Sample Task (All)

IELTS Graph #62
The chart shows the division of household tasks by gender in Great Britain. Write a
report for a university lecture describing the information shown below. You should
write at least 150 words.

Source: Office for National Statistics on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's
Stationery Office.
Study these three sentences and then write three similar sentences about other
parts of the chart.

1 Women spend over twice as much time doing kitchen tasks as men.
2 Men spend 30 minutes a day doing kitchen tasks whereas / while women spend 74
minutes a day.
3 Women are more active in the kitchen than men (74 minutes a day for women as
opposed to 30 minutes for men).
The chart shows the average number of minutes per day men and women in Great
Britain spend on jobs around the house.

In total, men spend just over two-and-a-half hours on household tasks whereas
women spend slightly less than four hours. Women spend more than twice as much
time doing kitchen tasks such as cooking and washing up as men (74 minutes for
women as opposed to 30 minutes for men. Women are also more active in cleaning
the house- it takes 58 minutes of their day compared to / with 13 minutes for men -
and childcare, where women put in more than twice as much time as men.

On the other hand, men are more active in gardening and pet care, where they
spend twice as long as women, and maintenance and DIY, on which they spend 15
minutes more than women. Women account for almost all the time spent on
washing and ironing clothes. This takes them 25 minutes, while / whereas men
spend just 2 minutes on this task.

Overall the figures show that women spend more time on routine domestic chores
than men, while / whereas men do more household maintenance, gardening and
pet care.

IELTS Graph #61
The chart shows student expenditure over a three-year period in the United
Kingdom.
Write a report for a university lecture describing the information shown below.
You should write at least 150 words.
Student expenditure (aged under 26 in higher education) United Kingdom*

Percentage of total expenditure
(1) includes non-essential consumer items and credit repayments
* Source: Student Income and Expenditure Survey. Department for Education and
Employment.
Study these three sentences and then write three similar sentences about other
parts of the chart.

1 During the period 1996 to 1999, student spent 3% less on accommodation, which
fell from 23% to 20% of total expenditure.
2 There was a 3% decrease in spending on accommodation, which fell from 23% to
20%.
3 Spending on accommodation went down by 3% from 23% to 20%.
Using prepositions
Complete the following sample report by putting a preposition in each space.

The chart shows the changes which took place in student spending in the United
Kingdom during/over the three-year period from 1996 to 1999.

Students spent 3% less on accommodation, which fell from 23% to 20% of total
expenditure, and there was a 2% decrease in spending on food, bills and household
goods, which fell from 20% to 18%. At the same time course expenditure went down
by 3% from 10% to 7%. Children, who constituted 1% of students' expenditure in
1996, are not represented in 1999.

On the other hand, there was a 5% growth in spending on entertainment, which
stood at 26% of total expenditure in 1996 but rose to 31% in 1999. Spending on
other non-essential items and credit repayments grew by 4% to make up 16% of
total expenditure. Spending on essential travel went up by 3% while non-essential
travel underwent a 1% fall.

Overall, with the exception of expenditure on travel, the most significant general
change was a shift from/in spending on essential items to spending on non-essential
items.
IELTS Graph #60
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the
1990s.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the changes which occurred.
Write at least 150 words.

model answer:
The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980
and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the
same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear power,
which doubled its percentage over the ten years.

Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased
from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal in 1990 was the second largest source of
energy, increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade. Natural
gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to
provide 25% of Americas energy ten years later. There was no change in the
percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total
energy used. Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of
the 1980s.

IELTS Graph #59
The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different
areas.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

model answer:
The three graphs of wheat exports each show a quite different pattern between
1985 and 1990. Exports from Australia declined over the five-year period, while the
Canadian market fluctuated considerably, and the European Community showed an
increase.

In 1985, Australia exported about 15 millions of tonnes of wheat and the following
year the number increased by one million tonnes to 16 million. After that, however,
there was a gradual decline until 1989 and 1990 when it stabilised at about 11
million tonnes. Over the same period, the amount of Canadian exports varied
greatly. It started at 19 million tonnes in 1985, reached a peak in 1988 of 24 million,
dropped dramatically in 1989 to 14 million tonnes and then climbed back to 19
million in 1990. Seventeen million tonnes were exported from the European
Community in 1985, but this decreased to 14 million tonnes in 1986 and then rose to
15 million in 1987 and 1988 before increasing once more to 20 million in 1990.
IELTS Graph #58
The flowchart illustrates the production of coloured plastic paper clips in a small
factory.

Write a report for a university tutor describing the production process.

There are four main stages in the production of plastic paper clips from this small
factory. Two of these stages involve actual preparation of the clips, while the other
two consist of quality control before the clips are sent out from the factory to the
retailers to be sold to the public.

To begin with, molten plastic is poured into three different moulds depending on the
colour required; the colours are red, blue and yellow. Once these clips emerge from
the moulds a quality control machine checks them for strength. Unsatisfactory clips
are rejected. In the third stage in the process the clips are stored by hand into two
groups, mixed and single colours. When this stage is complete the groups are
checked a second time to ensure that the colour mixtures are divided correctly into
single colours and mixed colour batches. Finally, the clips are packed and dispatched
to the markets.
(152 words)
IELTS Graph #57
The table below give information about Favorite Pastimes in different countries.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
From 30 - 50 years old
TV Sport Reading Hobbies Music Beach Sleep
Canada 60 22 15 40 3 0 2
France / / 30 20 4 / /
England / / 30 21 4 / 20
Australia 65 30 15 45 5 30 4
Korea 22 21 60 45 2 2 4
China 15 25 60 50 0 5 5
USA 60 23 15 42 23 30 2
Japan / / 62 / / / /
model answer:
This table clearly presents and compares favorable pastimes in eight different
countries. The pastimes, across the top of the table, are analyzed in relation to each
country.

As can be seen, about 60% of Canadians, Australians and Americans like watching
television. On the other hand, this figure is quite low for China where only 15% of
people watch television. Predictably, Americans like music at 23%, whereas only 2 to
5% of people in the other countries feel the same way. 20% of people in England
enjoy sleeping as a pastime whereas in Canada and the USA, for example, the figure
is only 2%. Interestingly, the Chinese like hobbies the most at 50%, as opposed to
only 20% in France. It isnt surprising that the highest percentage of beach-lovers is
in Australia and the USA at 30%.

It seems that pastimes of people of different nationalities may be influenced by a
number of factors such as the socio-economic situation or the climate. These factors
influence cultural differences between different nationalities and make cross-
cultural experiences more interesting.
(175 words)

IELTS Graph #56

model answer:
In this analysis we will examine three pie charts. The first one is headed World
Spending. The second is World Population and the third is Consumption of
Resources.

In the first chart we can see that people spend most of their income (24%) on food.
In some countries this percentage would obviously be much higher. Transport and
then housing are the next major expenses at 18% and 12% respectively. Only 6% of
income is spent on clothing.

In the second chart entitled World Population, it is not surprising to find that 57%
of people live in Asia. In fact China and India are two of the most populated
countries in the world and they are both situated on this continent. Europe and the
Americans account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of people live in Africa.

Finally, the third chart reveals that the USA and Europe consume a huge 60% of the
worlds resource.

To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are the highest
for Asia and the major consumers are the USA and Europe.

The tables below give information about the amount of beer and fruit juice
consumed per person per year in different countries.

Beer
Country Amount*
1 Ireland 155 litres
2 Germany 119 litres
3 Austria 106 litres
4 Belgium 98 litres
5 Denmark 98 litres
6 United
Kingdom
97 litres
7 Australia 89 litres
8 United States 85 litres
9 Netherlands 80 litres
10 Finland 79 litres

Fruit juice
Country Amount*
1 Canada 52.6 litres
2 United States 42.8 litres
3 Germany 38.6 litres
4 Austria 37.3 litres
5 Sweden 35.5 litres
6 Australia 34.4 litres
7 Finland 33 litres
8 United
Kingdom
29.3 litres
9 Netherlands 28.1 litres
10 New Zealand 24.8 litres

*Litres per person per year
model answer:
The tables show the amount of beer and fruit juice consumed per person per year in
countries around the world. Beer is most popular in Ireland, with the average Irish
drinking 155 litres per year. Germany ranks second with 119 litres per person. In
fact, the top six countries in terms of consumption of beer are all European.
Australia and The United States come next in seventh and eighth positions, with
Netherland and Finland consuming the least beer of the countries mentioned.
Finnish people only drink an average of 79 litres of beer a year.

The country which consumes by the greatest quantity of fruit juice per capita is
Canada. Canadians drink an average of 52.6 litres each a year, thats almost double
the consumption of New Zealand, which is placed at the bottom of the table.
Another North American country, The United States, come second in the table, while
German drinkers are ranked at number three, consuming an average of 38.6 litres
annually. Swedes drink approximately the same quantity of fruit juice as Australians,
which is 35.5 litres per year. The Finnish and the British drink 33 and 29.3 litres per
year respectively.
(194 words)
The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992.


model answer 1:
The graph shows the percentage of audiences over 4 yes old of UK follows the radio
and television throughout the day during the period October-December 1992. It has
been observed from the graph that less than 10% audiences follows the radio at
6:00 am and the percentage raised to a pick around 30% at 8AM and decline
gradually to around 10% during the period 200 to 400 Pm and again raised a bi t to
around 12% between 400 to 600 PM. It then again dropped to below 10% at
around 10PM. The rate again raised to a bit between 1000 PM to 1200 PM and
then dropped slowly by 400 AM. On the other hand, the rate of television audiences
raises 0-10% during the period 600 to 800 am and remain steady up to 1 0AM and
then gradually goes down by 1200 noon. The percentage raised dramatically to
around 15% by 200 noon. The percentage raised dramatically goes down by 1200
noon. The percentage raised dramatically to around 15% by 200 PM which again
raised to a pick above 40% between 600-800 PM and then gradually dropped
between the period 1200 PM to 400 AM.
(197 words)
EXAMINERS EXPLANATION

Band 6

The answer has an appropriate introduction which the candidate has attempted to
express in his/her own words. There is good coverage of the data and a brief
reference to contrasting trends. The answer can be followed although it is rather
repetitive and cohesive devices are overused. In order to gain a higher mark for
content, the candidate would be expected to select the salient features of the graph
and comment primarily on these. Sentences are long but lack complexity. There are
some errors in tense, verb form and spelling which interfere slightly with the flow of
the answer.
model answer 2:
The blue graph shows the television audiences throughout the day. It shows that the
percentage of audiences is three percent in early morning but it gradually rises unto
ten percent at 8:00 am and maintains the same for the next two hours. There is a
slight fall in percentage in next two hours however after that it raises sharp unto
twenty percent within the next two hours. After this the graph rises very fast and
attains its peak at 10 pm which is about forty five percent. The graph gradually falls
down and at 2:00 am it is at five percent. The red graph shows the percentage for
radio audiences. Unlike the television one the peak percentage of the radio
audiences is at 8:00 am which is about 30 percent. Then it gradually falls and it
corresponds with the television one at two pm. After that it gradually falls but with a
small increase in percentage at 4:30 to 6:00 pm. The percentage of audience then
gradually goes down and at four AM it is the lowest which is near 2 percent. These
graphs prove the progressive popularity of television.
(191 words)

Band 7

The answer deals well with both the individual media trends and the overall
comparison of these trends. The opening could be more fully developed with the
inclusion of information relating to the groups studied and the period of time during
which the study took place. There is a good variety of cohesive devices and the
message can be followed quite easily although the expression is sometimes a little
clumsy. Structures are complex and vocabulary is varied but there are errors in word
forms, tense and voice though these do not impede communication.

The chart below shows the number of men and women in further education in
Britain in three periods and whether they were studying fulltime or part-time.


model answer 1:
This is a bar chart of the number of men and women in further education in Britain
in three periods. In 1970, Most of Men were studying part-time but from 1980,
studying part-time as decreased and studying full-time was increased and in 1990, it
was twice as many students as in 1970. On the other hand, Women studying Full-
time were increased and not only Full-time, part-time also were increased. In 1990,
studying full-time was three times as many students as in 1970. If compare Men and
Women, as you see, in 1970, Men were studying more than women full-time or
part-time but it changed from 1980 and then, in 1990, Women were studying part-
time more than Men and studying full-time was same number.

It shows you women has a high education now.
(132 words)

Band 5

The length of the answer is just acceptable. There is a good attempt to describe the
overall trends but the content would have been greatly improved if the candidate
had included some reference to the figures given on the graph. Without these, the
reader is lacking some important information. The answer is quite difficult to follow
and there are some punctuation errors that cause confusion. The structures are
fairly simple and efforts to produce more complex sentences are not successful.
model answer 2:
According to this graph, the number of men and women in farther education in
Britain shows that following pattern.
In the case of male, the number of male has declined slightly from about 100
thousands in 1970/71 to about 850 thousands in 1990/91. However, this figure rose
back to about 850 thousands in 1990/91 from about 820 thousands in 1980/81. The
proportion of full-time education has declined during this period. However, the
proportion of part-time education has increased dramatically.
On the other hand, in the case of female, the number of both full-time education
and part-time education has increased during the period.
From about 700 thousands in 1970/71, these figures rose to about 820 thousands in
1980/81, to about 1100 thousands in 1990/91.
In terms of full-time education, this figure rose by about 260 to about 900 in
1990/91.
On the other hand, with respect to part-time education, this figure rose dramatically
between 1980/81 and 1970/71. However this figure rose slightly between 1980/81
and 1990/91.
(165 words)

Band 6

The candidate has made a good attempt to describe the graphs looking at global
trends and more detailed figures. There is, however, some information missing and
the information is inaccurate in minor areas. The answer flows quite smoothly
although connectives are overused or inappropriate, and some of the points do not
link up well. The grammatical accuracy is quite good and the language used to
describe the trends is well-handled. However, there are problems with expression
and the appropriate choice of words and whilst there is good structural control, the
complexity and variation in the sentences are limited.
The chart below shows the proportions of the worlds oil resources held in
different areas, together with the proportions consumed annually in the same
areas.

The charts shows the oil resources held, together with the proportions consumed
within the same area each year, in different areas of the world.

It is obvious that the region holding the most oil resources is the Middle East, with
56.52%, over a half of total world oil resources while in the United States and Asia,
the level of oil consumed each year is for more away from the oil resources they
hold. The percentage of total world oil consumption of United States and Asia are
25.48% and 26.21% respectively. They are the highest oil consumption region in the
world.

Another place that is worth mentioned will be the Western Europe. With about
twenty percent of total world oil consumption, the Western Europe merely holds
less than 1.5% of the oil resources in the World.

Regions that are not mentioned above have the close percentage between oil
holding and consuming whereas Canada has the highest level of oil holding than
consuming, the respective figures are 14.84% and 2.48%.

Overall, the charts suggest that Middle East is the only majority at oil resources held,
while Asia, United States and western have the highest level at oil resources
imported.
(197 words)

The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the
1990s.


model answer:
The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980
and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the
same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear power,
which doubled its percentage over the ten years.

Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased
from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal in 1990 was the second largest source of
energy, increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade. Natural
gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to
provide 25% of Americas energy ten years later. There was no change in the
percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total
energy used. Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of
the 1980s.
(152 words)

The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different
areas.


model answer:
The three graphs of wheat exports each show a quite different pattern between
1985 and 1990. Exports from Australia declined over the five-year period, while the
Canadian market fluctuated considerably, and the European Community showed an
increase.

In 1985, Australia exported about 15 millions of tonnes of wheat and the following
year the number increased by one million tonnes to 16 million. After that, however,
there was a gradual decline until 1989 and 1990 when it stabilised at about 11
million tonnes. Over the same period, the amount of Canadian exports varied
greatly. It started at 19 million tonnes in 1985, reached a peak in 1988 of 24 million,
dropped dramatically in 1989 to 14 million tonnes and then climbed back to 19
million in 1990. Seventeen million tonnes were exported from the European
Community in 1985, but this decreased to 14 million tonnes in 1986 and then rose to
15 million in 1987 and 1988 before increasing once more to 20 million in 1990.

The flowchart illustrates the production of coloured plastic paper clips in a small
factory.

Write a report for a university tutor describing the production process.

model answer:
There are four main stages in the production of plastic paper clips from this small
factory. Two of these stages involve actual preparation of the clips, while the other
two consist of quality control before the clips are sent out from the factory to the
retailers to be sold to the public.

To begin with, molten plastic is poured into three different moulds depending on the
colour required; the colours are red, blue and yellow. Once these clips emerge from
the moulds a quality control machine checks them for strength. Unsatisfactory clips
are rejected. In the third stage in the process the clips are stored by hand into two
groups, mixed and single colours. When this stage is complete the groups are
checked a second time to ensure that the colour mixtures are divided correctly into
single colours and mixed colour batches. Finally, the clips are packed and dispatched
to the markets.
(152 words)
The table below give information about Favorite Pastimes in different countries.

