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COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9
TH
CLASS (UNIT # 1)

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THEORY
Question: Describe various units of Babbages analytical Engine.
Store:
This unit store two types of numbers.
i) Numbers entered into machine
ii) Numbers generated at the time of processing.
Mill:
It is processing unit. It performs all arithmetic operations.
Control:
This unit controls all other units. It also transfers number from Store to Mill.
Input:
It enters data and instructions into Store. Input media is in the form of punched
cards.
Output:
It displays the results of calculations.

Question: Name various parts used in the first electromechanical calculator.
Electromechanical Calculators used binary number system.
An early electromechanical machine was Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator (ASCC) or Mark-I. It is designed by Dr. Howard Aiken in 1944.
It was 15.55 meters long and its weight was 5 tons.
It used 3300 electromagnetic relays.

Question: Describe basic features of three generations of computers.
First Generation Computers:
i) They used vacuum tube technology.
ii) Major invention of this generation is Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator (ENIAC).
iii) The concept of stored program was first presented by Dr. John Von
Neumann.
iv) First computer that used stored program concept was Electronic Delayed
Storage Automatic Computer (EDSAC).
v) First commercially successful machine was Universal Automatic Computer
(UNIVAC-I)
vi) This generation computers had following short comings:
a. Very big in size
b. Slow in speed
c. Large power consumption
d. Difficult maintenance.
Second Generation Computers:
i) Transistor was invented in 1948.
ii) As compared to vacuum tubes, transistors are smaller, reliable and
consume less power.
iii) Computers developed in this generation were more efficient and faster.
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COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9
TH
CLASS (UNIT # 1)

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iv) A number of hardware improvements were made in this generation.
i.e. Card readers, magnetic tapes, magnetic disks, printers.
v) These computers used computer languages like simple English.
Third Generation Computers:
i) In 60s, Integrated circuits (ICs) appeared.
ii) IC chip contain transistors, diode and resistances.
iii) These computers were very smaller and consume very less power.
iv) These computers used more versatile programs like real time programming.
v) Their example is IBM computer model 85 of its System/360 series.

Question: Name one model of each generation of computer.
First Generation = UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)
Second Generation = IBM 704 System
Third Generation = IBM computer model 85 of its System/360 series
Forth Generation = Microcomputers or PC with 16-bit microprocessors.
Fifty Generation = PCs with 32-bit & 64-bit microprocessors.

Question: Describe the basic difference between an analog and a digital
computer.
Analog computer:
These computers accept data in continuous form and represent it in
suitable form to perform scientific operation.
Analog data include distance, speed, pressure, temperature, and current etc.
They are used for complex scientific and mathematical operations.
These are also used in industrial units.
Analog computers are very fast but not accurate.
Digital computers:
These are general purpose computers in many sizes and shapes.
These computers accepts data in the form of digits.
These computers are used for arithmetic and logic operations.
Modern digital computers can store large amount of data.
They are used in almost every field of life like research, business, education,
health, supermarkets, factories, banking etc.

Question: Describe some of the features of: -
A Microcomputer
These are less expensive computers.
These are being used in all application areas.
These are introduced in 1970s after development of micro-processor.
These are very small in size and have less weight.
Their examples are IBM PC, AT&T, PS/2 and Apple Macintosh.
A Supercomputer
They are largest, fastest and most expensive.
They can handle complicated problems.
They are manufactured in 1980.
They are used in space exploration, forecasting weather, aircraft design etc.
Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-5665666 Website: www.linkspk.net
E-mails: shahzad.sunny@gmail.com , linkspk.net@gmail.com

COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9
TH
CLASS (UNIT # 1)

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Examples are CRAY-I, CRAY-2 and CYBER 205.

Question: What is Internet? Describe its importance in society.
Internet:
It is system of worldwide computer network.
It is used to exchange information.
With internet, computers of whole world are inter connection through telephone
cables and modems.
Importance of Internet in Society:
It is used to exchange information at international level.
Internet has made the world like a global village.
It is providing many services daily to thousands of people.
It is used in finding jobs.
It is used in solving technical problems.
It is used in getting any kind of information.
It is used in research.
It is used to sell products online.
It is used in online banking.

