, )*M
Rest of )nspection@
:ridge' E0uipment, C#arts, Pu"lications, compass, lig#ts, EP)R:, fre detection
system
!*A,!ife"oats , engine, contents, davits, liferafts ,lifeJac$ets, life"uoys, rescue
"oats,
FFA, fre doors, #oses, e-tinguis#ers, fre plan, emergency lig#ting,
Hull,corrosion, weat#ertig#tMwatertig#t arrangments, ventilation, winc#esM
mooringM anc#oring,
emergency fre pump, emergency generator, emergency access
cleanliness of engine room, oil record "oo$, 7Appm alarm, propulsion, steering
gear
Certifcate of Registry is missing, w#at do you do?
Apply to a Maltese consul for a /5P!)CA%E certifcate asap t#e s#ip may
ot#erwise "e detained' M% may convince t#e P*C to let t#e vessel sail "ut P*C
are not o"liged'
.#at is a C#arter Party?
)t is an e-plicit set of terms relating to t#e c#arter of a s#ip "etween t#e owner
and t#e c#arterer containing details suc# as t#e ownerMc#arterers
responsi"ility, o"ligations, lia"ility, rates, period of c#arter, startMend of c#arter,
navigation limitations'
7
.#at is a :ill of !ading'
)t is a receipt, Evidence of contract of carriage, A /ocument of title, %ransfer of
rig#ts and o"ligations' )t will prove t#at t#e cargo #as "een loaded in good
order unless claused'
.#at are t#e Hague,1is"y, Ham"urg, Rotterdam Rules?
%#ey are limitations providing minimum performance and ma-imum lia"ility'
%#e H1 rules contain t#e nautical defense rule w#ic# means t#at an owner
cannot "e #eld lia"le for t#e negligence of t#e master' %#e Rotterdam rules are
an updated version of t#e rules "ut do not contain t#e nautical defense rule'
/oes not cover t#e carriage of live animals or cargo carried on dec$' %#e
Master will #ave to prove t#at all steps #ave "een ta$en to ensure safety of t#e
goods wit# surveyor&s reports, cargo logs, etc'
.#at is 6eneral Average?
)t is insurance awarded w#en a cargo is Jettisoned or damaged successfully for
t#e safety of a maritime adventure' %#e money comes from a fair and e0ual
w#ip round from all ot#er parties involved'
%HA% .H)CH HA* :EE= *ACR)F)CE/ FR %HE :E=EF)% F A!! *HA!! :E MA/E
6/ :N %HE C=%R):5%)= F A!!'
.#at is Particular Average?
)t is an insurance awarded as a"ove "ut on a smaller scale e'g only one cargo
was damaged on t#e voyage'
.#at is t#e At#ens Convention?
)t regulates t#e carriage of passengers and t#eir luggage "y sea and
esta"lis#es t#e carrier&s lia"ility wit# e-tent of deat# or inJury of passengers,
loss or damage to lagguage'
.#at considerations would you #ave loading 6rain?
%#e s#ip must #ave a /ocument of Aut#oriOation, ) will want to $now t#e angle
of repose and o"tain a moisture content certifcate' ) will also #ave to load t#e
cargo in accordance wit# t#e grain Regulations )6Code' %#e s#ip will #ave to "e
uprig#t on departure and #ave a min 6M of 8'?m, prove t#at t#e s#ip will "e
sta"le for t#e w#ole voyage and not list more t#an 72V if cargo s#ifts'
.#at considerations would you #ave loading *crap Metal?
*crap Metal in t#e form of iron swarf, steel swarf, "orings, s#avings or cuttings
are classifed in t#e )M Code of *afe Practice for *olid :ul$ Materials as
materials lia"le to self #eating and to ignite spontaneously' Prior loading temp
not to e-ceed AAEC' *urface %emp to "e ta$en prior, during and after loading
and daily during t#e voyage' After loading material trimmed and compacted' )f
temp during voyage rise to 38Ec ma$e to t#e nearest port' Entry s#ould only "e
made if ventilation is on and wit# :A set' .ater not to "e used at sea' )nert gas
to smoulder fre may "e e>ective' :oundary cooling to "e applied'
.#at considerations would you #ave w#en loading Coal?