Canada 60 22 15 40 3 0 2
France / / 30 20 4 / /
England / / 30 21 4 / 20
Australia 65 30 15 45 5 30 4
Korea 22 21 60 45 2 2 4
China 15 25 60 50 0 5 5
USA 60 23 15 42 23 30 2
Japan / / 62 / / / /

This table clearly presents and compares favorable pastimes in eight different
countries. The pastimes, across the top of the table, are analyzed in relation to each
country.

As can be seen, about 60% of Canadians, Australians and Americans like watching
television. On the other hand, this figure is quite low for China where only 15% of
people watch television. Predictably, Americans like music at 23%, whereas only 2 to
5% of people in the other countries feel the same way. 20% of people in England
enjoy sleeping as a pastime whereas in Canada and the USA, for example, the figure
is only 2%. Interestingly, the Chinese like hobbies the most at 50%, as opposed to
only 20% in France. It isnt surprising that the highest percentage of beach-lovers is
in Australia and the USA at 30%.

It seems that pastimes of people of different nationalities may be influenced by a
number of factors such as the socio-economic situation or the climate. These factors
influence cultural differences between different nationalities and make cross-
cultural experiences more interesting.
(175 words)


model answer:
In this analysis we will examine three pie charts. The first one is headed World
Spending. The second is World Population and the third is Consumption of
Resources.

In the first chart we can see that people spend most of their income (24%) on food.
In some countries this percentage would obviously be much higher. Transport and
then housing are the next major expenses at 18% and 12% respectively. Only 6% of
income is spent on clothing.

In the second chart entitled World Population, it is not surprising to find that 57%
of people live in Asia. In fact China and India are two of the most populated
countries in the world and they are both situated on this continent. Europe and the
Americans account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of people live in Africa.

Finally, the third chart reveals that the USA and Europe consume a huge 60% of the
worlds resource.

To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are the highest
for Asia and the major consumers are the USA and Europe.

The line graph illustrates the amount of fast food consumed by teenagers in
Australia between 1975 and 2000, a period of 25 years. Overall, the consumption of
fish and chips declined over the period, whereas the amount of pizza and
hamburgers that were eaten increased.
In 1975, the most popular fast food with Australian teenagers was fish and chips,
being eaten 100 times a year. This was far higher than pizza and hamburgers, which
were consumed approximately 5 times a year. However, apart from a brief rise again
from 1980 to 1985, the consumption of fish and chips gradually declined over the 25
year timescale to finish at just under 40 times per year.
In sharp contrast to this, teenagers ate the other two fast foods at much higher
levels. Pizza consumption increased gradually until it overtook the consumption of
fish and chips in 1990. It then leveled off from 1995 to 2000. The biggest rise was
seen in hamburgers, increasing sharply throughout the 1970s and 1980s, exceeding
fish and chips consumption in 1985. It finished at the same level that fish and chips
began, with consumption at 100 times a year.

The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between
1930 and 1980. Write a report for a university, lecturer describing the information
shown below. You should write at least 150 words.

The table shows that the figures for imprisonment in the five countries mentioned
indicate no overall pattern of increase or decrease. In fact there is considerable
fluctuation from country to country.
In Great Britain the numbers in prison have increased steadily from 30 000 in 1930
to 80,000 in 1980. On the other hand in Australia, and particularly in New Zealand
the numbers fell markedly from 1930 to 1940. Since then they have increased
gradually, apart from in 1980 when the numbers in prison in New Zealand fell by
about 30,000 from the 1970 total. Canada is the only country in which the numbers
in prison have decreased over the period 1930 to 1980, although there have been
fluctuations in this trend. The figures for the United States indicate the greatest
number of prisoners compared to the other four countries but population size needs
to be taken into account in this analysis. The prison population in the United States
increased rapidly from 1970 to 1980 and this must be a worrying trend.

The pie charts show changes in UK spending patterns between 1971 and 30 years
later, 2001.
As an overall trend, increased amounts of money spent on cars, computers and
eating out were made up for by drops in expenditure on food and books.
In detail, food and car made up the two biggest item of expenditure in both years.
Together they comprised over half of household spending in the UK. Food accounted
for 44% of spending in 1971, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 2001.
However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 22% in 1971 to 43% in 2001.
Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from
7% to 14%. The proportion of salary spent on computers increased dramatically, up
from 2% in 1971 to 12% in 2001. However, as computer expenditure rose, the
percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%.

Graph Sample 1

The graph exhibits people using new music places on the internet in fifteen days
period of time namely personal choice and trendy pop music.
The overall trend shows fluctuation with slight increased towards the end of the
period.
Staring with Music Choices websites; 40,000people went on this new site on the first
day. Half of them backed out the next day. In contrast to this pop parade net sites
were visited by 120,000 music lovers on the day one which decreased slightly on the
next day there after regaining the same fame on 3rd day.
After 3rd day the enthusiasm for both music lines on the internet dropped slowly-
reaching maximum fall of 40,000 on the 7th day. Whereas Music Choice gained
popularity, slightly improving to get the original strength of 30,000 viewers on the
screen, but was getting still less visitors then their opponent Pop group i.e. 40,000
on day 7.
In the beginning of the next week both gained remarkable recovery after few
fluctuations for 8th and 9th day having 40,000 and 50,000 visitors respectively,
reaching to their peaks of one and half thousand new visitors for Pop Parade on the
11th day showing the contrast of very few people visiting music capital choice for
the same day. Thereafter, Music Choice gained popularity on the 12 day for having
more than 120,000 new visitors on web.
In the end of the period Pop sites were visited by maximum viewers of 180,000
where as sides located to Music Choice were nor explored by more than 80,000
explorers on he last day of the report.
Graph Sample 2

The bar chart indicates a survey on two different age groups on the factors
contributing to make their environment pleasant for working.
These factors are divided in to internal and external factors. The internal factors are
the team spirit, competent boss, respect from colleagues and job satisfaction. The
external factors are chance for personal development, job security, promotional
prospects and money.
On the internal factors above 50 % in both age groups agreed that team spirit,
competent boss and job satisfaction are essential to make their environment
pleasant. Whereas on the external factors, there are contrasting results. On the
chance of personal development and promotional aspects, 80% to 90% of the
younger groups were in favor while only less than 50% of the older group thought
so. A similar pattern is also noted on job security. With regards to money, 69% to
70% on both age groups said it is essential.
In conclusion, the internal factors have similar responses from the two age groups
while they had dissimilar responses on the external factors.
Graph Sample 3

The data exhibits the conclusion of study of the average number of cars passing on
three different roads between 1993 and 2002. In general the trend was upward over
the period.
The most striking feature is that there was a dramatic increase in the number of cars
passed on the Long Lane from 1993 to 2001, during which the number increased
from 400 cars in 1993 to 1400 cars in 2001.
However, the number was stable during the following year at 1400 cars.
The evidence reveals that the number of cars on Harper Lane rose between 1993
and 1998. One year before the introduction of the methods to slow down traffic, the
number declined with slight fluctuation.
The facts show that the average number of cars passed on Great York Way increased
significantly from 1993 to 1999, the same year in which methods to slow down
traffic was introduced. There were 600 cars in 1993 and 911 cars in 1999. However
there was a slight reduction in the number of cars during the following years.
To sum up the introduction of traffic calming had a non significant impact on the
cars passing on roads Long Lane and Great York Way. In comparison there was a
slight effect on the cars passing on Harper Lane.

Graph Sample 4 (Sorry No Graph for this)

The bar char shows the predicted sales of silver goods in OOOs of units for two
companies; Meteor Products Ltd and Mark Jones Ltd for next year.
The most striking feature is that sales will increase for both companies. It is
anticipated that sales of Mark Jones Ltd will start at 450,000 units in January
decreasing by 200,000 units following month with a gradual recovery over the
subsequent four months reaching 400,000 units in June. Those of Mark Jones Ltd are
predicated to be stable until August picking up to 600,000 units in September and
October. Sales of Mark Jones Ltd will reach peak of 900,000 in December. For those
of Meteor Products Ltd is forecasted a gradual increase with the largest sale of
600,000 units in December. In the beginning of the next year those of Meteor
Products Ltd will stand at 150,000 units falling back to 100,000 units in February,
rising steadily to 250,000 in June. In subsequent months sale will reach 450,000 units
increasing 500,000 units in August, staying stable until November.
Regarding the pie chart the sales of Mark Jones Ltd will share 30 % of the market
whereas that of Meteor Products Ltd 20% to 50 % of market is set to be shared by
other companies.

The graph below shows the changes in maximum number of Asian
elephants between 1994 and 2007.

model answer:
The graph shows the estimated maximum population of elephants in a range
of Asian countries in both 1997 and 2004.
In most of the countries included in the graph, the population fell. This was most
noticeable in Malaysia and Thailand, where the number of elephants was thought to
be less than half the figure in 1997. In the former, the number of elephants dropped
as low as 1000. India remained the country with by far the largest elephant
population, but experienced a dramatic fall in numbers so that in 2004 there may
have been as few as 7500. Despite its size, China had a very small population of at
most 500 elephants by 2004.
Although the trend was downwards overall, elephant populations were thought
to have remained stable in Laos and Vietnam at approximately 1200. The only
country where elephants showed signs of recovering was Cambodia, where numbers
may have risen by up to 200.

The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the
building industry.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
Brick manufacturing

model answer:
The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be
outlined in seven consecutive steps.
First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-
rich areas has to be dug up by a digger.
Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks
of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller,
whose motion further segregates the bits of clay. Sand and water are added to make
a homogenous mixture, which is then either formed in moulds or cut into brick-
shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.
Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of
48 hours, several dozen if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are then
transferred to a so-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. First they are
kept at a moderate temperature of 200C 1300C. This process is followed by cooling
down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in a cooling chamber.
Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and
delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage.
(217 words)
Band 9
This response fully satisfies the requirements of the task. All key features of each
stage of the process are appropriately and accurately presented. An excellent
overview is given at the beginning of the response and this skilfully incorporates part
of the rubric, changing the grammatical function, to give a brief summary of the
whole process. The message is very easy to read with seamless cohesion that
attracts no attention. Paragraphing, linking and referencing are all skilfully managed.
The language used is very fluent and sophisticated. A wide range of vocabulary and
structures are used with full flexibility and accuracy. Only rare minor
slips can be found and these do not detract from the high rating.
This script is a good example of a Band 9 performance.

The bar chart below shows the production of the worlds oil in OPEC and non-OPEC
countries.
Write a short report for a university lecturer describing the information shown
below.

model answer:
The graph gives past, present and future data concerning the production of worlds
oil on OPEC and non-OPEC countries. The figures indicate that while the production
of oil in Middle Eastern OPEC countries is predicted to increase considerably, oil
production elsewhere is likely to fall.
Between 1980 and 2000, most of the worlds oil came from non-OPEC countries;
only two million barrels per day were produced by OPEC countries. Since then, these
figures have changed considerably. Between 2000 and 2010 it is predicted that
approximately 10 million barrels will come from Middle Eastern OPEC countries,
while a further 10 million barrels will be provided by other OPEC or non-OPEC
countries.
Although forecasters predict that oil production is likely stabilise between 2010 and
2020, a lot more of this oil is expected to come from the Middle Eastern OPEC
countries, and under 5 million barrels per day from other areas.
(149 words)

The table below gives statistics about the size of US households over a number of
years. (Household = all the people living together in one house.) Study the
information and answer the question.
below.

US household by size 1790-1990
Year
Per cent distribution of number of households Average
population
per
household
1
person
2
person
3
person
4
person
5
person
6
person
7
person
1790 3.7% 7.8% 11.7% 13.9% 13.9% 13.2 35.8% 5.4
1890 3.6% 13.2% 16.7% 16.8% 15.1% 11.6% 23.0% 4.9
1990 24.6% 32.2% 17.2% 15.6% 6.7% 2.3% 1.4% 2.6

We can see from the table that households in the US have become much smaller
over the last 200 years. Households in 1790 had an average of 5.4 members but by
1990 the figure had fallen by about half to only 2.6.
In 1790 35.8% of all households had seven members. This was still the most
common household size in 1890 but the proportion had dropped slightly to 23%.
One-person households were the least common, representing less than 4% of the
total in both 1790 and 1890. By 1990, however, there had been a major change.
Now only about 1% of household had seven members, while 56.8% of all households
consisted of only one or two people.

The chart below gives information about global population percentages and
distribution of wealth by region.

model answer:
The chart compares population shares in various regions of the world with the
distribution of wealth in these same regions. It can be seen that population shares in
almost all cases do not relate to the distribution of wealth.
Even though North America has only approximately 6% of the worlds population, it
boasts nearly 34% of global wealth. A similar situation can be seen in Europe, which
has 15% of the global population but 30% of global wealth, and the rich (high
income) Asia-Pacific countries with 5% of the worlds population but 24% of its
wealth.
On the other hand, the total wealth of people in China, India, Africa, Latin America
and Caribbean, and the other poor (lower income) countries in Asia-Pacific is far less
than their shares of the world population. This is most striking in India, where 16% of
the worlds population own only 1% of the worlds wealth and in China, which has
the highest percentage of global population (24%) but only 3% of the worlds wealth.

The table shows the worldwide market share of the mobile phone market for
manufactures in the years 2005 and 2006.

Worldwide Mobile phone Sales in 2005 & 2006 (% share of market)
Company
2005 %
Market share
2006
% Market
share
Nokia 32.5 35
Motorola 17.7 21.1
Samsung 12.7 11.8
Sony Ericsson 6.3 7.4
L.G 6.7 6.3
BenQ Mobile 4.9 2.4
Others 19.2 16.2
TOTAL 100.0 100.0

The table gives information on the market share of mobile phone manufactures for
two consecutive years, 2005 and 2006.
In both years, Nokia was clearly the market leader, selling 32.5% of all mobile
phones in 2005, and slightly more (35%) in 2006. This is a greater market share than
its two closest competitors, Motorola and Samsung, added together.
Motorola increased its market share from 17.7% in 2005 to 21.1% in 2006. In
contrast, Samsung saw its share of the market decline slightly from 12.7% to 11.8%.
The other companies listed each had a much smaller share of the market. Sony
Ericssons share increased from 6.3% in 2005 to 7.4% in 2006 whereas L.G decreased
slightly from 6.7% to 6.3%. BenQ Mobiles share more than halved from 2005 to
2006; from 4.9% of the market to only 2.4%.
Other mobile phone manufactures accounted for 19.2% of the market in 2005- more
than all the companies mentioned except Nokia. However, in 2006 the other
companies only made 16.2% of mobile phone sales- less than both Nokia and
Motorola.

The table below gives information about rail transport in four countries in 2007.