Coal #as a #aOardous nature w#ic# may emit 9amma"le gases and "e lia"le to
self #eating'7+ )f temp of coal e-ceeds AAEC t#e cargo s#all not "e accepted for
loading' 2+ *urface ventilation for 7st 2D#rs after departure from loading port, )f
after 2D# mit#ane are "elow 28Ilel ventilation s#all "e closed' )f after 7st 2D#
met#ane is more t#an 28Ilel #old to "e surface ventilated until accepta"le
8
levels are o"tained' ?+ Measures s#all "e conducted on daily "asics and records
$ept' )f car"on mono-ide #ig#er t#an ?8ppm measures s#all "e incresed to
twice daily' )f a rise over ?days or e-ceeds A8ppm master to inform s#ipper'
D+ )f temp e-ceeds DAEC may indicate self #eating and operator must "e
informed' A+ F tan$s adJacent to #olds s#all "e $ept less t#an AAEC'
.#at will you consider w#en loading /angerous 6oods?
A /ocument of Compliance (valid for A years+ is re0uired for a s#ip carrying
/6&s and will outline w#at categories can "e carried and any precautions w#ic#
may "e re0uired to deal wit# an incident suc# as a fre or spillage' :efore
loading any /6&s you must receive a /6 manifest w#ic# will contain@ %#e 5=
num"er, name,0uantity and #ow it is pac$ed'
5sing t#e 5= num"er you can ta$e a loo$ at t#e )M/6 code to ascertain w#ere
to stow it and any precautions t#at must "e ta$en
%#e /oC certifes t#at t#e s#ip meets all t#e fre protection and construction
re0uirements of *!A* c#apter )), will #ave a side elevation of t#e s#ip s#owing
w#ere /6&s can "e carried'
.#at ma$es up t#e )M/6 code?
1!5ME 7 6eneral Provisions, Pac$ing, %raining,
1!5ME 2 %#e /6 !ist identifa"le "y 5= =um"er and =ame'
*5PP!EME=% MFA6 and Emergency Response 6uide
%#ere is a discrepancy "etween t#e Mates and %erminals fgures w#en loading a
cargo?
Clause t#e :ill of !ading and arrange for a surveyor to "ac$ you up wit#
evidence' )deally a servey on "e#alf of owners to conduct draug#t servey prior
and after loading'
.ould you sign a !etter of )ndemnity?
=o "ecause it can "e a fraud on t#e cargo owner, it #as no legal value anyway'
.#ere does t#e Masters power come from?
%#ey come from a 9ag states aut#ority to certify under t#e Merc#ant *#ipping
Act and t#e appointment "y a company to act as t#eir agent' He is responsi"le
for t#e safety of life, safety of navigation and protection of t#e marine
environment and as suc# can "e #eld accounta"le' *!A* CH Q),2 )*M
6ive some e-amples of #ow t#e )*M is used on"oard'
.#en ) Join a s#ip ) can use t#e *M* as a reference to fnd out w#at my
responsi"ilities are, if t#ere is wor$ to "e done ) will "e a"le to see if t#e
company #ave a process to follow, #ave use of Ris$ Assessments and Permits
to .or$' %#e planned maintenance system will #elp me $eep on top of Jo"s' %o
ma$e sure t#at t#ere are enoug# stores, water etc to last a voyage' )f t#ere was
an emergency ) will "e a"le to pull out some c#ec$lists and "e a"le to #ave a
more eKcient response to t#e situation' ) will "e a"le to see if t#e s#ip #as any
non conformity'
Masters duties wit# regards to t#e )*M code, w#at certifcates relate to it?
7' )mplement #ealt#, safety and environmental protection policies
2' Motivate t#e crew in #ealt#, safety and environmental policies'
9
?' %o issue appropriate clear and simple instructions and orders'
D'%o periodically review t#e *M* and report defciencies "ac$ to t#e company'
A'1erify specifc re0uirments of t#e *M* are o"served
C'ver riding responsi"ility F aut#ority in cases of safety F pollution
prevention'
L'A"ility to re0uest company assistance'
A copy of t#e /oC must "e $ept on"oard, Eac# s#ip must #ave a *afety
Management Certifcate' A Minimum *afe Manning /ocument to ensure t#at
t#e s#ip is appropriately manned
.#y was t#e )*M code introduced?
%#e )*M code was introduced to ensure t#at t#ere is a safety culture
t#roug#out a company&s structure' %#e )*M Code is divided in 2 parts 4
PAR% A )MP!EME=%A%)= ("Jectives, Responsi"ility F Policies of s#ipping
company and master, /esignated Person, Preparedness, )nternal Audit,
/ocumentation+'
PAR% : %RA)=)=6 A=/ CER%)F)CA%)= (Certifcation F periodical verifcation,
)nterim Certifcate, 1erifcation, Forms of Certifcates+'
Appendi- 6uidance on implementation for Administrations, wners, /PA,
How to report a near miss'
.#o carries out internal and e-ternal audits? Masters review'
%#e e-ternal audits are carried out "y Flag *tate or an approved independent
auditor and t#e internal audits can "e carried out "y company oKcials
reporting "ac$ to senior management' %#e master s#ould also carry out
periodical reviews (min of 7 per contract or 7 per year+, and report "ac$ to
management'
R)*; A**E**ME=%'
C*.P c#apter 7 M6=28
)dentify #aOards associated wit# t#e individual aspects of a tas$'
Associate t#e ris$s involved in eac# tas$'
/etermine if t#e ris$s are tolera"le and apply control factors if not'
%#e tas$ can t#en "e re,assessed to see if t#e tas$ is safe to carry out'
)*M , any operation carried out for t#e frst time s#ould "e ris$ assessed "efore
"eing put into place, it is a continuous process'
)t is a proactive measure to preempt and prevent an accident from occurring'
)t is in our interests as master to ensure t#at ris$ assessments are carried out
E-plain your #andover to t#e ne-t Master
) would give #im time to read t#e written #andover notes and clarify any
tec#nical points
) would ensure t#at t#e contents of t#e safe WcodeX (medicineMcas#+ are
#anded over and account for all certifcates, "ringing to #is attention any
upcoming surveys, conditions of class' ) would give an overview of t#e s#ips
sc#edule and #ig#lig#t any concerns wit# t#e pending voyage'
10
) would wal$ around t#e s#ip wit# my relief and inform #im of any issues or
points of interest a"out t#e s#ip, personally introducing #im w#ere possi"le to
crew'
) would ta$e #im onto t#e "ridge and answer any of #is concerns a"out t#e
"ridge e0uipment'
) would "rief #im on any particularly sensitive issues relating to s#ips "usiness
and give #im a run down on t#e a"ilities of t#e "ridge oKcers'
)M*:C Code
*ection 7 , *afety, Precautions, trimming, angles of repose, *ecurity, individual
cargo info'
*upplement , :!5 code and :!5 manual (for terminal+ , procedures "etween
"ot# to load
*afe !oading and 5nloading of :ul$ Carriers Regulations, !oading Plan, !oading
Manual'''?