Country
Number of People
using rail transport
(not including
metro)
Passenger
kilometres
per head of
population
Cargo
carried
(billions
of tons)
Malaysia 5.9 770 22.2
Canada 0.3 80 2820
China 27 1980 23.01
UAE 5.5 780 21.9
model answer:
The table shows details for four countries concerning the percentage of the
population who use the railways, how many kilometres each person travels on
average, and the number of tons of cargo the railways carry.
What is surprising is that very few Americans use rail- less than half of one per cent-
and they do not travel far (just 80 kilometres). However, the Canada carries by far
the most cargo, nearly 3 thousand billion tons. This contrasts greatly with China,
where 27% of the population use rail, and they each travel further (1980 kilometres)
than any of the other countries. On the other hand, less than 25 billion tons of
freight is carried.
The two countries which are most similar are the Malaysia and UAE. Both have
between 5 and 6% of people who use trains, they travel between 770 and 780
kilometres and the amount of freight is approximately the same (22.2 and 21.9
billion tons respectively).
In general it can be seen that while citizens of the Canada use rail transport the
least, they transport the most amount of cargo by rail.
(184 words)

The flow chart illustrates the consequence of deforestation. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features.
Write at least 150 words

model answer:
The flow chart shows what typically occurs as a consequence of deforestation. When
trees are removed, there are four main immediate effects, which eventually result in
flooding, degraded vegetation and a loss of biodiversity.
One immediate effect is soil which has been compacted by heavy equipment. The
result hard, baked soil contributes to the run off of rain water and, eventually,
flooding.
Another immediate consequence of logging is a reduction in the number of roots
holding the soil together. This leads to soil erosion. As a consequence, the quality
and variety of vegetation is compromised.
The third immediate effect is burning, both deliberate and a consequence of an
increased risk of forest fires. The waste that remains after loggings is destroyed and
the microorganisms that feed on this material are lost. This leads to degraded
vegetation.
The final immediate consequence is a reduction in the amount of moisture plants
return to the air. Because there is less moisture in the air, there is less precipitation
and an increased incidence of drought. This too reduces plant growth and ultimately
results in degraded vegetation and a loss of biodiversity.
(187 words)

The diagram shows how apple is canned.

model answer:
The diagram shows how fresh applet is canned. First the apple is picked from trees
by hand. It is then transported to the cannery by large trucks. At the cannery
the apple is washed and quality checked, and any poor quality apple is rejected.
The good quality apple is put into cold storage. When it is ready for canning
the apple is weighted and graded. The grading ensures that the apple of a similar
size is kept together. After this the apple is peeled and the cores are removed. It is
then sliced into the required sizes and put into cans. Juice or syrup is also added to
the cans.
Once the cans have been filled they are sealed and cooked over heat to ensure that
the cans are sterilized. When the cans are cool, a label is attached and they are
placed into storage. The canned apple is now ready to be despatched to
supermarkets and sold.
(158 words)

The bar chart shows different methods of waste disposal in four cities; Toronto,
Madrid, Kuala Lumpur and Amman. Summarize the information by describing the
main features of the chart and making comparisons where appropriate.

model answer:
The bar chart depicts four types of waste disposal in four cities. Landfill was the
most popular method of waste disposal in Toronto and Amman. Toronto used
landfill for disposing of about three-quarters of its waste with the remaining quarter
split between incineration, recycling and composting.
Amman used landfill for disposing of almost half of its waste with most of the rest
being incinerated. Incineration was the most popular method of waste disposal in
Madrid and Kuala Lumpur.
Kuala Lumpur disposed of more than half its waste by incineration with less than
one quarter going for recycling and even less still going for landfill and composting.
Recycling was the second least popular method of waste disposal.
No cities disposed of more than 25% of its waste by recycling and in the case of
Toronto, it was less than 10%. Composting was the least common method of waste
disposal. No cities disposed of more than 10% of its waste by compositing and
Amman hardly did any composting.
(166 words)

The table below gives information on internet use in six categories by age group.
Describe the information in the table and make comparisons where appropriate.
Internet activities by age group

Age group
Activity% Teens 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70+
Get News 76 73 76 75 71 74 70
Online
games
81 54 37 29 25 25 32
Downloads 52 46 27 15 13 8 6
Product
research
0 79 80 83 79 74 70
Buying a
product
43 68 69 68 67 65 41
Searching
for people
5 31 23 23 24 29 27
model answer:
Comparing activities, we can see that getting news is the most popular activity with
users of all ages. At least 70% of people use the internet to get news.
Whilst 80% of teenagers play online games, this table drops to 54% of people in their
twenties and 37% of people in their thirties. Online gaming reaches a low of 25%
with people in their fifties and then increases in popularity with older people.
Downloads activity display a similar trend to internet games, but they are less
popular in general and decline markedly with people over age 40. Only 6% of people
over age 70 download.
Online Product research is made by over seventy percent of all people except for
teenagers who do not research product. Product research peak in the forties age
group, when almost three-quarters of people research for product in this way.
Buying a product online is equally popular with all internet users except those at
either end of the age scale: teens and internet users age 70 or older. Searching for
people online is done by between one-quarter and one-third of people depending
on age, except for teenagers who make only five searches out of every 100.
(198 words)

The pie charts below show the percentage of housing owned and rented in the UK
in 1991 and 2007. Summarize the information by describing the main features of
the charts and making comparisons where appropriate.
Housing owned and rented in the UK

model answer:
The pie charts compare home ownership and renting for 1991 and 2007 in
percentage terms. In 1991, home owner were the most popular type of housing,
accounting for 60%, or more than over half of all homes. The next largest sector was
social rented homes, amounting to 23% or nearly one-third of homes. The remaining
homes were mostly privately rented (11%) with a tiny fraction being social housing
(6%).
Sixteen years later, in 2007, the number of home owners had risen to 70%, or almost
three quarters of all homes. This was an increase of 10% compared with 1991. Much
of the increase in home ownership can be explained by the decrease in social rented
homes, which had dropped from 23% to 17%.
The percentage of privately rented homes had remained unchanged at 11%.
However, there were 5 million more homes in 2007 compared with 1991 so the
number of rented homes had increased despite the same percentage. Social housing
has decreased three-fold from 6% in 1991 to 2% in 2007, and it remains the least
popular type of housing.
(180 words)

The graph gives information about drinking habits of the US population by age.

model answer:
The bar chart shows information about peoples drinking behavior by age group in
the US. Several trends are evident.
The highest proportion of those who never drink (nearly two-thirds) was in the 16 to
24 years group. The proportion tended to decrease with age. Only 40 per cent of
people aged 65 to 74 had never drink.
On the other hand, the percentage of those who had quit drinking tended to
increase with age. Only 5 per cent of those in the youngest age group (16 to 24)
were ex-drinkers, as opposed to roughly 40 per cent of those aged 65 to 75.
The percentage of those classed as heavy drinkers also showed a distinct pattern.
People in middle age (35 to 54) tended to be the heaviest drinkers approximately
13 per cent of the total. A relatively small proportion of those in the youngest age
group, and an even smaller percentage of those in the oldest group (roughly 3 per
cent) drink heavily.
Overall, age appears to be a significant factor in patterns of drinking behavior.
(177 words)

The table shows the average length of YouTube video advertisements and average
length of time viewers spend watching them. Summarise the information by
selecting and reporting the main features.
Average YouTube Video ad length and time viewed
Type of YoTube ad
Average length
of YoTube ad
(seconds)
Average time
viewed(seconds)
Public service 66.7 28.1
Business and
finance
35.1 24.6
Entertainment and
news
30.8 26.5
Travel 28.7 23.0
Technology 39.3 20.9
Retail 26.5 20.1
Consumer
electronics
24.9 17.3
Clothing 23.4 16.6
Pharmaceuticals 21.8 16.0
Lifestyle 33.7 14.3
Overall 38.1 20.4
model answer:
The table shows the average length of YouTube video advertisements by sector and
average length of time viewers spent watching these advertisements.
The average length of the advertisements varied from a low of 21.8 seconds for
pharmaceuticals to a high of 66.7 for public service advertisements. With the
exception of government- and technology- related advertisements, in general,
products and services which required a large financial commitment tended to have
longer advertisements. Entertainments, financial services and travel advertisements,
for example, were all twenty eight seconds on average or longer. Less expensive
products, on the other hand, such as consumer electronics, clothing and medicines,
tended to have shorter advertisements.
Adverts for more expensive products or services also tended to be watched for
longer than adverts for less expensive items. Viewers on average watched more
than 50 per cent of advertisements for entertainment, travel, business and finance.
In contrast, viewers tended to watch less of government advertisements and
advertisements for cheaper goods such as consumer electronics, clothing and
medicines.
Overall, length of YouTube video advertisements and length of time spent viewing
such advertisements appears to be associated with the perceived cost of the
product or service being advertised.
(195 words)

The bar charts below show the Marriage and Divorce Statistics for nine countries
in 1981 and 1994.
below.

model answer:
As we can see from the information, there was a general trend for the number of
marriage to decrease over 13 years in most of the countries. In 1981, the USA had
the most marriages (10.6 per thousand) but by 1994 this had fallen to 9.1 per
thousands. The number of marriages also fell substantially in Finland and France.
The only country where there was an increase in the number of marriage was
Denmark.
By comparison the rate of divorce increased in most countries over the same period.
The only exceptions to this trend were Germany, where there was no change, and
the USA and Denmark, where the figure fell. The country with the fewest divorce in
both 1981 and 1994 was Italy.
(123 words)

The table shows the percentage of journeys made by different forms of transport
in four countries, The bar graph shows the results of a survey into car use.
Journeys Canada Belgium Germany Netherland
made by
Car 90% 72% 68% 47%
Bicycle 1% 2% 2% 26%
Public
transport
3% 12% 18% 8%
On foot 5% 11% 11% 18%
Other 1% 3% 1% 1%
Most cited reasons people travel to work by car (Canada)

model answer:
The table compares modes of transport used in four countries: Canada, Belgium,
Germany and the Netherlands. Percentage of journeys made by car, bicycle, public
transport and on foot are given. The bar chart shows the results of a survey into
reasons people in the Canada travel to work by car.
As can be seen from the table, cars were the most frequently used from of transport
in all four countries. However, the proportion of journeys made by car ranged from a
low of 47 per cent in the Netherlands to a high of 90 per cent in the Canada. Figures
for the other forms of transport also varied considerably. Not surprisingly, in the
Netherlands, a high proportion of trips were made by bicycle (26%) and on foot
(18%). The highest rate of public transport use was in Germany, where nearly one in
five journeys was made by public transport.
The bar chart provides information that may help explain why car use in the Canada.
The most frequently cited reason was lack of any other alternative (38%). Although a
sizeable percentage said it was more convenient (12%), the other factors listed
appeared to relate more to need than preference, e.g. working night shift.
Overall, the figures show considerable variation in modes of transport used, though
the car continues to dominate in most contexts.
(223 words)

The bar graph below shows the numbers of male and female research students
studying six computer science subjects at a US university in 2011.
Summarise the information by selecting and report in the main features, and make

model answer:
The bar chart shows the gender distribution of students doing computer scientific
research across a range of disciplines at a US university in 2011.
In five of the six disciplines, males outnumbered females. Male students made up a
particularly large proportion of the student group in subjects related to the study of
programming objects: mathematics, programming, and engineering. The gender gap
was particularly large in the field of mathematics, where there were five times as
many male students as female students.
Men and women were more equally represented in subjects related to the study of
computer science: natural sciences, psychology, and linguistics. In natural science,
there were nearly as many women [approximately 200] as men [approximately 240].
This was also true of psychology. Linguistics was the only discipline in which women
outnumbered men [roughly 110 women vs. 90 men].
Overall, the chart shows that at this university, computer science subjects continue
to be male-dominated; however, women have a significant presence in fields related
to psychology and the computer sciences.
(169 words)

The pie charts show the average consumption of food in the world in 2008
compared to two countries; China and India.
Write a report to a university lecturer describing the data.

model answer:
The graphs illustrate the consumption of 4 types of food used in the word in 2008.
The figures are compared to the amounts of food used in china and India in the
same year.
As an overall trend, the two countries showed different food consumption from the
world average, while processed food consumption still had the largest percentages
in all the three charts.
In particular, processed food consumption was the highest in the in the world,
accounting for 41%, which was followed by vegetables and fruits at 29% and animal
food at a quarter. Only 4% consisted of nut and seeds consumption.
Likewise, China used processed food in the largest proportion of 39%. Animal food
showed the same figure as the worlds average, 25%. Vegetable and fruits was used
at 23% while nuts and seeds showed less than a half figure.
In India, both vegetable and processed food were used the most in the year 2008
with percentages of 34% and 32% respectively, nuts and seeds used in this country
showed the largest proportion among the three charts given, making up 19% at this
time.
(185 words)

The diagram shows the procedure for university entry for high school graduates.
Write a report for a university or college lecturer describing the information.

model answer:
The flowchart illustrates the various steps that a high school student must follow to
enter university.
Once the high school has been obtained, students need to complete an application
for university entrance. This can be downloaded from the university website. The
completed application should then be sent to the administration.
Applicants receive a reply two weeks later which is provisional acceptance, a
rejection or an acceptance. If a rejection is received, students can either cancel their
application altogether or complete an application for an alternative course and send
to the administration office.
A provisional acceptance means that more documentation is required. Applicants in
this situation should complete the additional documentation and submit them to
the office. When an acceptance is received, the applicant should complete the
enrolment form and select which subjects he or she wishes to undertake and
register with the dean. When all this is complete, the applicant may enter university.
(194 words)

The graphs show changes in spending habits of people in UK between 1971 and
2001.

model answer:
The pie charts show changes in UK spending patterns between 1971 and 30 years
later, 2001.
As an overall trend, increased amounts of money spent on cars, computers and
eating out were made up for by drops in expenditure on food and books.
In detail, food and car made up the two biggest item of expenditure in both years.
Together they comprised over half of household spending in the UK. Food accounted
for 44% of spending in 1971, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 2001.
However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 22% in 1971 to 43% in 2001.
Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from
7% to 14%. The proportion of salary spent on computers increased dramatically, up
from 2% in 1971 to 12% in 2001. However, as computer expenditure rose, the
percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%.
(151 words)

The pie chart below shows the proportion of different categories of families living
in poverty in UK in 2002.
Proportion of people from each household type living in poverty

The pie chart examines the different type of families who were living in poor
conditions in UK in the year 2002.
As an overall trend, 14% of the entire households in UK at that time were in
conditions of poverty. In general, single people struggled more than couples.
In particular, as far as people with children are concerned, sole parents showed the
highest percentage of 26% among all the given categories while couples with
children accounted for a relatively smaller percentage of 15%.
When it comes to people with no children, single people made up a large percentage
of 24%, which is almost the same figure for single people with children. On the other
hand, only 9% of the couples without any children suffered from poverty in
2002. In terms of aged people, singles had a slightly higher percentage than couples.
Only 7% and 5% of the aged population had hardships in their living circumstances.

The bar charts below give information about the railway system in six cities in
Europe.

model answer:
The bar charts illustrate comparable information related to railway systems in
six capital cities in Europe; Paris, Stockholm, Lisbon, Rome, Madrid and Berlin.
In general, railway systems in different cities vary in terms of the start dates of each
system, the sizes, and the numbers of passengers using the systems in a year.
As far as the ages are concerned, Paris has the oldest railway system among the six
cities. It was opened in the year 1863, which is incomparable to the other cities. On
the other hand, Berlin has the newest railway system which was opened in Europe
2001.
In terms of the sizes, Paris, for certain, has the longest route, 394km, which is nearly
twice the figure for Stockholm. Madrid, in contrast, has the shortest route in its
railway system, only 28km.
When it comes to the numbers of people using the railway system in each, Lisbon
shows the largest number of 1927 million passengers in a year while Madrid serves
the smallest number of railway users, 45 millions.
(170 words)

The bar graph indicates sales figures for reading materials from 2002 to 2012.
Write a report to a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

The graph shows the changes in the sales of four different types of publications for a
decade since 2002.
In general, all the given categorise except hobbies book showed a rising trend in the
sales over the period. The sales of history books were the highest while those of art
books were the lowest.
In particular, the sales of the biggest sellers, history books, experienced an overall
growth during the period. The sales were around 4500 copies in 2002, and then
reached a peak of 10000 in 2008. Although the figure dropped slightly after then,
history books remained the greatest sellers with around 9000 copies sold in 2012.
The sales of art books and entertainment books showed a similar pattern of a steady
growth. The figure for art books increased slowly from around 1500 copies in 2002
to just under 4000 in 2012 while that for entertainment books went through a
moderate rise from approximately 1300 copies in 2002 to 3000 in 2012.
On the other hand, the last category, hobbies book, did not show an upward trend.
The sales of hobbies book showed the lowest sales figures, and the figure generally
remained constant at between 500 and 700 copies.

The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in Netherland
between 2001 and 2006.
Average distance in miles travelled per person per year, by mode of travel
2001 2006
Walking 255 237
Bicycle 51 41
Car 3199 4806
Local bus 429 274
Local distance bus 54 124
Train 239 366
Taxi 13 42
Other 450 585
All modes 4740 6475

The chart illustrates average distance travelled by various modes of transport in
Netherland in 2001 and 2006. The figures are given in miles and to show how
peoples preference changed over time.
In general, people in Netherland travelled more in the year 2006 than in 2001. Cars
showed unparalleled figures among the given categories. Except walking, using
bicycles and taking local buses, most of the categories showed overall increases in
the distance travelled.
In detail, a person driving his own car travelled 3,199 miles on average in 2001, and
the average distance showed a moderate rise to 4,806 miles in 2006. Apart from
cars, taking trains, using long distance buses and taxis also experienced an overall
growth in their figures from 289 miles to 366, from 54 miles to 124, and from 13
miles to 42 respectively in the order named.
On the other hand, walking and rising bicycles were not more favored by Dutch
people. Both categories showed a moderate decline in their figures. Meanwhile, the
number of people who used local buses must have dropped significantly as the
average distance experienced a dramatic fall from 429 miles in 2001 to 274 miles in
2006.

The graphs indicate the source of complaints about the bank of America and the
amount of time it takes to have the complaints resolved.

The two graphs depict different information related to complaints within the bank of
America. The pie graph shows the sources of complaints, while the bar graph
illustrates the average time taken between investigation into complaints and final
action taken.
In general, by far the highest number of complaints against the bank of America
originated from the public. The bar graph shows the average time period between
investigation and action is around 5 months.
63% of all complaints against the bank of America are lodged by the public. Of the
remaining 37% of complaints, the figures can be grouped into percentages between
11 and 8%, which are made up of government agencies, out-of-state agencies, and
insurance companies. Then interestingly, media and bank employee made up and
equal figure, 3% in the chart.
The bar graph shows that 2001 had the highest waiting time for complaints of
medical misconduct at 6 months. Although there is a significant drop from 6 months
in 2001 to 5 months in 2002, all previous and proceeding years display an average
waiting period of 5 months. Despite this, over time the average waiting period is
decreasing.

The flow chart below shows an automatic photo booth. Autumatic Photo Booth

The flow chart shows the main feature of a coin-operated photo booth, which allows
the user to take large or passport-size self-portraits.
Two buttons on the outside of the booth allow you to select the size of photo (large
format or passport size). If the large format setting is chosen, you will only receive
one photo. Passport-sized photos are issued in sets of four. Two buttons below
these let you choose colour or black and white, although you must choose colour for
passport photos. There is also a slot on the outside of the booth for the insertion of
coins, and a larger slot where the photos are delivered.
Inside the booth, there is an adjustable seat to sit on. The seat should be adjusted so
that your eyes are level with the arrow on the screen. A mirror allows you to check
your appearance before the photos are taken.
The curtain in the doorway should be closed when the photos are taken. A light to
the right of the screen comes on, telling you to prepare. After this, the flash goes off
after three seconds. The photographs are delivered outside within sixty seconds.