)nternational Maritime *olid :ul$ Cargoes ()M*:C+ Code, w#ic# "ecame
mandatory on <anuary 7, 2877, under t#e *!A* Convention is t#e main
legislation governing safe carriage of solid "ul$ cargoes' )t categorises cargoes
into t#ree groups@
.r'p A 4 cargoes w#ic# may li0uefy if s#ipped at a moisture content
e-ceeding t#eir %ransporta"le Moisture !imit (%M!+'
.r'p / 4 cargoes w#ic# possess a c#emical #aOard w#ic# could give rise to a
dangerous situation on a s#ip'
.r'p C 4 cargoes w#ic# are neit#er lia"le to li0uefy (6roup A+ nor possess
c#emical #aOards (6roup :+' Cargoes in t#is group can still "e #aOardous'
%#e s#ipper must provide t#e Master wit# valid, up,to,date information a"out
t#e cargo&s p#ysical and c#emical properties' %#e e-act information and
documentation t#ey must provide is listed in t#e Code under YAssessment of
accepta"ility of consignments for safe s#ipmentB Provision of )nformation&, and
includes t#e correct :ul$ Cargo *#ipping =ame and a declaration t#at t#e cargo
information is correct'
#a%ing 0&an.:efore loading or unloading, t#e Master and t#e terminal
representative must agree a !oading Plan to ensure t#at t#e permissi"le forces
and moments on t#e s#ip are not e-ceeded' .#at t#is Plan s#ould include is
detailed in t#e Code of Practice for t#e *afe !oading and 5nloading of :ul$
Carriers (t#e :!5 Code+
#a%ing Man'a&. 7+ loading conditions on w#ic# t#e design of t#e #ull #as
"een "ased, include permissi"le limits of still water s#ear force F "ending
moments' 2+ results of calculating t#e *.*F F *.:M for eac# loading
condition' ?+ allowa"le local loading of t#e structure' D+ operational limits'
Enclosed *pace Entry'
Ris$ Assessment review, Permit to .or$ issued and tool"o- tal$ prior entry'
)solate any electrics and "lan$ all pipes' )nform . and E. and esta"lis#
communications'
1entilate area in advance, ensure safe access and eda0uate lig#ting' *top
ventilation for 78min, %est for #ydrocar"ons, gasses and o-ygen 28,27I
o-ygen level to enter a tan$
Responsi"le person to stay at entrance wit# rescue and resuscitation
e0uipment' 1entilation to "e continuosly on during t#e entry' Area to "e
11
retested during wor$ and after any "ra$es' Enclosed space closed or sealed
from entry w#en wor$ is not "eing done'
Pro#i"ition notices and )mprovement notices
,An improvement notice is a demand "y portM9ag state to c#ange a process to
ma$e it safer or to comply closer to regulations'
,A pro#i"ition notice is a demand to stop an unsafe practice "eing carried out
until it can "e rectifed
Correcting a se-tant
Perpendicularity 4 inde- error not perpendicular to t#e plane of t#e se-tant'
Clamp arm #alf way along arc, remove telescope, loo$ into inde- error, o"serve
true F re9ected arc, if not in line error e-ist' AdJust screw at rear of inde- error
until true F re9ectivearcs are "roug#t toget#er'
*ide Error 4 #oriOontal mirror not "eing perpendicular to t#e plane of se-tant'
*et inde- arm at 8 #old se-tant Just of #oriOontal position, loo$ t#roug#
telescope at true and re9ected #oriOon, if misaligned side error e-ist' AdJust
screw furt#er from t#e plane at "ac$ of #oriOontal mirror to "ring #oriOon in line
)nde- Error 4 inde- mirror and #oriOon not "eing out of parallel to eac# ot#er
wit# inde- arm set to 8' Hold se-t in vertical position and o"serve t#e line of
t#e true and refracted #oriOon' )f "ro$en an adJustment needed' %urn screw
nearest to plane of instrument'
/oes a ris$ of collision always e-ist if t#e "earing is steady?
=ot if t#e vessel is getting furt#er away'
*ta"ility , 2 of t#e same vessels wit# di>erent free"oards
A vessel wit# more free"oard #as a larger range of sta"ility and will #ave to "e
#eeled over more to capsiOe and so is more sta"le
.=A is applica"le to w#at vessels?