The pie graphs show the nutritional consistency of two dinners.

The graphs compare the proportion of various nutritional compounds contained in
two different foods; macaroni and medium baked potato.
In general, there are a larger percentage of carbohydrates and saturated fats in
macaroni than in medium baked potato. In contrast, medium baked potato has a
much higher amount of protein and glucose.
In particular, macaroni mainly consists of large amounts of carbohydrate and
saturated fats. Carbohydrates take up slightly more than a half, 52%, while a little
less than a quarter is made up of saturated fats. The other nutrients show relatively
lower proportions.
On the other hand, medium baked potato is mostly comprised of carbohydrates and
protein. The amount of carbohydrates in the food is less than in macaroni, but they
still take up the greatest percentage of 35% in medium baked potato. Interestingly,
this dinner cereal has a large amount of protein with 25%, which is very different
from macaroni. The other types of nutrients do not show significant figures in the
pie chart.
The diagram below shows two different processes for manufacturing black tea.

model answer:
The diagram shows the two processes for manufacturing black tea. The traditional
way is used for making loose tea and modern process is ideal for teabags.
When collecting tea, the tea picker picks only the two top leaves and the bud of
ensure a high quality tea. Then, the tea leaves go through withering, where leaves
are spread out and air is passed through withering, where leaves are spread out and
air is passed through them to remove up to 60 per cent of their moisture.
After that, the leaves are ready for rolling or cutting. Factories use traditional
methods of rolling and crushing or faster modern methods of cutting, tearing and
curling to make teabags. In both processes, natural enzymes are produced from the
leaves. The next step is oxidation, where the enzymes from the leaves mix with the
air. This changes the colour of the leaves from green to copper and creates a nice
flavour and aroma. Finally, the leaves are fired and dried. By this stage, little
moisture remains in the tea-just three per cent.
(178 words)

The diagram shows the relationship between a numbers of different languages.

model answer:
The diagram shows the varieties of English spoken throughout the world and how
they are related.
There are two main branches of English: British English and American English. The
British English Branch is geographically wide-spread. It extends across several
continents from the West Indies, through the British Isles themselves, Africa, the
Indian subcontinent, the Far East and Australasia. In addition to the four varieties of
English spoken in the British Isles (i.e. in Ireland, Wales, Scotland and England), it
includes a large number of other varieties, for instance Jamaican English, South
Africa English, and Australian English.
The American branch is largely restricted to the American continent. It comprises
the varieties of English spoken in the different region of the United States itself, as
well as in Canada. Beyond the continent, the extent of its influence is limited to the
Philippines in the Far East and American Samoa in the Pacific.
In brief, the diagram shows that, like the economic and political influence of the
Anglo Saxon countries, the reach of English has extended to virtually every region of
the world.
(180 words)

The barchart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone
calls in Australia, divided into three categories, from 2001- 2008.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make

model answer:
The chart shows the time spent by Australian resident on different types of
telephone calls between 2001 and 2008.
Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billion
minutes in 2001 to just under 90 billion in 2003. After peaking at 90 billion the
following year, these calls had fallen back to the 2001 figure by 2008.
National and international fixed line calls grew steadily from 38 billion to 61 billion at
end of the period in question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.
There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 2 billion to 46 billion minutes.
This rise was particularly noticeable between 2005 and 2008, during which time the
use of mobile phones tripled.
To sum up, although local fixed line calls were still most popular in 2008, the gap
between the three categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of
the period in question.

The pie charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Oman and
Spain in 2005 anf projections for 2055.

model answer:
The pie charts show significant comparison of age groups in Oman and Spain. Initial
statistics are concerning 2005 and some predictions about the ages of the
populations are made referring to 2055.
It is apparent from the charts people who were under consisted half of the
population of Oman in 2005. 48% and a negligible 4% of Oman population were 15-
59 and 60 and over respectively. However, following a half century is assessed to
bring staggering alteration of dominant positions in Oman population. Proliferation
from 48% to 57% can be cited as example which will make 15 to 59 year old Oman
people dominant in 2055.
However, in 2005, 62 percent of Spanish people were between 19 and 59.
Predictions about that status illustrate not significant alterations in the dominance
of age groups.
Overall, it is important to note that, in 2055, proportion of people under 14 will slide
away in both countries. However, this trend will cause middle aged people to take
over dominant position solely in Oman.
(169 words)

The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat
in a European country between 1979 and 2004. Summarize the information by
selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparison where relevant.
How many words? How long?

The line chart describes the popularity of four different types of food consumed in
European countries between 1979 and 2004. Overall, the trend of food consumption
wasn't uniform. The chicken consumers increased dramatically, while beef, lamb and
fish fell steadily.

Firstly, in 1979 the lowest consumption was chicken and fish. The chicken started
approximately 150 grams per person per week. However, after 1984 the
consumption of the chicken rose gradually and then increased significantly and
finally ended at 250 grams per person per week in 2004. Whereas, the fish trend was
remained similar at about 50grams per person per week between the period of 1979
and 2004.

Secondly, in the year 1979 and 2004 the trend of the different food product
fluctuated. In the year 1979 the beef was the most popular meat in European's
about 200 per person per week. Then after 10 years, the utilization of beef and lamb
plunged steeply, while the chicken rose dramatically. However in the duration of 25,
the intake of beef and lamb dropped.
To recapitulate, the graph reveals the consumption of chicken in European countries
was initially small but over the 10 years the consumption of chicken climbed to the
same level of beef and overtook it.

The graph shows the figures for CFC emissions in four countries between 1989 and
2001. Write a report for a university lecture describing the information below.

At glance at the graph provided reveals the number of CFC emissions which are
released into the atmosphere in the period from 1989 and 2001 in Egypt, Poland,
Ukraine and Malaysia.
We can see from the graph that Poland and Ukraine had a biggest quantity of
emission with 5000 metric tons and about 4600 metric tons in 1989. However, in the
next years, these figures dropped sharply. While in Poland, the amount of emission
dropped steadily to a low point of approximately 100 metric tons in 2001; in
Ukraine, there was a sharp decline in emitting gases, reaching a point of less than
1000 metric tons and then went up slightly until 2001 with about 1100 metric tons.

Meanwhile, Malaysia and Egypt had a lower emission than Poland and Ukraine in
1989; and then these figures were higher than other countries in 2001. Malaysia, for
example, there was about 3300 metric tons in 1989 and this remained constant until
1995 before it started to fall gradually. At the same period time, there was a steady
decrease in emission between 1989 and 2001 in Egypt.

A final point to note is that although Malaysia hold in a third position of emission in
1989, this country took a lead when releasing 2000 metric tons into the
atmosphere.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. Write a report for a university
lecturer describing the information in the table below. You should write at least
150 words.

The figure shows how a group of people of different ages, spend their free time in
Someland.

According to the table, teenagers in Someland spent 1,200 in hour per year to
watching Tv.Group age 70s spend 1,100 , and it is so close to the time teens spent.
The ages of twenty and sixty equal in speanding their time watching Tv and this by
700 hours. 150 hours spend by aged from 14 to 20 in socialising with 4 or less
people. On the other hand, group of people who are 30 years of age spend 300 h.
The old people who aged from 50 to 70 years, they spend 25 hours in socialising
with 4 or more people. Teens and 20s both spend 350 hours socialising with 4 or
more people per year. At spare time in people between the ages of 30 to 40 years in
the individual exercise is 200 hours a year less time to spend exercising individual is
50 hours per year for per persons aged 50 year. Persons aged 60 to 70 years do not
spend their time in group exercise sport. Teenagers spend 450 hours per year in
group exercise sport. Also, 350 hour spend by 20s ages in sport. For cinema teens
spend 100 hours per year compared with people aged between 40s to 50s they
spend 25 hours per year in Someland.
In conclusion, we can be clearly seen that the different people with dofferent ages
have different ways of spending their leisure time in Someland.

The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less
productive. The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world
during the 1990s. Summarize the in formation by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The pie chart introduces the main cause of worldwide land degradation during the
1990s in the percentage scale, whereas the table shows reasons of land degradation
by three regions: North America, Europe and Oceania.
Over-grazing was the main reason of worldwide degradation and it reached 35 %.
30% and 28% of degradation was due to deforestation and over-cultivation
respectively, leaving 7% for other reasons. It can be seen from the table, that Europe
had the largest percentage of land degradation, which was 23%. The lowest
percentage of land degradation was in North America and it reached only 5%. In
Europe deforestation was the main cause of land degradation (9.8%), while in North
America and Oceania over-cultivation (3.3%) and over-grazing (11.3%)
respectively. In addition, deforestation percentage in Europe was higher than North
Americas and Oceanias combined. In North America and Europe over-cultivation
numbers were quite large, while in Oceania there was no land degraded by over-
cultivation.

In conclusion, over-grazing was the main cause of worldwide degradation in 1990s.
Europe percentage of degradation was largest of all three regions and all three
regions had different predominant causes.

The graph below shows the total value of exports and the value of fuel, food and
manufactured goods exported by one country from 2000 to 2005. Summarize the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

The graphs show the relation between the total value of exports , the value of fuel,
food and manufactured goods exported between the period 2000 and 2005.

The first graph represents the value of total exports between the years 2000 and
2005. The total exports were 300000 million dollars in 2000. There was a steady
decline till the total exports value reached 250000 million dollars at 2002. The value
of total exports increased with a linear rate till it reach 350000 million dollars in
2003. The trend was then on a continuous rise and peaked at $420000 million in
2005.

The value of selected exports over the period from 2000 to 2005 was shown in the
second graph. The value of food fluctuated slightly over the period below 10000
million dollars. The manufactured food increased from under 20000 million dollars
to around $25000 million in 2002 and then dropped to 20000 million dollars in 2003
followed by a rise to a new peak in 2005.The fuel value plunged from a peak value in
2000 to a minimum value in 2005 of 20000 million dollars.

The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over
between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries. Summarise the information by
selecting and reporting the main feature and make comparisons where relevant.

The graph compares percentages of population of people with the age of 65 and
over in Japan, Sweden, and the USA between 1940 and 2040. It can be clearly seen
that there are upward trends in the number of people in all of the countries during
that period.

As we can see, the proportion of elderly people was the highest in the USA with 8%,
and the least in Japan, which was %5 of all the Japanese population, in 1940. On the
other hand, in the next century (2040), it is predicted that the proportion of elderly
people in the USA will reversely be the least, with 23% of the total population, and
Japan will the country with the highest population of senior people. Sweden stood at
the middle in both 1940 and 2040 with the population of people aged 65 and over of
7% and 25% respectively.
In conclusion, the percentages of people in the age range in these three countries
are significantly rising from 1940 to 2040.

The bar chart below shows the results of a survey conducted by a personnel
department at a major company. The survey was carried out on two groups of
workers: those aged from 18-30 and those aged 45-60, and shows factors affecting
their work performance.

The bar chart shows various factors that have impacts on work performance of two
different age groups 18-30 and 45-60.
Money seemed to have the same effect on the two age groups which contributed
around 70% of work performance. Likewise, 60% of work performance can be
achieved through team spirit on both the young age group and the middle age
group. Surprisingly, work environment contributed as few as 30% on both groups.
Next, chance for personal development seemed to be significantly important for the
group of people aged 18-30; whereas for the middle age group, it contributed only
half of the work performance of the young age group with 40%. Similarly, young
people surveyed had a higher level of work performance in a relaxed working
environment but this didn't improve much the work performance of the middle
aged people. Having competent managers played a fairly important role in
improving the work performance of both of the two age groups with 50%.

The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five
different countries in 2002.
Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category - 2002.

The table shows the expenditure for three different categories in five countries:
Turkey,Ireland,Sweden,Spain and Italy in 2002.
For the food/drinks/tobacco category, Turkey was the most spending country with
the percentage of 32.14%. On the other hand, Sweden was recorded having the
lowest consumption with 15.77%.
Next, in the clothing and footwear category, Italy spent with the highest amount of
9.00%, followed by Turkey with 6.63%. Sweden was the least consuming country
with 5.40%. Finally, in the last category which is about leisure and education, Turkey
was again the most spending country which had the consumption of 4.35%
compared to the total expenditure. Lastly, Spain was cited to have the consumption
of 1.98%, therefore was considered as the least spending country in the category.

In summary, Turkish people was mostly spending more in all the categories,
especially in the food/drink/tobacco category. The least spending country was
Sweden when compared across all the three categories.
PERSONAL ADVICE
+Pay more attention to avoid grammatical mistakes such as "various three
categories" => "three various categories".
+Wrong usage of "various" since there are only 3 categories.
+Your first sentence doesn't have clear subject/verb distinction.
+Wrong punctuation "It can be clearly seen,that" => "It can be clearly seen that".
+It should be homegeneous in the way you use "%" and "percent". You shouldn't use
"32.14%" and "15.77 percent" as written in your original essay.
+"Proportion" refers to the relationship between different things or parts with
respect to comparative size, number, or degree. In other words, you must have at
least 2 things to compare. Therefore, you can't use it as you wrote in the essay.
+"expender" is not a correct word.
+The way you used linking words such as "in addition" is not appropriate.

he map below shows three proposed sites for a new hypermarket (A, B and C) in
the city of Pellington.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the
main features and making comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

There are three proposed sites in Pellington shown in the map where a new
hypermarket is going to be built.
As can be seen, the population in Pellington is 120,000 which is quite a large city.
Hence, there is a need to carefully select which area is the most suitable. Firstly, site
A seems to have the largest residential area in the region with a traffic-free zone and
a medium sized park situated in the middle. Moreover, the industrial area in site A is
also the largest compared to the same areas in site B and C. Next, considering site B
which is on the east side of site A, around 80% of site B is countryside and the rest is
for industries. There is a long and straight motorway dividing site A and B from the
north to the south. Finally, let us consider site C. Site C has the second largest
residential area in Pellington and there is an airport on the west side. Site A and C
are separated by a long railway which is close to the traffic-free zone of site A.


These three pie charts illustrates the relation between population, resources
consumption rate and personal expenditure of five factors, including American
states, European area, Asian countries, African nations and other regions. In general,
the US and Eurozone are the main resources consumers of the world.

The total amount of Americas and Euros resources consumption accounted for 60%
of the world spending annual while their population sized equally at 14% of the
globe. On the other hands, Asian countries, which have the largest proportion of
world population at 57%, shared the rest 40% of global resources with other regions.

It is predictable that people mostly spent their money on basic demands for living.
The personal expenses on food scored the first place in this group at 24%.
Meanwhile, spending on transports was at 18% and equaled to the sum of
expenditures on clothes and housing. The other purposes of spending money costed
humanity 40% of its income.

The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of
water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.

The picture illustrates the way in which water passes from ocean to air to land
during the natural process known as the water cycle.
Three main stages are shown on the diagram. Ocean water evaporates, falls as rain,
and eventually runs back into the oceans again.
Beginning at the evaporation stage, we can see that 80% of water vapour in the air
comes from the oceans. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate, and water
vapour condenses to form clouds. At the second stage, labelled precipitation on
the diagram, water falls as rain or snow.
At the third stage in the cycle, rainwater may take various paths. Some of it may fall
into lakes or return to the oceans via surface runoff. Otherwise, rainwater may
filter through the ground, reaching the impervious layer of the earth. Salt water
intrusion is shown to take place just before groundwater passes into the oceans to
complete the cycle.

The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education. The first chart
shows the reasons why adults decide to study. The pie chart shows how people
think the costs of adult education should be shared. Write a report for a university
lecturer, describing the information shown below.

The bar chart shows the various reasons for adults to study. The two largest reasons
for adult education are having interest in the subject and gaining qualifications. Each
of the two reasons is cited by around 40% of the population surveyed. Next, some
people, 22%, also cite that their study is helpful for their jobs. Almost the same
percentage of the population believe in the possibility of promotion and enjoy
learning processes. Just a few number of people, around 12%, study because they
want to change their jobs or to meet people.
The second chart shows the opinions as to how the cost of each course should be
divided. 40% of the people cite it should be paid by individuals. A slightly smaller
percentage, 35%, of the population says the cost should be supported by employers.
The last group, 25%, believes it should be shared among taxpayers.

The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930
and 1980. Write a report for a university, lecturer describing the information
shown below. You should write at least 150 words.

The table shows that the figures for imprisonment in the five countries mentioned
indicate no overall pattern of increase or decrease. In fact there is considerable
fluctuation from country to country.

In Great Britain the numbers in prison have increased steadily from 30 000 in 1930
to 80,000 in 1980. On the other hand in Australia, and particularly in New Zealand
the numbers fell markedly from 1930 to 1940. Since then they have increased
gradually, apart from in 1980 when the numbers in prison in New Zealand fell by
about 30,000 from the 1970 total. Canada is the only country in which the numbers
in prison have decreased over the period 1930 to 1980, although there have been
fluctuations in this trend. The figures for the United States indicate the greatest
number of prisoners compared to the other four countries but population size needs
to be taken into account in this analysis. The prison population in the United States
increased rapidly from 1970 to 1980 and this must be a worrying trend.

The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-
Cola. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown
below. You should write at least 150 words You should spend about 20 minutes
on this task

The pie chart shows the sales of Coca Cola based on different regions. In general, the
total sale in year 2000 was 17.1 billion bottles. The area that consumed most was
North America with 30.4 percent of the total volume. Next, Latin America stayed at
the second position. Asia and Europe consumed 16.4 percent and 20.5 percent
respectively. The lowest consumers were Middle East and Africa areas at 7 percent.
The graph indicates the share price of Coca Cola between 1996 and 2001. The share
price rose sharply from 1996 to 1997 and reached nearly 70 percent. In 1996, it
slightly reduced to around 55 percent. The figure then went up again and peaked at
80 percent in 1998. There was a gradual drop in the share price after that. It hit the
lowest point which was below 50 percent and then rose up again. From the middle
of year 2000 to 2001, the share price kept reducing.

The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects up-
to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts.

The figure shows the process which is used to collect up-to-the-minute information
on the weather by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.

There are four stages in the process. Firstly, information is collected through various
channels including satellite, radar and drifting buoy. The data then goes through the
analysis and forecasting stage. Next, in the stage of preparing the broadcast, all the
analysis and information from various sources in the second stage will be collected
and processed by computers. Finally, it is broadcasted to different media such as
television and radio.
Looking at the second stage, there are three different ways to present the data
collected from satellite, radar and drift buoy. Satellite photos are created by satellite
stations. Radar screens and synoptic charts are created by radar stations and drift
buoys respectively. The information collected by radar stations can also come from
satellites and drift buoys can receive information from both satellites and radar
stations.

The charts below show the number of Japanese tourists travelling abroad between
1985 and 1995 and Australian share of the Japanese tourist market. Write a report
for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should
write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The number of Japanese tourists traveling abroad between 1985 and 1995 is
reflected in the bar chart.
Firstly, from 1985 to 1990, there was a steady increase in the number of tourists in
Japan. In 1990, it reached around 11 million tourists. After that, the figure was
slightly reduced to just right above 10 millions. Next, the number of Japanese
tourists kept increasing from 1993 to 1995. There was a significant increase in 1995
which was more than 15 million tourists.
The graph indicates the percentage of the number of Japanese tourists who come to
Australia. Between 1985 and 1988, the number of Japanese tourists traveling to
Australia rose sharply and reached almost 5 percent. However, in 1989, it declined
to just over 4 percent. From 1989 to 1993, there was a steady increase in the
Australian share of Japans tourist market with the maximum value of around 6
percent. In 1994, the figure was slightly decreased.

Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily
since the middle of the 19th century. The map below shows the development of the
village. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the development of the
village.

The figure shows how the village Chorleywood was developed between 1868 and
1994. As illustrated, there are four main periods. The first period lasted for 15 years
and began in 1868. During that time, there was just a very small group of people
living along the main road near Chorleywood Park. In the second period starting
from 1883 to 1922, more people started spreading around Chorleywood station with
twice the size of the population in the first period. The population was even bigger
in the third period which happened after that and continued until 1970. Instead of
living around the station, they went to live along the railway opposite to the side of
Chorleywood Park. Finally, between 1970 and 1994, the population had reached 10
times larger than it was in the first period. During this 24-year period, there were a
huge number of buildings located along the two sides of motorway.

The chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in
Britain. The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods. Write a report
for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

There is a research about the consumption of fast foods and the expenditure per
week in Britain which is reflected in the two diagrams above.
The chart shows the expenditure based on different income groups. For the high
income group, people spend mostly on hamburger with around 43 pence per week
per person. They spend much less in Fish and chips, or pizza with approximately 15
pence per week. Next, for the average income group, hamburger is also the most
favourite food for which people spend more than 30 pence per week, followed by
fish and chips at 24 pence, then pizza at 11 pence. According to the study, low
income earners spend less than people from the other two groups do. Surprisingly,
fish and chips are favoured most with the expenditure of slightly more than 15
pence per week compared to fast foods. They spend a bit less for hamburger than
for fish and chips at around 14 pence per week. Finally, they spend roughly 7 pence
per week for pizza.
The trends in consumption of fast foods are reflected in the second graph. As can be
seen, there is a fast growing trend in the consumption of hamburger, and fish and
chips. Pizza was consumed most in 1970 but the consumption declined from 1970 to
1985, followed by a small increase in 1990. Fish and chips were always consumed
more than hamburger was. During the period from 1970 to 1990, the discrepancy in
the consumption between fish and chips, and hamburger kept growing faster.

The graph below shows the changes in maximum number of Asian elephants between 1994 and 2007.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

model answer:
The graph shows the estimated maximum population of elephants in a range of Asian countries in
both 1997 and 2004.
In most of the countries included in the graph, the population fell. This was most noticeable in
Malaysia and Thailand, where the number of elephants was thought to be less than half the figure in
1997. In the former, the number of elephants dropped as low as 1000. India remained the country
with by far the largest elephant population, but experienced a dramatic fall in numbers so that in 2004
there may have been as few as 7500. Despite its size, China had a very small population of at most
500 elephants by 2004.
Although the trend was downwards overall, elephant populations were thought to have remained
stable in Laos and Vietnam at approximately 1200. The only country where elephants showed signs
of recovering was Cambodia, where numbers may have risen by up to 200.
(155 words)
The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.
Brick manufacturing

model answer:
The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in seven
consecutive steps.
First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to
be dug up by a digger.
Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into
much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further segregates
the bits of clay. Sand and water are added to make a homogenous mixture, which is then either
formed in moulds or cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.
Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours, several
dozen if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are then transferred to a so-called kiln,
another type of high temperature oven. First they are kept at a moderate temperature of 200C
1300C. This process is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in a cooling
chamber.
Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and delivered to their
final destination, be it a building site or storage.
(217 words)
Band 9

This response fully satisfies the requirements of the task. All key features of each stage of the
process are appropriately and accurately presented. An excellent overview is given at the beginning
of the response and this skilfully incorporates part of the rubric, changing the grammatical function, to
give a brief summary of the whole process. The message is very easy to read with seamless
cohesion that attracts no attention. Paragraphing, linking and referencing are all skilfully managed.
The language used is very fluent and sophisticated. A wide range of vocabulary and structures are
used with full flexibility and accuracy. Only rare minor slips can be found and these do not detract
from the high rating.
This script is a good example of a Band 9 performance.

The bar chart below shows the production of the worlds oil in OPEC and non-OPEC countries.
Write a short report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

model answer:
The graph gives past, present and future data concerning the production of worlds oil on OPEC and
non-OPEC countries. The figures indicate that while the production of oil in Middle Eastern OPEC
countries is predicted to increase considerably, oil production elsewhere is likely to fall.
Between 1980 and 2000, most of the worlds oil came from non-OPEC countries; only two million
barrels per day were produced by OPEC countries. Since then, these figures have changed
considerably. Between 2000 and 2010 it is predicted that approximately 10 million barrels will come
from Middle Eastern OPEC countries, while a further 10 million barrels will be provided by other
OPEC or non-OPEC countries.
Although forecasters predict that oil production is likely stabilise between 2010 and 2020, a lot more
of this oil is expected to come from the Middle Eastern OPEC countries, and under 5 million barrels
per day from other areas.
(149 words)

The bar charts below show the Marriage and Divorce Statistics for nine countries in 1981 and 1994.

As we can see from the information, there was a general trend for the number of marriage to
decrease over 13 years in most of the countries. In 1981, the USA had the most marriages (10.6 per
thousand) but by 1994 this had fallen to 9.1 per thousands. The number of marriages also fell
substantially in Finland and France. The only country where there was an increase in the number of
marriage was Denmark.
By comparison the rate of divorce increased in most countries over the same period. The only
exceptions to this trend were Germany, where there was no change, and the USA and Denmark,
where the figure fell. The country with the fewest divorce in both 1981 and 1994 was Italy.

The table below gives statistics about the size of US households over a number of years. (Household = all
the people living together in one house.) Study the information and answer the question.
US household by size 1790-1990
Year
Per cent distribution of number of households
Average population
per household
1
person
2
person
3
person
4
person
5
person
6
person
7
person
1790 3.7% 7.8% 11.7% 13.9% 13.9% 13.2 35.8%
5.4
1890 3.6% 13.2% 16.7% 16.8% 15.1% 11.6% 23.0%
4.9
1990 24.6% 32.2% 17.2% 15.6% 6.7% 2.3% 1.4%
2.6
model answer:
We can see from the table that households in the US have become much smaller over the last 200
years. Households in 1790 had an average of 5.4 members but by 1990 the figure had fallen by about
half to only 2.6.
In 1790 35.8% of all households had seven members. This was still the most common household size
in 1890 but the proportion had dropped slightly to 23%. One-person households were the least
common, representing less than 4% of the total in both 1790 and 1890. By 1990, however, there had
been a major change. Now only about 1% of household had seven members, while 56.8% of all
households consisted of only one or two people.

The chart below gives information about global population percentages and distribution of wealth by
region.
relevant.

model answer:
The chart compares population shares in various regions of the world with the distribution of wealth in
these same regions. It can be seen that population shares in almost all cases do not relate to the
distribution of wealth.
Even though North America has only approximately 6% of the worlds population, it boasts nearly
34% of global wealth. A similar situation can be seen in Europe, which has 15% of the global
population but 30% of global wealth, and the rich (high income) Asia-Pacific countries with 5% of the
worlds population but 24% of its wealth.
On the other hand, the total wealth of people in China, India, Africa, Latin America and Caribbean,
and the other poor (lower income) countries in Asia-Pacific is far less than their shares of the world
population. This is most striking in India, where 16% of the worlds population own only 1% of the
worlds wealth and in China, which has the highest percentage of global population (24%) but only
3% of the worlds wealth.
(170words)

The table shows the worldwide market share of the mobile phone market for manufactures in the years
2005 and 2006.
relevant.
Worldwide Mobile phone Sales in 2005 & 2006 (% share of market)
Company 2005 % Market
share
2006 % Market
share
Nokia 32.5 35
Motorola 17.7 21.1
Samsung 12.7 11.8
Sony Ericsson 6.3 7.4
L.G 6.7 6.3
BenQ Mobile 4.9 2.4
Others 19.2 16.2
TOTAL 100.0 100.0

The table gives information on the market share of mobile phone manufactures for two consecutive
years, 2005 and 2006.
In both years, Nokia was clearly the market leader, selling 32.5% of all mobile phones in 2005, and
slightly more (35%) in 2006. This is a greater market share than its two closest competitors, Motorola
and Samsung, added together.
Motorola increased its market share from 17.7% in 2005 to 21.1% in 2006. In contrast, Samsung saw
its share of the market decline slightly from 12.7% to 11.8%.
The other companies listed each had a much smaller share of the market. Sony Ericssons share
increased from 6.3% in 2005 to 7.4% in 2006 whereas L.G decreased slightly from 6.7% to 6.3%.
BenQ Mobiles share more than halved from 2005 to 2006; from 4.9% of the market to only 2.4%.
Other mobile phone manufactures accounted for 19.2% of the market in 2005- more than all the
companies mentioned except Nokia. However, in 2006 the other companies only made 16.2% of
mobile phone sales- less than both Nokia and Motorola.

The table below gives information about rail transport in four countries in 2007.
relevant.

Country
Number of People using
rail transport (not
including metro)
Passenger
kilometres per
head of
population
Cargo
carried
(billions of
tons)
Malaysia 5.9 770
22.2
Canada 0.3 80
2820
China 27 1980
23.01
UAE 5.5 780
21.9
model answer:
The table shows details for four countries concerning the percentage of the population who use the
railways, how many kilometres each person travels on average, and the number of tons of cargo the
railways carry.
What is surprising is that very few Americans use rail- less than half of one per cent- and they do not
travel far (just 80 kilometres). However, the Canada carries by far the most cargo, nearly 3 thousand
billion tons. This contrasts greatly with China, where 27% of the population use rail, and they each
travel further (1980 kilometres) than any of the other countries. On the other hand, less than 25 billion
tons of freight is carried.
The two countries which are most similar are the Malaysia and UAE. Both have between 5 and 6% of
people who use trains, they travel between 770 and 780 kilometres and the amount of freight is
approximately the same (22.2 and 21.9 billion tons respectively).
In general it can be seen that while citizens of the Canada use rail transport the least, they transport
the most amount of cargo by rail.

The flow chart illustrates the consequence of deforestation. Summarise the information by selecting and
reporting the main features.

model answer:
The flow chart shows what typically occurs as a consequence of deforestation. When trees are
removed, there are four main immediate effects, which eventually result in flooding, degraded
vegetation and a loss of biodiversity.
One immediate effect is soil which has been compacted by heavy equipment. The result hard, baked
soil contributes to the run off of rain water and, eventually, flooding.
Another immediate consequence of logging is a reduction in the number of roots holding the soil
together. This leads to soil erosion. As a consequence, the quality and variety of vegetation is
compromised.
The third immediate effect is burning, both deliberate and a consequence of an increased risk of
forest fires. The waste that remains after loggings is destroyed and the microorganisms that feed on
this material are lost. This leads to degraded vegetation.
The final immediate consequence is a reduction in the amount of moisture plants return to the air.
Because there is less moisture in the air, there is less precipitation and an increased incidence of
drought. This too reduces plant growth and ultimately results in degraded vegetation and a loss of
biodiversity.
relevant.

model answer:
The diagram shows how fresh applet is canned. First the apple is picked from trees by hand. It is then
transported to the cannery by large trucks. At the cannery the apple is washed and quality checked,
and any poor quality apple is rejected.
The good quality apple is put into cold storage. When it is ready for canning the apple is weighted and
graded. The grading ensures that the apple of a similar size is kept together. After this the apple is
peeled and the cores are removed. It is then sliced into the required sizes and put into cans. Juice or
syrup is also added to the cans.
Once the cans have been filled they are sealed and cooked over heat to ensure that the cans are
sterilized. When the cans are cool, a label is attached and they are placed into storage. The
canned apple is now ready to be despatched to supermarkets and sold.
(158 words)

The bar chart shows different methods of waste disposal in four cities; Toronto, Madrid, Kuala Lumpur
and Amman. Summarize the information by describing the main features of the chart and making
comparisons where appropriate.

model answer:
The bar chart depicts four types of waste disposal in four cities. Landfill was the most popular method
of waste disposal in Toronto and Amman. Toronto used landfill for disposing of about three-quarters
of its waste with the remaining quarter split between incineration, recycling and composting.
Amman used landfill for disposing of almost half of its waste with most of the rest being incinerated.
Incineration was the most popular method of waste disposal in Madrid and Kuala Lumpur.
Kuala Lumpur disposed of more than half its waste by incineration with less than one quarter going
for recycling and even less still going for landfill and composting. Recycling was the second least
popular method of waste disposal.
No cities disposed of more than 25% of its waste by recycling and in the case of Toronto, it was less
than 10%. Composting was the least common method of waste disposal. No cities disposed of more
than 10% of its waste by compositing and Amman hardly did any composting.
(166 words)

The table below gives information on internet use in six categories by age group.
Internet activities by age group
Age group
Activity%
Teens 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70+
Get News 76 73 76 75 71 74 70
Online games 81 54 37 29 25 25 32
Downloads 52 46 27 15 13 8 6
Product research 0 79 80 83 79 74 70
Buying a product 43 68 69 68 67 65 41
Searching for people 5 31 23 23 24 29 27
model answer:
Comparing activities, we can see that getting news is the most popular activity with users of all ages.
At least 70% of people use the internet to get news.
Whilst 80% of teenagers play online games, this table drops to 54% of people in their twenties and
37% of people in their thirties. Online gaming reaches a low of 25% with people in their fifties and
then increases in popularity with older people.
Downloads activity display a similar trend to internet games, but they are less popular in general and
decline markedly with people over age 40. Only 6% of people over age 70 download.
Online Product research is made by over seventy percent of all people except for teenagers who do
not research product. Product research peak in the forties age group, when almost three-quarters of
people research for product in this way.
Buying a product online is equally popular with all internet users except those at either end of the age
scale: teens and internet users age 70 or older. Searching for people online is done by between one-
quarter and one-third of people depending on age, except for teenagers who make only five searches
out of every 100.
The pie charts below show the percentage of housing owned and rented in the UK in 1991 and
2007. Summarize the information by describing the main features of the charts and making comparisons
where appropriate.
Housing owned and rented in the UK

model answer:
The pie charts compare home ownership and renting for 1991 and 2007 in percentage terms. In
1991, home owner were the most popular type of housing, accounting for 60%, or more than over half
of all homes. The next largest sector was social rented homes, amounting to 23% or nearly one-third
of homes. The remaining homes were mostly privately rented (11%) with a tiny fraction being social
housing (6%).
Sixteen years later, in 2007, the number of home owners had risen to 70%, or almost three quarters
of all homes. This was an increase of 10% compared with 1991. Much of the increase in home
ownership can be explained by the decrease in social rented homes, which had dropped from 23% to
17%.
The percentage of privately rented homes had remained unchanged at 11%. However, there were 5
million more homes in 2007 compared with 1991 so the number of rented homes had increased
despite the same percentage. Social housing has decreased three-fold from 6% in 1991 to 2% in
2007, and it remains the least popular type of housing.