1essel&s less t#an 788m in t#e .=A area
/ry /oc$ing
:efore entering t#e doc$ you must fnd out t#e angle of declivity of t#e doc$
and ensure t#at t#ere is minimal trim "y t#e stern to ensure t#at t#e critical
period is as s#ort as possi"le' Force P Z %rim - MC%C
!CF
,%#e critical moment occurs Just as t#e vessel is a"out to ta$e to t#e "loc$s and
force P is upt#rust or a calculation of t#e loss of 6M'
,%#e critical period is t#e time from ta$ing t#e "loc$s aft to w#en t#e "ow
ma$es contact
Minimum *ta"ility Re0uirements
Area under t#e 6S curve must #ave area of 8'8AAMRA/ from 8V , ?8V
8'8G MRA/ from 8V , D8V
8'8? MRA/ from ?8V , D8V
Ma- 6S must "e at least 8'2m and must occur at an angle of ?8V P
6M must "e at least 8'7Am for a cargo s#ip
8'7m for a tim"er s#ip
8'?m for a grain s#ip (7 MRA/ Z
AL'?V+
12
E-plain t#e Analysis or %entative met#od of correcting a compass
Ana&,$i$
*wing compass to fnd a Magnetic "earing or use a %rue "earing of a c#arted
conspicuous mar$' 5se "earings to fnd deviation on t#e 3 cardinal'
: is corrected wit# H) red end in for a PP s#ip, "lue in for a ,P s#ip
C is corrected wit# H) red to st"d for a PR s#ip, :lue to st"d for a ,R s#ip
/ is corrected "y moving t#e *) sp#eres out if sum is P and in if ,
Tentati+e S-ing.
Find d on . #eading, correct using H) F F A mags
Find d on = #eading, correct using H) At#wart mags
Find d on =E #eading, correct using *) sp#eres
Find d on E #eading, correct for HA!F d
Find d on * #eading, correct for HA!F d
Find d on *. #eading, correct for HA!F d
Swing compass to fnd residual COEF and constract a deviation card.
%#e Code of Conduct
Merc#ant seamen must a"ide "y t#e Merc#ant Code of Conduct as soon #e is
signed on t#e articles' Also #e must a"ide to any additional clauses attac#ed to
t#e articles'
O1en$e$ 2 $eri'$ 3reach ! the c%e
Assault,deso"ey a lawfull comand,sleeping w#ile on duty,/rug or Alco#ol, to
#ave an "oard an o>ensive weapon, /amage to s#ip or any property, %#eft,
How to deal wit# t#is?
7' /eal wit# t#is as soon as possi"le
2' Convene a formal #earing
?' Advise accused t#at t#ey may "e accompanied "y a friend
D' )nform seafarer of alleged "reac# as$ if t#ey admit or deny
A' !isten to statements and evidence
6.Ma$e a Judgment of guilty or not guilty
L' 6ive a formal warning'
)F 65)!%N@ )ssue formal warning, written warning or dismissal,RECR/ )= !:
O1en$e$ 2 &e$$er 3reach ! the c%e
5nsatisfactory wor$ performance, poor time $eeping, o>ensive "e#aviour
6)1E )=FRMA! .AR=)=6 , ver"ally from any oKcer, if Captain is informed no
record is re0uired, not recorded in !:'
FRMA! .AR=)=6 , )ssued "y Ho/, record on company disciplinary document
if re0&d "ut not in t#e !:
A/1)*E *EAFARER = C=*ER5E=CE* F F5R%HER :REACH'
How long is t#e *#ip *anitisation Certifcate 1alid for? And w#at does it
certifes?
1alid for Cmont#s, it covers, 7'Management and treatment of pota"le water
system, 2' Food safety systems, ?' Pest Control, D' Arrangments M
/ocuments for sanitary facilities, A' Management F %retment of swimming
pools Mspas, C' Medical log F medicines certifcate, L' )nspection of last
*anitation certifcate, 3' Filled in maritime decleration of #ealt#'
How many life"oats must a passenger s#ip #ave?
13
Passenger s#ips on international voyages must #ave life"oats for A8I of total
num"er of persons on eac# side'(788I two sides toget#er+ in addition rigid
liferafts to accomodate 2AI of total num"er of passengers' %otal life"oats and
liferaft for 72AI'
.#at ot#er documents must passenger s#ips carry?
A searc# and rescue co,operation plan wit# appropriate searc# and rescue
services in any event of an emergency' And a /ecision support system for t#e
Master'
.#at is a /ecision *upport *ystem?
A /ecision *upport *ystem for all passenger s#ips to "e availa"le on t#e
"ridge' Must as a minimum #ave printed set of emergency plans for all
foreseea"le emergencies, would include , fre, damage, pollution, 9ooding,
manover"aord, agroand'
.#at is Crowd Control
According to t#e *%C. Convention and t#e H*C Code, all crew mem"ers
on"oard roro passenger ferries s#ould "e trained in Crowd Management, i'e' to
control and e>ectively evacuate t#e passengers in case of an emergency.