The graph gives information about drinking habits of the US population by age. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

model answer:
The bar chart shows information about peoples drinking behavior by age group in the US. Several
trends are evident.
The highest proportion of those who never drink (nearly two-thirds) was in the 16 to 24 years group.
The proportion tended to decrease with age. Only 40 per cent of people aged 65 to 74 had never
drink.
On the other hand, the percentage of those who had quit drinking tended to increase with age. Only 5
per cent of those in the youngest age group (16 to 24) were ex-drinkers, as opposed to roughly 40
per cent of those aged 65 to 75.
The percentage of those classed as heavy drinkers also showed a distinct pattern. People in middle
age (35 to 54) tended to be the heaviest drinkers approximately 13 per cent of the total. A relatively
small proportion of those in the youngest age group, and an even smaller percentage of those in the
oldest group (roughly 3 per cent) drink heavily.
Overall, age appears to be a significant factor in patterns of drinking behavior.

The table shows the average length of YouTube video advertisements and average length of time viewers
spend watching them. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
Average YouTube Video ad length and time viewed
Type of YoTube ad
Average length of
YoTube ad (seconds)
Average time
viewed(seconds)
Public service 66.7
28.1
Business and finance 35.1
24.6
Entertainment and news 30.8
26.5
Travel 28.7
23.0
Technology 39.3
20.9
Retail 26.5
20.1
Consumer electronics 24.9
17.3
Clothing 23.4
16.6
Pharmaceuticals 21.8
16.0
Lifestyle 33.7
14.3
Overall 38.1
20.4
The table shows the average length of YouTube video advertisements by sector and average length
of time viewers spent watching these advertisements.
The average length of the advertisements varied from a low of 21.8 seconds for pharmaceuticals to a
high of 66.7 for public service advertisements. With the exception of government- and technology-
related advertisements, in general, products and services which required a large financial
commitment tended to have longer advertisements. Entertainments, financial services and travel
advertisements, for example, were all twenty eight seconds on average or longer. Less expensive
products, on the other hand, such as consumer electronics, clothing and medicines, tended to have
shorter advertisements.
Adverts for more expensive products or services also tended to be watched for longer than adverts
for less expensive items. Viewers on average watched more than 50 per cent of advertisements for
entertainment, travel, business and finance. In contrast, viewers tended to watch less of government
advertisements and advertisements for cheaper goods such as consumer electronics, clothing and
medicines.
Overall, length of YouTube video advertisements and length of time spent viewing such
advertisements appears to be associated with the perceived cost of the product or service being
advertised.

The table shows the percentage of journeys made by different forms of transport in four countries, The
bar graph shows the results of a survey into car use.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
Journeys made by Canada Belgium Germany
Netherland
Car 90% 72% 68%
47%
Bicycle 1% 2% 2%
26%
Public transport 3% 12% 18%
8%
On foot 5% 11% 11%
18%
Other 1% 3% 1%
1%
Most cited reasons people travel to work by car (Canada)

The table compares modes of transport used in four countries: Canada, Belgium, Germany and the
Netherlands. Percentage of journeys made by car, bicycle, public transport and on foot are given. The
bar chart shows the results of a survey into reasons people in the Canada travel to work by car.
As can be seen from the table, cars were the most frequently used from of transport in all four
countries. However, the proportion of journeys made by car ranged from a low of 47 per cent in the
Netherlands to a high of 90 per cent in the Canada. Figures for the other forms of transport also
varied considerably. Not surprisingly, in the Netherlands, a high proportion of trips were made by
bicycle (26%) and on foot (18%). The highest rate of public transport use was in Germany, where
nearly one in five journeys was made by public transport.
The bar chart provides information that may help explain why car use in the Canada. The most
frequently cited reason was lack of any other alternative (38%). Although a sizeable percentage said
it was more convenient (12%), the other factors listed appeared to relate more to need than
preference, e.g. working night shift.
Overall, the figures show considerable variation in modes of transport used, though the car continues
to dominate in most contexts.

he bar graph below shows the numbers of male and female research students studying six computer
science subjects at a US university in 2011.
Summarise the information by selecting and report in the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

model answer:
The bar chart shows the gender distribution of students doing computer scientific research across a
range of disciplines at a US university in 2011.
In five of the six disciplines, males outnumbered females. Male students made up a particularly large
proportion of the student group in subjects related to the study of programming objects: mathematics,
programming, and engineering. The gender gap was particularly large in the field of mathematics,
where there were five times as many male students as female students.
Men and women were more equally represented in subjects related to the study of computer science:
natural sciences, psychology, and linguistics. In natural science, there were nearly as many women
[approximately 200] as men [approximately 240]. This was also true of psychology. Linguistics was
the only discipline in which women outnumbered men [roughly 110 women vs. 90 men].
Overall, the chart shows that at this university, computer science subjects continue to be male-
dominated; however, women have a significant presence in fields related to psychology and the
computer sciences.

The pie charts show the average consumption of food in the world in 2008 compared to two countries;
China and India.

model answer:
The graphs illustrate the consumption of 4 types of food used in the word in 2008. The figures are
compared to the amounts of food used in china and India in the same year.
As an overall trend, the two countries showed different food consumption from the world average,
while processed food consumption still had the largest percentages in all the three charts.
In particular, processed food consumption was the highest in the in the world, accounting for 41%,
which was followed by vegetables and fruits at 29% and animal food at a quarter. Only 4% consisted
of nut and seeds consumption.
Likewise, China used processed food in the largest proportion of 39%. Animal food showed the same
figure as the worlds average, 25%. Vegetable and fruits was used at 23% while nuts and seeds
showed less than a half figure.
In India, both vegetable and processed food were used the most in the year 2008 with percentages of
34% and 32% respectively, nuts and seeds used in this country showed the largest proportion among
the three charts given, making up 19% at this time.

The diagram shows the procedure for university entry for high school graduates.
Write a report for a university or college lecturer describing the information.

The flowchart illustrates the various steps that a high school student must follow to enter university.
Once the high school has been obtained, students need to complete an application for university
entrance. This can be downloaded from the university website. The completed application should
then be sent to the administration.
Applicants receive a reply two weeks later which is provisional acceptance, a rejection or an
acceptance. If a rejection is received, students can either cancel their application altogether or
complete an application for an alternative course and send to the administration office.
A provisional acceptance means that more documentation is required. Applicants in this situation
should complete the additional documentation and submit them to the office. When an acceptance is
received, the applicant should complete the enrolment form and select which subjects he or she
wishes to undertake and register with the dean. When all this is complete, the applicant may enter
university.

The graphs show changes in spending habits of people in UK between 1971 and 2001.

model answer:
The pie charts show changes in UK spending patterns between 1971 and 30 years later, 2001.
As an overall trend, increased amounts of money spent on cars, computers and eating out were
made up for by drops in expenditure on food and books.
In detail, food and car made up the two biggest item of expenditure in both years. Together they
comprised over half of household spending in the UK. Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1971,
but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 2001. However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 22%
in 1971 to 43% in 2001.
Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The
proportion of salary spent on computers increased dramatically, up from 2% in 1971 to 12% in 2001.
However, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%.

The pie chart below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in UK in
2002.
relevant.
Proportion of people from each household type living in poverty

The pie chart examines the different type of families who were living in poor conditions in UK in the
year 2002.
As an overall trend, 14% of the entire households in UK at that time were in conditions of poverty. In
general, single people struggled more than couples.
In particular, as far as people with children are concerned, sole parents showed the highest
percentage of 26% among all the given categories while couples with children accounted for a
relatively smaller percentage of 15%.
When it comes to people with no children, single people made up a large percentage of 24%, which is
almost the same figure for single people with children. On the other hand, only 9% of the couples
without any children suffered from poverty in 2002. In terms of aged people, singles had a slightly
higher percentage than couples. Only 7% and 5% of the aged population had hardships in their living
circumstances.

The bar charts below give information about the railway system in six cities in Europe.
relevant.

The bar charts illustrate comparable information related to railway systems in six capital cities in
Europe; Paris, Stockholm, Lisbon, Rome, Madrid and Berlin.
In general, railway systems in different cities vary in terms of the start dates of each system, the
sizes, and the numbers of passengers using the systems in a year.
As far as the ages are concerned, Paris has the oldest railway system among the six cities. It was
opened in the year 1863, which is incomparable to the other cities. On the other hand, Berlin has the
newest railway system which was opened in Europe 2001.
In terms of the sizes, Paris, for certain, has the longest route, 394km, which is nearly twice the figure
for Stockholm. Madrid, in contrast, has the shortest route in its railway system, only 28km.
When it comes to the numbers of people using the railway system in each, Lisbon shows the largest
number of 1927 million passengers in a year while Madrid serves the smallest number of railway
users, 45 million.

The bar graph indicates sales figures for reading materials from 2002 to 2012.
Write a report to a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

model answer:
The graph shows the changes in the sales of four different types of publications for a decade since
2002.
In general, all the given categorise except hobbies book showed a rising trend in the sales over the
period. The sales of history books were the highest while those of art books were the lowest.
In particular, the sales of the biggest sellers, history books, experienced an overall growth during the
period. The sales were around 4500 copies in 2002, and then reached a peak of 10000 in 2008.
Although the figure dropped slightly after then, history books remained the greatest sellers with
around 9000 copies sold in 2012.
The sales of art books and entertainment books showed a similar pattern of a steady growth. The
figure for art books increased slowly from around 1500 copies in 2002 to just under 4000 in 2012
while that for entertainment books went through a moderate rise from approximately 1300 copies in
2002 to 3000 in 2012.
On the other hand, the last category, hobbies book, did not show an upward trend. The sales of
hobbies book showed the lowest sales figures, and the figure generally remained constant at
between 500 and 700 copies.

The graphs show figures relating to hours worked and stress levels amongst professionals in eight groups.
Describe the information shown to a university or collage lecturer.

model answer:
Two graphs give different information related to eight professional groups. The bar chart indicates the
number of weekly work hours done by the groups while the pie graph illustrates the percentages of
people suffering from stress related illness in the different professions given.
In general, business men work the longest among the eight groups while the smallest amount of time
is normally worked by lecturers. According to the pie chart, lecturers struggle the most with work-
related stress. Although their average working hours is smaller than any other group in the chart,
lecturers suffer from the highest level of stress caused by their job.
The bar graph shows that business men and movie producers work the most at about 70 hours and
62 hours per week respectively. At the opposite end of the scale, lecturers work only around 25
hours. Working hours of other professionals varied with doctors, writers, programmers, lawyers and
chefs working approximately 52, 46, 35 and 32 hours per week in the name ordered.
The pie graph shows that the professional who has the highest incidence of stress related illnesses is
lecturers at 25%. Movie producers and doctors also have high rates with 18% and 15% each. The
figures for business men, lawyers, chefs and writers can be grouped into percentages between 11
and 8%. The lowest rate of stress illness is attributed to programmers at only 5%, which is only a fifth
the figure for lecturers.

The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in Netherland between 2001 and
2006.
Average distance in miles travelled per person per year, by mode of travel

2001
2006
Walking 255
237
Bicycle 51
41
Car 3199
4806
Local bus 429
274
Local distance bus 54
124
Train 239
366
Taxi 13
42
Other 450
585
All modes 4740
6475

The chart illustrates average distance travelled by various modes of transport in Netherland in 2001
and 2006. The figures are given in miles and to show how peoples preference changed over time.
In general, people in Netherland travelled more in the year 2006 than in 2001. Cars showed
unparalleled figures among the given categories. Except walking, using bicycles and taking local
buses, most of the categories showed overall increases in the distance travelled.
In detail, a person driving his own car travelled 3,199 miles on average in 2001, and the average
distance showed a moderate rise to 4,806 miles in 2006. Apart from cars, taking trains, using long
distance buses and taxis also experienced an overall growth in their figures from 289 miles to 366,
from 54 miles to 124, and from 13 miles to 42 respectively in the order named.
On the other hand, walking and rising bicycles were not more favored by Dutch people. Both
categories showed a moderate decline in their figures. Meanwhile, the number of people who used
local buses must have dropped significantly as the average distance experienced a dramatic fall from
429 miles in 2001 to 274 miles in 2006.
The graphs indicate the source of complaints about the bank of America and the amount of time it takes
to have the complaints resolved.
Summarise the information by selecting and report in the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

The two graphs depict different information related to complaints within the bank of America. The pie
graph shows the sources of complaints, while the bar graph illustrates the average time taken
between investigation into complaints and final action taken.
In general, by far the highest number of complaints against the bank of America originated from the
public. The bar graph shows the average time period between investigation and action is around 5
months.
63% of all complaints against the bank of America are lodged by the public. Of the remaining 37% of
complaints, the figures can be grouped into percentages between 11 and 8%, which are made up of
government agencies, out-of-state agencies, and insurance companies. Then interestingly, media
and bank employee made up and equal figure, 3% in the chart.
The bar graph shows that 2001 had the highest waiting time for complaints of medical misconduct at
6 months. Although there is a significant drop from 6 months in 2001 to 5 months in 2002, all previous
and proceeding years display an average waiting period of 5 months. Despite this, over time the
average waiting period is decreasing.
The pie graphs show the nutritional consistency of two dinners.

The graphs compare the proportion of various nutritional compounds contained in two different foods;
macaroni and medium baked potato.
In general, there are a larger percentage of carbohydrates and saturated fats in macaroni than in
medium baked potato. In contrast, medium baked potato has a much higher amount of protein and
glucose.
In particular, macaroni mainly consists of large amounts of carbohydrate and saturated fats.
Carbohydrates take up slightly more than a half, 52%, while a little less than a quarter is made up of
saturated fats. The other nutrients show relatively lower proportions.
On the other hand, medium baked potato is mostly comprised of carbohydrates and protein. The
amount of carbohydrates in the food is less than in macaroni, but they still take up the greatest
percentage of 35% in medium baked potato. Interestingly, this dinner cereal has a large amount of
protein with 25%, which is very different from macaroni. The other types of nutrients do not show
significant figures in the pie chart.

The diagram below shows two different processes for manufacturing black tea.
MANUFACTURING TEA

The diagram shows the two processes for manufacturing black tea. The traditional way is used for
making loose tea and modern process is ideal for teabags.
When collecting tea, the tea picker picks only the two top leaves and the bud of ensure a high quality
tea. Then, the tea leaves go through withering, where leaves are spread out and air is passed
through withering, where leaves are spread out and air is passed through them to remove up to 60
per cent of their moisture.
After that, the leaves are ready for rolling or cutting. Factories use traditional methods of rolling and
crushing or faster modern methods of cutting, tearing and curling to make teabags. In both
processes, natural enzymes are produced from the leaves. The next step is oxidation, where the
enzymes from the leaves mix with the air. This changes the colour of the leaves from green to copper
and creates a nice flavour and aroma. Finally, the leaves are fired and dried. By this stage, little
moisture remains in the tea-just three per cent.

The diagram shows the relationship between a numbers of different languages. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The diagram shows the varieties of English spoken throughout the world and how they are related.
There are two main branches of English: British English and American English. The British English
Branch is geographically wide-spread. It extends across several continents from the West Indies,
through the British Isles themselves, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, the Far East and Australasia. In
addition to the four varieties of English spoken in the British Isles (i.e. in Ireland, Wales, Scotland and
England), it includes a large number of other varieties, for instance Jamaican English, South Africa
English, and Australian English.
The American branch is largely restricted to the American continent. It comprises the varieties of
English spoken in the different region of the United States itself, as well as in Canada. Beyond the
continent, the extent of its influence is limited to the Philippines in the Far East and American Samoa
in the Pacific.
In brief, the diagram shows that, like the economic and political influence of the Anglo Saxon
countries, the reach of English has extended to virtually every region of the world.

The barchart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in Australia,
divided into three categories, from 2001- 2008.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

The chart shows the time spent by Australian resident on different types of telephone calls between
2001 and 2008.
Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billion minutes in 2001 to
just under 90 billion in 2003. After peaking at 90 billion the following year, these calls had fallen back
to the 2001 figure by 2008.
National and international fixed line calls grew steadily from 38 billion to 61 billion at end of the period
in question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.
There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 2 billion to 46 billion minutes. This rise was
particularly noticeable between 2005 and 2008, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.
To sum up, although local fixed line calls were still most popular in 2008, the gap between the three
categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of the period in question.

The pie charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Oman and Spain in 2005 anf
projections for 2055.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

The pie charts show significant comparison of age groups in Oman and Spain. Initial statistics are
concerning 2005 and some predictions about the ages of the populations are made referring to 2055.
It is apparent from the charts people who were under consisted half of the population of Oman in
2005. 48% and a negligible 4% of Oman population were 15-59 and 60 and over respectively.
However, following a half century is assessed to bring staggering alteration of dominant positions in
Oman population. Proliferation from 48% to 57% can be cited as example which will make 15 to 59
year old Oman people dominant in 2055.
However, in 2005, 62 percent of Spanish people were between 19 and 59. Predictions about that
status illustrate not significant alterations in the dominance of age groups.
Overall, it is important to note that, in 2055, proportion of people under 14 will slide away in both
countries. However, this trend will cause middle aged people to take over dominant position solely in
Oman.
The bar chart below give information about five countries spending habits of shopping on consumer
goods in 2012. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make

The chart compares the spending habits of shoppers in five European countries on six consumer
products, namely console games, outdoor game accessories, cosmetics, books, toys and camera.
Overall, more money was spent on the latter two than on any other product.
It can be observed that in Britain, the highest amount of money was spent on camera (more than 160
million pounds), while similar amounts were spent on console games and outdoor game accessories.
The Austrian spent the second highest amount of money on the first three products while they stood
last in the latter three. It is also revealed that Spanish spent more money on toys than on any other
product (a bit less than 150 million), but they also paid a lot for camera. Finally, Belgian spent the
least overall, having similar spending figures for all 6 products compared in the bar chart.
To sum up, the British were the biggest spenders in all six categories among the nations compared in
the bar chart while the lowest spending levels were attributed to the residents of Belgium.

The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in millions) of telephone calls in Finland, divided into three
categories, from 1995 2004.

model answer:
The chart shows the time spent by Finlands residents on different types of telephone calls between 1995 and
2004.

Local landline calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 12000 million minutes in 1995 to just under
17000 million in 2000. After peaking at 17000 million the following year, these calls had fallen back to the 1995
figure by 2004.

National and international landline calls grew steadily from 6000 million to 10500 million at the end of the period in
question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.

There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 250 to 9800 million minutes. This rise was particularly
noticeable between 2000 and 2004, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.

To sum up, although local landline calls were still the most popular in 2004, the gap between the three categories
had narrowed considerately over the second half of the period in question.
(155 words)

The graph below gives information about international tourist arrivals in five countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

model answer:
The graph shows the overall numbers of tourist arrivals in five countries between 1995 and 2010. In 1995 over 70
million tourists visited the United States, more than twice as many as the next most popular destination shown,
France. However, between 2005 and 2010 there was a decrease of approximately 1,500,000 in the numbers going
to the United States whereas there was an increase of nearly 20 million tourists visiting France. The result was that
in 2010 the number of tourists arriving in the United States and France was almost equal at around 90 million each.

The number of tourists visiting Malaysia rose steadily over the whole period but by 2010 the total was still under 50
million. The countries with the fewest tourist arrivals were Brazil and Egypt. The number of tourists going there was
similar between 1995 and 2000 but after that there was a greater increase in tourists going to Egypt than to Brazil.
(157 words)

Complete the description of the table using an appropriate word, words or number.
reasons for shopping at ASDA supermarket no. of men
no. of women
close to home 25
20
good reputation 17
22
24-hour shopping 4
0
parking facilities 21
20
friendly staff 6
6
competitive prices 14
17
The table shows the main reasons why ASDA is a popular supermarket for shoppers. The top three reasons are
its location / closeness to home, its reputation and its parking facilities. Of these, the most important reason why
men shop at ASDA is that the shop is close to their home 25 men rated this as an important factor. Women,
however, prefer ASDA to other supermarkets mainly because it has a good reputation / of its reputation. They
rated the location of the supermarket second. A significant number of both men and women also choose to shop at
ASDA because it has / of the / of its good parking facilities.

The women felt / said / thought / considered this was as important as the location of the supermarket. On the
other hand, the attitude of the staff does not seem to be an important factor asonly six women and six men rated
this highly. Surprisingly, almost no one said they prefer to shop / shopping at ASDA because it is open 24 hours a
day.

The table below shows the number of medals won by the top ten countries in the London 2012 Olympic Games.


London 2012 Olympic Games Medal Table
Rank by Gold Country Gold Silver Bronze
Total
1

United States 46 29 29
104
2

China 38 27 23
88
3

Great Britain 29 17 19
65
4

Russia 24 26 32
82
5

South Korea 13 8 7
28
6

Germany 11 19 14
44
7

France 11 11 12
34
8

Italy 8 9 11
28
9

Hungary 8 4 5
17
10

Australia 7 16 12
35
model answer:
The table shows the number of medals won by the top ten countries in the London 2012 Olympic Games. The USA
won greatest number of medals overall with the total of 104. They won more gold medals than silver and more
medals than any other country in both categories. China had the second number of medals at 88, and like the USA,
China won fewer silver medals than gold medals.

While Russias silver medal total was better than Great Britains, they did not do as well as Great Britain in the gold
medals, winning just 24. In fact Great Britain had a lower overall medal total than Russia but, as the table is based
on the number of gold medals won, they were placed third. Similarly, Germany was significantly more successful at
winning medals than South Korea, with a total of 44 compared to South Koreas 28, but because South Korea won
two more gold medals than Germany they were ranked higher. Australia gave the worst performance in this group,
winning only seven gold and sixteen silver medals.

The pie charts below show the average household expenditures in a country in 1950 and 2010.


Average Household Expenditures by Major Category

Look at the phrases in italic. Choose the phrase which sounds more formal.
The two pie charts give information about what households spent their money on / household expenditure on goods
and services in 1950 and 2010. It is immediately obvious that there are some quite significant differences / some
things are significantly different between the two charts.

In 2010 the largest proportion of expenditure was / most money was spent on food whereas in 1950 it was on
housing, with food for just 11.2%. There is a great difference in terms of the amount of money peoples spent on
housing / housing expenditure between the two years. In 1950 72.1% of the total household budget / the total of
what households spent went towards housing, compared to only 22% in 2010.

There has been a notable increase in / People have notably increased the amount of money spent on transportation
between the two dates. In addition, the charts show a significant rise in the proportion of money spent on health
care / that people spent more on health care in 2010 compared to 1950.

There are some similarities, however. For example, in both 1950 and 2010 people spent a similar proportion on
education. / the proportion of education expenditure was roughly the same.
The following diagram shows how greenhouse gases trap energy from the Sun.


Complete the answer by filling the gaps with a word or phrase from the box below.
lead to release result in
subsequently
fell reach less
decades
amounts as a result of

Energy from the Sun reaches the Earth as heat. Some of this heat energy is subsequently/thenradiated into
space, while some of it is trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and reflected back to Earth. This is a
natural process, but in recent decades, human activities have led to an increase in the amounts of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere which is now trapping too much heat.

One of the main greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide, and extra quantities of this are released/have been
released into the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels as a source of energy in power stations, factories
and homes. Exhaust gases from cars and lorries result in/have resulted in further emissions of carbon dioxide.

Plants serve to remove some of the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by absorbing it through their leaves.
However, as large areas of forest are (being) felled/have been felled in the Amazon and
elsewhere, less carbon dioxide is removed in this way.

The bar chart below shows the estimated sales of jeans for two companies next year in Turkey. The pie chart
shows the projected market share of the two companies in jeans at the end of next year.

model answer 1:
The bar chart shows the estimated sales of jeans in thousands of pairs for two companies in Turkey next year.

It is anticipated that purchases of jeans at Mango Co. will rise from 150,000 pairs in January to approximately
500,000 pairs in August, and will remain there until November. For December, sales are expected to be in the
region of 600,000 pairs.

Meanwhile, it is estimated that the sales of jeans for Jack & Jones Co. will begin the year at around 450,000 pairs in
January, falling to about 250,000, before increasing to around 400,000 in June. For the next two months until
August, sales are forecast to remain steady at this level, after which they are expected to rise steadily to hit a peak
of approximately 900,000 pairs in December.

The pie chart shows that, at the end of next year, the anticipated market share for Mango Co. and Jack & Jones Co.
is 20% and 30% respectively.

As can be seen from the chart, the overall sales trends for both companies are forecast to be upwards.
(178 words)
model answer 2:
The bar chart shows the predicted sales of jeans in thousands of pairs for two companies in Turkey; Mango Co. and
Jack & Jones Co. for next year.

The most striking feature is that sales will increase for both companies, It is anticipated that sales of Jack & Jones
Co. will start at 450,000 pairs in January decreasing by 200,000 pairs following month with a gradual recover over
the subsequent four months reaching 400,000 pairs in June. Those of Jack & Jones Co. are predicted to be stable
until August picking up to 600,000 pairs in September and October.

Sales of Jack & Jones will reach a pick of 900,000 in December, For those of Mango Co. is forecasted a gradual
increase with the largest sale of 600,000 pairs in December. In the beginning of the next year those of Mango Co.
will stand at 150,000 pairs falling back to 100,000 pairs in February, rising steadily to 250,000 in June, In subsequent
months sales will reach 450,000 pairs increasing to 500,000 pairs in August, staying stable until November,

Regarding the pie chart the sales of Jack & Jones Co. will share 30% of market whereas those of Mango Co. 20%.
50% of market is set to be shared by other companies.
(211 words)
This answer would probably exceed Band 8

The table below shows the monthly expenditure of an average Australian family in 1991 and 2001.


1991
2001
Australian Dollar Per Month
Food 155
160
Electricity and Water 75
120
Clothing 30
20
Housing 95
100
Transport 70
45
Other goods and services* 250
270
Total 675
715
*Other goods and services: non-essential goods and services
model answer:
The table shows changes in the spending patterns of an average Australian household between 1999 and 2001. In
general, Australian household spending was high in 2001 than in 1991 but the difference was not significant (AUD
$715 per month and AUD $675 per month respectively).

The amount of monthly spending on electricity and water saw a dramatic increase over the 10-year period from
$75 to $120. Yet in terms of the expenditure on non-essential goods and services, the rising trend was less obvious
with a minor increase of $20. At the same time, the amount of money spent on food and housing rose only slightly
from $155 to $160 and $95 to $100 respectively.

However, there was a decrease in expenditure on the other two items. Australians spent one third less on clothing,
which fell from $30 to $20. Similarly, expenditure on transport dropped from $70 in 1991 to $45 in 2001.

It seems that food and other goods and services were the two biggest items of expenditure. Altogether, they
accounted for more than half of the total household spending. By comparison, Australians spent little on dressing
up.

The pie charts below show electricity generation by source in New Zealand and Germany in 1980 and 2010.


Electricity Generation by Source in New Zealand

Electricity Generation by Source in Germany

model answer:
The charts compare the sources of electricity in New Zealand and Germany in the years 1980 and 2010. Between
these years, electricity generation almost doubled, rising from 127 units to 200 in New Zealand, and from 107 to
214 units in Germany.

In 1980 New Zealand used coal as the main electricity source (56 units) and the remainder was produced from
natural gas, hydro power (each producing 30 units) and petroleum (which produced only 11 units). By 2010, coal
had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant
source supplying approximately 20%.

In contrast, Germany used coal as a source for only 28 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural
gas. The remaining 49 units were produced largely from petroleum and nuclear power, with hydro contributing
only 7 units. But by 2010 nuclear power, which was not used at all in New Zealand, had developed into the main
source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 155 units, while coal and petroleum together produced only 55
units. Other sources were no longer significant.

Overall, it is clear by 2010 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: New Zealand relied on coal
and Germany on nuclear power.

The graph below shows the changes in maximum number of Asian elephants between 1994 and 2007.


model answer:
The graph shows the estimated maximum population of elephants in a range of Asian countries in both 1997 and
2004.

In most of the countries included in the graph, the population fell. This was most noticeable in Malaysia and
Thailand, where the number of elephants was thought to be less than half the figure in 1997. In the former, the
number of elephants dropped as low as 1000. India remained the country with by far the largest elephant
population, but experienced a dramatic fall in numbers so that in 2004 there may have been as few as 7500.
Despite its size, China had a very small population of at most 500 elephants by 2004.

Although the trend was downwards overall, elephant populations were thought to have remained stable in Laos
and Vietnam at approximately 1200. The only country where elephants showed signs of recovering was Cambodia,
where numbers may have risen by up to 200.

The chart below shows the GDP growth per year for three countries between 2007 and 2010.


model answer:
The chart shows the annual GDP growth for three countries from 2007 to 2010. By the year 2007 the figure for
Tunisia was by far the highest at close to 6.3% per annum.
This figure is double that of Ecuador and three times that of Japan on a global level.

However by 2008 this trend has changed considerably; the Japanese doubled their annual GDP over this period and
there was also an increase in the GDP of Ecuador, while Tunisia fell to 4.5% per year. In 2009 and 2010, the
downward trend for Tunisia continued falling to a low of 3% at the end of this period.

For Ecuador, the GDP fell sharply to just under 1.5% in the year 2009 and rose only slightly in 2010 to 2.3%. ON the
other hand, for Japan, the GDP figure rose significantly throughout this time and by the year 2010 had more than
matched the GDP figures for Tunisia of the year 2007.

Adjective or Adverb?

Complete the answer by filling the gaps with an adverb or adjective from the box below.

dramatic dramatically impressive
impressively
slight slightly steady
steadily
sharp sharply steep
steeply

The world population grew dramatically between 1960 and 2000.

The world population experienced a dramatic growth between 1960 and 2000.

European City Tourism showed an impressive growth of 50% for three consecutive years from 2006 to 2008.

European City Tourism grew impressively by 50% for three consecutive years from 2006 to 2008.

Diesel consumption showed a slight increase between 2010 and 2011.

Diesel consumption increased slightly between 2010 and 2011.

Consumption of chocolate fell steadily between 1970 and 2010.

There was a steady fall in consumption of chocolate between 1970 and 2010.

Worldwide sales of CD-ROM drives climbed steeply during the first half of the year before fallingsharply in
August.

There was a steep climb in worldwide sales of CD-ROM drives during the first half of the year before a sharp fall in
August.

The chart below shows the percentage of total US population aged 65 and over between 1900 and 2000.


model answer:
The chart shows the percentage of total population aged 65 and over in the U.S. between 1900 and 2000. In the
year 1900 just over 4% of the population was aged over 65. However, by 1960 this figure had doubled.

The number of people aged between 75 and 84 remained fairly steady between 1900 and 1930, making up only 1-
1.3% of the population. The figure began to rise more significantly in 1940 and by 1970 it had tripled to reach 3% of
the population.

Although there was no change in the number of people aged 65 -74 between 1960 and 1970, the number of people
aged 75 and over increased during this time. By the year 2000, 12.4% of the US population had reached the age of
65 or more, although this was slightly lower than in 1990 when it peaked at 12.6%.

The chart shows that today people in the U.S. can expect to live longer than in 1900. By the year 2000 more than
12% of the population had managed to live to the age of 65 and over compared to only 4.1% in 1900.
The chart below shows male and female fitness membership between 1970 and 2000.


model answer:
The chart shows male and female fitness membership over a thirty-year period. The vertical axis represents the
number of members. The horizontal axis represents the period from 1970 to 2000.

Overall, the chart indicates that there were greater fluctuations in fitness membership among men than among
women. The number of male members started the period at just over two thousand and reached highs of four
thousand in 1975 and five thousand around 1995. The lowest rates were in 1985 and more recently in 2000 when
the rate dipped as low as one thousand.

Female fitness membership began lower at one thousand, doubled by 1975, and then fluctuated between two and
three thousand for the remainder of the period. When male rates were at their lowest, female rates were higher.
This was particularly true in 1985 when over three thousand women held fitness membership.

In brief, there were marked differences in rates of male and female fitness memberships in the period covered.
(161 words)

The chart below shows information about the challenges people face when they go to live in other countries.


model answer:
The chart shows the challenges people face when they settle in a new country and how the challenges vary
according to peoples ages.

The most challenging aspect for young people aged 18 to 34 is making new friends, a problem experienced by 46%
of the people in this age group. However, only 36% of 35 - 54 year olds find it hard to make friends, while even
fewer people over 55 (23%) have this problem.

54% of the older age group finds learning the local language the biggest obstacle when settling. In comparison, the
youngest age group finds this easier, and the percentage of people who have problems learning the language is
much lower, at only 29%.

In contrast to their language-learning difficulties, only 22% of people in the oldest age group have trouble finding
accommodation. However, this is the second most significant problem for the other two age groups with 39% to
40% of the people in each group finding it hard.

In general, all age groups experience the same problems to some extent, but people over the age of 55 reported
that they face markedly fewer challenges settling in a new country than their younger respondents.
The charts A and B show the share of the UK and Australian cinema market in 2001 and cinema admission in the UK
and Australia from 1976 to 2006.