Contents of t#e cargo securing manual?
)n s#ips wit# ro,ro spaces all cargoes must "e secured in accordance wit# a
cargo securing manual w#ic# must "e approved "y t#e Administration or on
:e#alf "y R' As per solas C# 1) F 1)) regulation A
.#en must a Cruise *#ip "e )nclined?
.#en "uilt, every A years and if t#e lig#ts#ip condition #as c#anged "y more
t#an 2I
ARPA performance standards and associated errors? Res A'D22(Q)+
%arget ac0uisition may "e manual or automatic'A"le to simultaniosly trac$,
process, desplay updated information on at least a+ 28 targets if automatic
ac0uisition is provided, "+ 78 targets if only manual e0uisition is provided'
/esplay may "e seperated or integral part of t#e radar, #owever ARPA desplay
s#ould include all data re0uired to "e provided "y a radar desplay' )f ARPA
mulfunction it s#ould not e>ect t#e "asic radar presentation' Capa"le of
operating on relative motion F true motion, wit# =ort# 5p, Head 5p, Course up'
%argets s#ould "e desplayed in vector F grap#ic form in true or relative
vectors' Capa"le to warn o"server wit# visual F audi"le alarms for targets
predicted to close wit#in a min range F time c#oosen' n re0ust following
information immediately availa"le, 7+ range, 2+"earing, ?+CPA, D+%CPA, A+true
course, C+true speed' Capa"le of trial manoeuvre F performance tests and
warnings'
.#at are EC/)* Carriage re0uirments?
14
Prior <uly 287D t#e following s#all "e complianat, new passenger over A88gt,
new tan$ers over ?888gt, new cargo s#ips a"ove 78888gt' :y <uly 287D
e-isting Passenger *#ips over A88gt and new cargo s#ips over ?888gt' Eit#er to
ft a dual or single EC/)*' )f dual system must comply wit# demands of 9ag
state, if single paper c#arts to "e $ept as "ac$ up' C#arts must "e vector type
E=C' Electronic =avig C#arts'
.#at does sea clutter do?
)t turns down t#e gain wit#in a certain distance to suppress t#e overload of
return from roug# seas so care must "e ta$en not to reduce it too muc#
.#at would "e t#e Masters /iscretion for *afe =avigation voyage? (solas 1 reg
?D+
7 Prior to proceeding to sea, t#e master s#all ensure t#at t#e intended voyage
#as "een planned using t#e appropriate nautical c#arts and nautical
pu"lications for t#e area concerned'
2 %#e voyage plan s#all identify a route w#ic#@
'7 ta$es into account any relevant s#ipsU routeing systemsB
'2 ensures suKcient sea room for t#e safe passage of t#e s#ip t#roug#out t#e
voyageB
'? anticipates all $nown navigational #aOards and adverse weat#er conditionsB
'D ta$es into account t#e marine environmental protection measures t#at
apply,
.#at Pu"lications is a s#ip re0uired to carry? M*C,MEPC'2MCirc'2
*olas, Marpol, !!, Colreg F *%C.' =ot mandatory "ut good for safety related
training'
)nternational code of *ignals, )amsar Manual for use in case of emergency'
(Hard copy+
*olas A reg 2L 4 C#arts, *ailing /irections, !ist of !ig#ts, !ist of Radio signals,
Annual =otice to Mariners, %ide ta"les'
t#er Pu"lications 4 )*M Code' t#er pu""lications depend on s#ip type'
.#at is M6= CG?
)t is guidance on t#e Conduct of ral E-ams ,) will "e e-amined under *ylla"us
A , /EC;
Nou ma$e a mista$e in t#e !: #ow would you correct it?
:y putting a line t#roug# it and sign ne-t to it'
.#at is in t#e C*.P?