Sources: Admission data: BFI, Motion Picture Distributors Association of Australia (MPDAA).
Vocabulary in the report
Read this sample report and fill each space by choosing one of the words in the box.
accounted
compared
dropped
stood
fell
increased
opposed
predominated
recovered
Chart (A) shows the cinema industrys share of the Australian and UK cinema market by origin in 2001. In both
countries, films made in the United States predominated with 77% of the market in the UK compared to 67% in
Australia. UK films accounted for 21% of the UK cinema market and 6% of the Australian market. On the other
hand, while 11% of the films shown in Australia were Australian, no Australian films were shown in the UK. Films
from other countries had 16% of the market share in Australia as opposed/compared to just 2% in the UK.

Chart (B) shows cinema admissions in the UK and Australia since 1976. In both countries cinema
admissions dropped/fell in the early 1980s. In Australia admissions fell/dropped from just under 40 million in
1980 to about 30 million in 19846 while in the UK the decrease was far more dramatic (from 100 million in 1980 to
less than 60 million in 1984). Since then, however, the industry hasrecovered in both countries. In 2001, cinema
admissions in the UK stood at over 150 million, whereas in Australia they reached 90 million.

Overall, the charts show that the cinema has increased in popularity in both countries over the last 15 years, but
that the origins of the films projected in Australia are more diverse than in the UK.

The graph below shows the demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter
and summer. The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make

model answer:
The Demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated
in the graph. The use of electricity in an average English home is shown in the pie chart.
From the graph it is generally obvious that the demand is in its maximum around 2100 in
winter times and in its minimum around 400 being almost constant between 1200 and 2100
in winter times. During summer times on the other hand the demand reaches its top point
around 1300 and the bottom point around 900 being almost constant between 1550 and
2000.

In wither times the curve gradually increases to reach 40000 units of electricity by 3 oclock
in the morning. This is followed by gradual decline to its lowest limit of 30000 units at 9
oclock. A gradual rise is obvious again to reach a stationary level between 3 oclock and 9
oclock of about 40000 units again. Then there is a sharp rise in the next hour to reach its
maximum before collapsing again to a lower level by the end of the day.

In summer time the curve gradually decrease to reach its lower limit around 9 oclock of a
bit more that 10000 units. A gradual increase is noticed to reach its top of 20000 after which
a stationary phase is obvious between 3 oclock and 10 oclock at night of about 15000
units.

The pie chart on the other hand shows that 52.5% of the electricity is used for heating
rooms and water. 17.5% is consumed for ovens kettles and washing machines 15% is used
in lighting TV and radio and finally 15% is consumed in the sue of vacuum cleaners food
mixtures and electric tools.

The chart below shows the number of girls per 100 boys enrolled in different levels of
school education.


model answer:
The chart shows the number of female students per 100 male students in primary,
secondary and tertiary education.

On Average, more boys than girls were enrolled in school both in 1990 and 1998 in all the
countries, except in tertiary education in developed countries. The number of girls per 100
boys was bigger in 1998 than in 1990 in the two country groups and in all the educational
stages.

Turning to the detail, there were more boys than girls in primary and secondary education.
As can be seen, developing countries saw a bigger discrepancy between the numbers of
male and female students than developed countries, with the number of girls per 100 boys
at 83 in 1990 and 87 in 1998 in primary education.

However, in developed countries, the balance of the two was much closer to the ideal,
particularly in secondary education, with 98 girls per 100 boys in 1990 and 99 in 1998.

Regarding tertiary education, the balance was even worse than in any other levels of
education in developing countries with 66 girls enrolled for every 100 boys in 1990 and 75 in
1998. On the other hand, in developing countries, the number of girls overtook that of boys
at 105 per 100 boys in 1990 and 112 in 1998.

The graph below shows the unemployment rates in the US and Japan between March
1993and March 1999.


model answer:
According to the results of the labor-force research published recently, the following
conclusions can be drawn from it:

In March, 1993, United States had seven percent of their workforce which might not seem
disastrous until compared with Japan, where 2.5% were unemployed. However, the
unemployment rate in United States began declining slowly since March 1993, and reached
5% mark in the middle of 1996. Japan turned out to be less lucky, as their unemployment
rate doubled in three years. From then on, the percentage of unemployed workforce in
United States remained roughly the same about 5% until March 99, although there were
minor falls and rises in the unemployment rate.

As for Japan, the percentage of unemployed fell rapidly by 0.50.6% after March 1996, but
from summer 1996 and onwards it grew steadily and without any falls to reach 5.0%
boundary in March 1999.

The major conclusion that Ive drawn using the graph, is that number of unemployed in USA
decreased by about 2.0% in the course of six years, while in Japan it actually increased by
2.5% percent. As a result, in March 99, both Japan and US had about 5% of their work force
unemployed.

If you could change one important thing about your hometown, what would you change?

Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

model answer:
If I could change one thing about my hometown, I think it would be the fact that theres no sense of community
here. People dont feel connected, they dont look out for each other, and they dont get to know their neighbors.

People come and go a lot here. They change jobs frequently and move on. This means that they dont put down
roots in the community. They dont join community organizations and theyre not willing to get involved in trying to
improve the quality of life. If someone has a petition to put in a new street light, she has a very hard time getting a
lot of people to sign. They dont feel it has anything to do with them. They dont get involved in improving the
schools because they dont think the quality of education is important to their lives. They dont see the connection
between themselves and the rest of their community.

People dont try to support others around them. They dont keep a friendly eye on their children, or check in on
older folks if they dont see them for a few days. Theyre not aware when people around them may be going
through a hard time. For example, they may not know if a neighbor loses a loved one. Theres not a lot of
community support for individuals.

Neighbors dont get to know each other. Again, this is because people come and go within a few years. So when
neighbors go on vacation, no one is keeping an eye on their house. No one is making sure nothing suspicious is
going on there, like lights in the middle of the night. When neighbors children are cutting across someones lawn
on their bikes, theres no friendly way of casually mentioning the problem. People immediately act as if its a major
property disagreement.

My hometown is a nice place to live in many ways, but it would be much nice if we had that sense of community.

The tables below give information about the amount of beer and fruit juice consumed per person per year in
different countries.

Beer
Country
Amount*
1 Ireland
155 litres
2 Germany
119 litres
3 Austria
106 litres
4 Belgium
98 litres
5 Denmark
98 litres
6 United Kingdom
97 litres
Fruit juice
Country
Amount*
1 Canada
52.6 litres
2 United States
42.8 litres
3 Germany
38.6 litres
4 Austria
37.3 litres
5 Sweden
35.5 litres
6 Australia
34.4 litres
7 Australia
89 litres
8 United States
85 litres
9 Netherlands
80 litres
10 Finland
79 litres

7 Finland
33 litres
8 United Kingdom
29.3 litres
9 Netherlands
28.1 litres
10 New Zealand
24.8 litres

*Litres per person per year
model answer:
The tables show the amount of beer and fruit juice consumed per person per year in countries around the world.
Beer is most popular in Ireland, with the average Irish drinking 155 litres per year. Germany ranks second with 119
litres per person. In fact, the top six countries in terms of consumption of beer are all European. Australia and The
United States come next in seventh and eighth positions, with Netherland and Finland consuming the least beer of
the countries mentioned. Finnish people only drink an average of 79 litres of beer a year.

The country which consumes by the greatest quantity of fruit juice per capita is Canada. Canadians drink an average
of 52.6 litres each a year, thats almost double the consumption of New Zealand, which is placed at the bottom of
the table. Another North American country, The United States, come second in the table, while German drinkers
are ranked at number three, consuming an average of 38.6 litres annually. Swedes drink approximately the same
quantity of fruit juice as Australians, which is 35.5 litres per year. The Finnish and the British drink 33 and 29.3 litres
per year respectively.

The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992.


model answer 1:
The graph shows the percentage of audiences over 4 yes old of UK follows the radio and television throughout the
day during the period October-December 1992. It has been observed from the graph that less than 10% audiences
follows the radio at 6:00 am and the percentage raised to a pick around 30% at 8AM and decline gradually to
around 10% during the period 200 to 400 Pm and again raised a bi t to around 12% between 400 to 600 PM. It
then again dropped to below 10% at around 10PM. The rate again raised to a bit between 1000 PM to 1200 PM
and then dropped slowly by 400 AM. On the other hand, the rate of television audiences raises 0-10% during the
period 600 to 800 am and remain steady up to 1 0AM and then gradually goes down by 1200 noon. The
percentage raised dramatically to around 15% by 200 noon. The percentage raised dramatically goes down by
1200 noon. The percentage raised dramatically to around 15% by 200 PM which again raised to a pick above 40%
between 600-800 PM and then gradually dropped between the period 1200 PM to 400 AM.
(197 words)
Band 6

model answer 2:
The blue graph shows the television audiences throughout the day. It shows that the percentage of audiences is
three percent in early morning but it gradually rises unto ten percent at 8:00 am and maintains the same for the
next two hours. There is a slight fall in percentage in next two hours however after that it raises sharp unto twenty
percent within the next two hours. After this the graph rises very fast and attains its peak at 10 pm which is about
forty five percent. The graph gradually falls down and at 2:00 am it is at five percent. The red graph shows the
percentage for radio audiences. Unlike the television one the peak percentage of the radio audiences is at 8:00 am
which is about 30 percent. Then it gradually falls and it corresponds with the television one at two pm. After that it
gradually falls but with a small increase in percentage at 4:30 to 6:00 pm. The percentage of audience then
gradually goes down and at four AM it is the lowest which is near 2 percent. These graphs prove the progressive
popularity of television.

The chart below shows the number of men and women in further education in Britain in three periods and
whether they were studying fulltime or part-time.

relevant.

model answer 1:
The bar chart illustrates how many males and females have studied in full-time and part-time education in the
following years: 1970 to 1971, 1980 to 1981 and 1990 to 1991.

It is clear that in all three time periods more people of both sexes were involved in part-time education than
fulltime. Overall the number of men in fulltime education rose from approximately 100 thousand to 200 thousand,
whereas the number of men in part-time education was lower in the early nineties than twenty years earlier.

As far as women are concerned, the numbers increased in both sectors of education. The number of part-time
female students increased dramatically from 700 thousand to 1.2 million in the twenty year period. The amount of
women in fulltime education went up more gradually from 100 thousand in 1971 to just over 200 thousand in
1991. This was similar the increase for fulltime male students.

To sum up, the number of women in both sectors increased significantly while it seems that the rate of men
entering part-time education decreased a little and was fluctuating.

The chart below shows the proportions of the worlds oil resources held in different areas, together with the
proportions consumed annually in the same areas.

relevant.

model answer:
The charts shows the oil resources held, together with the proportions consumed within the same area each year,
in different areas of the world.

It is obvious that the region holding the most oil resources is the Middle East, with 56.52%, over a half of total
world oil resources while in the United States and Asia, the level of oil consumed each year is for more away from
the oil resources they hold. The percentage of total world oil consumption of United States and Asia are 25.48%
and 26.21% respectively. They are the highest oil consumption region in the world.

Another place that is worth mentioned will be the Western Europe. With about twenty percent of total world oil
consumption, the Western Europe merely holds less than 1.5% of the oil resources in the World.

Regions that are not mentioned above have the close percentage between oil holding and consuming whereas
Canada has the highest level of oil holding than consuming, the respective figures are 14.84% and 2.48%.

Overall, the charts suggest that Middle East is the only majority at oil resources held, while Asia, United States and
western have the highest level at oil resources imported.

The chart shows the division of household tasks by gender in Great Britain.

Source: Office for National Statistics on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
Study these three sentences and then write three similar sentences about other parts of the chart.

1 Women spend over twice as much time doing kitchen tasks as men.
2 Men spend 30 minutes a day doing kitchen tasks whereas / while women spend 74 minutes a day.
3 Women are more active in the kitchen than men (74 minutes a day for women as opposed to 30 minutes for
men).
Sample Report
Look at the following sample answer to the writing task.
Write a word in each space.

The chart shows the average number of minutes per day men and women in Great Britain spend on jobs around
the house.

In total, men spend just over two-and-a-half hours on household tasks whereas women spend slightly less than
four hours. Women spend more than twice as much time doing kitchen tasks such as cooking and washing
up as men (74 minutes for women as opposed to 30 minutes for men. Women are also more active in cleaning the
house- it takes 58 minutes of their day compared to / with 13 minutes for men - and childcare, where women put
in more than twice as much time as men.

On the other hand, men are more active in gardening and pet care, where they spend twice as longas women, and
maintenance and DIY, on which they spend 15 minutes more than women. Women account for almost all the time
spent on washing and ironing clothes. This takes them 25 minutes,while / whereas men spend just 2 minutes on
this task.

Overall the figures show that women spend more time on routine domestic chores than men, while /
whereas men do more household maintenance, gardening and pet care.

The chart shows student expenditure over a three-year period in the United Kingdom.
Student expenditure (aged under 26 in higher education) United Kingdom*

Percentage of total expenditure
(1) includes non-essential consumer items and credit repayments
* Source: Student Income and Expenditure Survey. Department for Education and Employment.
Study these three sentences and then write three similar sentences about other parts of the chart.

1 During the period 1996 to 1999, student spent 3% less on accommodation, which fell from 23% to 20% of total
expenditure.
2 There was a 3% decrease in spending on accommodation, which fell from 23% to 20%.
3 Spending on accommodation went down by 3% from 23% to 20%.
Using prepositions
Complete the following sample report by putting a preposition in each space.

The chart shows the changes which took place in student spending in the United Kingdomduring/over the three-
year period from 1996 to 1999.

Students spent 3% less on accommodation, which fell from 23% to 20% of total expenditure, and there was a 2%
decrease in spending on food, bills and household goods, which fell from 20% to 18%. At the same time course
expenditure went down by 3% from 10% to 7%. Children, who constituted 1% of students' expenditure in 1996,
are not represented in 1999.

On the other hand, there was a 5% growth in spending on entertainment, which stood at 26% of total expenditure
in 1996 but rose to 31% in 1999. Spending on other non-essential items and credit repayments grew by 4% to
make up 16% of total expenditure. Spending on essential travel went upby 3% while non-essential travel
underwent a 1% fall.

Overall, with the exception of expenditure on travel, the most significant general change was a
shiftfrom/in spending on essential items to spending on non-essential items.

The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the 1990s.


model answer:
The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural
gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise
in nuclear power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years.

Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in
1990. Coal in 1990 was the second largest source of energy, increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the
previous decade. Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to provide
25% of Americas energy ten years later. There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power
which remained at 5% of the total energy used. Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that
of the 1980s.

The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different areas.


model answer:
The three graphs of wheat exports each show a quite different pattern between 1985 and 1990. Exports from
Australia declined over the five-year period, while the Canadian market fluctuated considerably, and the European
Community showed an increase.

In 1985, Australia exported about 15 millions of tonnes of wheat and the following year the number increased by
one million tonnes to 16 million. After that, however, there was a gradual decline until 1989 and 1990 when it
stabilised at about 11 million tonnes. Over the same period, the amount of Canadian exports varied greatly. It
started at 19 million tonnes in 1985, reached a peak in 1988 of 24 million, dropped dramatically in 1989 to 14
million tonnes and then climbed back to 19 million in 1990. Seventeen million tonnes were exported from the
European Community in 1985, but this decreased to 14 million tonnes in 1986 and then rose to 15 million in 1987
and 1988 before increasing once more to 20 million in 1990.

The table below gives information about Favorite Pastimes in different countries.

Canada 60 22 15 40 3 0 2
France / / 30 20 4 / /
England / / 30 21 4 / 20
Australia 65 30 15 45 5 30 4
Korea 22 21 60 45 2 2 4
China 15 25 60 50 0 5 5
USA 60 23 15 42 23 30 2
Japan / / 62 / / / /

model answer:
This table clearly presents and compares favorable pastimes in eight different countries. The pastimes, across the
top of the table, are analyzed in relation to each country.

As can be seen, about 60% of Canadians, Australians and Americans like watching television. On the other hand,
this figure is quite low for China where only 15% of people watch television. Predictably, Americans like music at
23%, whereas only 2 to 5% of people in the other countries feel the same way. 20% of people in England enjoy
sleeping as a pastime whereas in Canada and the USA, for example, the figure is only 2%. Interestingly, the Chinese
like hobbies the most at 50%, as opposed to only 20% in France. It isnt surprising that the highest percentage of
beach-lovers is in Australia and the USA at 30%.

It seems that pastimes of people of different nationalities may be influenced by a number of factors such as the
socio-economic situation or the climate. These factors influence cultural differences between different nationalities
and make cross-cultural experiences more interesting.


model answer:
In this analysis we will examine three pie charts. The first one is headed World Spending. The second is World
Population and the third is Consumption of Resources.

In the first chart we can see that people spend most of their income (24%) on food. In some countries this
percentage would obviously be much higher. Transport and then housing are the next major expenses at 18% and
12% respectively. Only 6% of income is spent on clothing.

In the second chart entitled World Population, it is not surprising to find that 57% of people live in Asia. In fact
China and India are two of the most populated countries in the world and they are both situated on this continent.
Europe and the Americans account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of people live in Africa.

Finally, the third chart reveals that the USA and Europe consume a huge 60% of the worlds resource.

To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are the highest for Asia and the major
consumers are the USA and Europe.

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