*ection 7 , *afety Responsi"ilitiesM*#ip"oard Management
*ection 2 , Personal Healt# and *afety
*ection ? , .or$ Activities
*ection D , *pecialist *#ips
.#at is a C#arter Party?
A document containing t#e e-press terms of an agreement for t#e c#arter of a
s#ip' Could "e a 1oyage c#arter from one named place to anot#er' A %ime
C#arter from a specifc date to anot#er specifc date could "e years or mont#s'
15
:are"oat C#arter a lease of t#e vessel for an agreed period w#ic# c#arterer
ac0uire most rig#ts of t#e owner'
.#at would "e di>erent on a time c#arter?
%#e owners still operate t#e s#ip tec#nically "ut not commercially' C#arterer
will pay for fuel and port c#arges' %#e c#arterer may want t#e s#ip to maintain
logs, t#e c#arterer will sc#edule t#e s#ip and so t#e master will ta$e certain
orders from t#e c#arterer not t#e owner' %#e captain must always prosecute
t#e voyage wit# utmost dispatc#'
.#at would you refer to if you #ad to load a #eavy lift?
A !oad /ensity Plan to see if t#ere is suKcient strengt# in t#e dec$'
How would you ensure a safe loo$out?
M6= ?7A $eeping a safe navigational watc#
,Have a dedicated separate loo$out
,Have a dedicated separate #elmsman
,Have a suita"ly competent and 0ualifed .
,Ensure all are well rested and a"le to maintain a watc#
.#at are t#e Principals of .atc#$eeping? *%C. C#apter 3
A% *EA , Fitness for /uty, Properly Certifed, Protection of t#e environment,
Proper !oo$out, Appropriate levels of manning, E>ective Handover, Monitor
Progress, Proper 1oyage Plan, Continuous Radio .atc#
A% A=CHR , *tate of Readiness, Regular Rounds, *ecurity, .eat#erM%idal
)nformation
Proper !oo$out
)= PR% , *afe /ec$MCargo perations, *afe Access, *ecurity, *ecure Moorings,
=otice of Readiness, .eat#er, !ocal Regulations
.#at are you o"ligations towards your crew?
5nder t#e Merc#ant *#ipping Act and *!A*, )*M t#e Captain is to preserve t#e
safety of t#e crew, passengers, s#ip and cargo' %o save and preserve life at
sea'
*alvage wit# !F , Asses t#e predicament "efore entering into a salvage
agreement
= C5RE = PAN , t#e vessel must "e saved to receive compensation'
*CP)C can "e claimed if unsuccessful "ut t#is will only "e to cover costs'
Any award will "e determined "y ar"itration #aving ta$en a vessel to a safe
port
.#at are t#e Principles of *afe Manning? A3G8(27+'
Maintaining a safe watc# "ridge and engine'
Mooring and un,mooring t#e s#ip
Managing t#e safety functions w#en stationary or nearly stationary
%o "e a"le to protect t#e environment
%o "e a"le to minimiOe fre ris$s
%o "e a"le to perform medical care
%o "e a"le to carry out cargo operations
16
%o "e a"le to close and maintain t#e s#ips watertig#t doors
%o "e a"le to use and maintain t#e s#ips fre fg#ting e0uipment
%o use and maintain t#e s#ips propulsion necessary to complete t#e voyage
All of t#e a"ove will ta$e into account t#e siOe of t#e s#ip, trading route,
construction, propulsion type and t#e cargo s#e is carrying'
.#at must "e issued to a s#ip t#at wants to #ave a paperless c#art folio?
A !etter of E0uivalency'
)M EC/)* re0uirements'
%ype approved software, %ype approved #ardware, wit# approved installation,
%ype approved E=C&s from an approved supplier, Must "e connected to 5P* and
#ave a "ac$up
.#o are t#e )M
%#ey are a specialist "ody of t#e 5= w#ic# deal specifcally wit# maritime
interests
.#at is t#e di>erence "etween an )nspection and a *urvey
An )nspection is generally unannounced and a survey is planned, ending in t#e
issue of a certifcate'
.#at is !!ER?
%#e !ifting perations and !ifting E0uipment Register
.#at does t#e Crew Agreement contain? M!C288C
%#e persons "etween w#o t#e agreement is made, %#e description of t#e
voyage wit#in geograp#ical limit, %#e capacity in w#ic# t#e seaman is to "e
employed, Pay, leave, Repatriation, Rig#ts and duties of t#e parties,
Circumstances to w#ic# t#e agreement can "e terminated "y eit#er party
.#at are t#e duties of t#e Captain?
%o ensure t#e safety of t#e s#ip t#e people on"oard, cargo and t#e protection
of t#e marine environment' He is t#e companies agent and is to o"ey t#eir
lawful instruction' %o prosecute t#e voyage wit# minimum delay and cost'
Responsi"le for manning, )!, certifcation, 6M/**, and )ncident reporting etc'
.#at
.#en would you note protest?
A master must note protest after every case of general average, after wind
FMor sea conditions "een encountered w#ic# may #ave damage to cargo or
delayed t#e voyage, after cargo is s#ipped in a condition li$ely to deteriorate
during fort#coming voyage, after s#ip #as "een damaged from any cause, after
serious "reac# of t#e c#arter party "y t#e c#arterer or #is agent, after a
consignee fails to desc#arge'
.#y would you note protest?
%o su"mit a formal statment to protect t#e s#ipowner&s legal position' Protect
owners lia"ility'
17
.#at are t#e ? principles of insurance?
7')ndemnity 4 to ma$e good of loss su>ered "y fnancial payment, ie'
Compensation' 1alue of s#ip or cargo are valued at commencment of ris$ and
t#e insurer uses t#at value to determine t#e payment to t#e assured'
2')nsura"le )nterest 4 Assured must #ave legal relations#ip to t#e su"Ject
insured and must stand to "enift "y its preservation'
?'5tmost good Fait# 4 #onesty in declaring t#e facts a"out t#e su"Ject matter
to "e insured
.#at $ind of insurance policies s#ips normally #ave on "oard?
7'Hull F Mac#inery (HFM+ covers against a+actual total loss or construction loss
of s#ips #ull, mac#inery F e0uipment, "+accidental damage to s#ips #ull ,
mac#iney F e0uipment, c+ [ of #is lia"ility to owners of ot#er vessels (t#eir
cargo+ wit# w#ic# s#ip collides (collision lia"ility+, d+lia"ility for general
everage, e+lia"ility for salvage c#arges'
2'Protection F )ndemnity (PF)+ covers against a+cargo claims, "+crew claims,
c+collision lia"ility, d+damage to f-ed and 9oating o"Jects, e+?rd party
inJuryMdeat# claims, f+oil pollution lia"ility, g+special compensation paya"le to
salvors, #+fnes for innocent "reac# of regulation, i+diversion F ot#er e-penses
incured in landing refugees, sic$ people, stowaways, J+contractual lia"ility
iclude t#ose of costomary towage, $+wrec$ removal cost'
.#at $ind of towage contracts may a s#ip master wor$ wit#?
%#ere are ? main types of towage contracts, t#ese are *tandards for towage
and ot#er service used for all general day to day towage operations in ports'
%owcon is an international towage contract for a lumpsum' %ow#ire is a towage
contract for a daily rate'
.#at are your duties w#en pilot arrives on your vessel?
/uties of t#e master w#en pilot comes on "oard are to #ave t#e H 9ag s#own,
introduce myself as t#e master, give pilot information on pilot card and location
of e0uipment or radar for #is desposal, ascertain pilot intentions and agree t#e
conning plan wit# #im, ensure . $eep monitoring t#e progress w#ile under
pilotage'
.#at is your relations#ip as a Master wit# t#e Pilot?
*#ould follow pilot advice unless reason to "elive t#at following #is advice will
endanger my s#ip, *ee t#at t#e s#ip navigation is monitored as if no pilot on
"oard, )nsist t#at pilot ta$es all reasona"le precations, Ensure t#at . and
#elmsman attend to pilot re0uest, *tate my openions to t#e pilot on important
matters of navigation F manovering and warn pilot if it appears to me pilot is
ta$ing action w#ic# ) disapprove'
18