Question: Write five advantages and five disadvantages of computer in our
life?
Advantages:
i) We can write letters and compose books & articles etc.
ii) We can play games, listen music, and can take other entertainments.
iii) We can do any work quickly and accurately.
iv) Computers are used in medical field for diagnosing diseases.
v) Through internet we can get any kind of information across the world.
Disadvantages:
i) Continuous usage of computers causes many health problem i.e. Sight problem
and back-ache.
ii) Misuse of computers causes bad impact on users.
iii) Nude material on internet is causing very serious effects particularly in Muslim
societies.
iv) Use of computers caused un-employment due to automation.
v) The data security and secrecy of private data is in danger due to hacking.

Question: List some reasons for the use of computers in banks.
Banks are the largest users of computers.
Computers are used for creating accounts and payment of cheques.
Computers inform when an installment is due.
Through credit card, shopping becomes very easy.

Question: Describe some features of a computerized supermarket check-out
system.
Customer has accurate detailed receipt at check out counter terminal.
Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-5665666 Website: www.linkspk.net
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COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9
TH
CLASS (UNIT # 1)

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While computer is calculating and printing price, it is also updating the stores
inventory list.
This system warns the manager about an item which is going to be short.

Question: What is UPC?
UPC means Universal Product Code.
It is black and white bar code printed on most of the products.

Question: What is meant by CAI?
CAI means computer assisted instructions.
It does not mean to teach computers.
It means to use computers as an aid in teaching.

Question: Briefly define computer science education.
Now a days different universities and institutions are offering different kind of
diploma and degree courses in computer science.
Government is also taking steps to promote computer science education in the
country.

Question: List some reasons for using computers in hospital.
Computers are used for ultra sound.
Computers are used to diagnose different diseases.
Computers are used to keep records of patients.
Computers are used to keep records of Medicine and Drugs.
Computers are used to take pictures of inside body parts.

Question: What is meant by CMI?
CMI means computer managed instructions.
In this system, computer assigns students different tasks i.e. read certain book,
listen certain tape, attend certain lecture etc.

Question: Define a computer program.
Computer program is a series of instructions to carry out any particular task
with the help of computer.
The computer program is prepared by computer programmer.

Question: Why machine and assembly languages are called low level
languages?
They are called low level languages because they are very difficult to understand.
They can only be understood by the computers

Question: What do you understand by Mnemonic code? Write down some of
the Mnemonic codes along with the operations assigned to these codes.
In assembly language, all operation codes of the machine language are substituted by
letters and symbols called mnemonic code.
Some Mnemonic Code:
Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-5665666 Website: www.linkspk.net
E-mails: shahzad.sunny@gmail.com , linkspk.net@gmail.com

COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9
TH
CLASS (UNIT # 1)

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(Page 5 of 5)

INSTRUCTION OPERATION
CODE
MNEMONIC
CODE
Stop Processing 000 000 HLT
Add the number I memory to the number in accumulator 000 010 ADD
Multiply Number I memory to the number in accumulator 000 100 MUL

Question: What are high level programming languages? How they differ from
Assembly language?
There are many high level programming languages. For example; BASIC, FORTRAN,
COBOL, PASCAL, ADA, C, C++ etc.
Difference: -
They differ from Machine Languages because hey are easy to understand and write.
The words and phrases used in high level languages are simple English words.

Question: Write short on the following:
BASIC: -
BASIC was developed in 1964.
It was close the English.
A person having no knowledge of programming can learn it easily.
It can by used for business and scientific applications.
PASCAL: -
It was named due to a scientist name Blaise Pascal.
It was developed in early 70s.
It is highly structured programming language.
It is very popular in computer science.
FORTRAN: -
It as developed in 1957 for IBM computers.
It was designed to solve mathematical, scientific and engineering problems.
It has been revised many times.
Its latest version is FORTRAN 90.

Question: What is a compiler? How it differ from an interpreter?
It is complex system software which automatically converts program written in high
level language into machine language. It differs from interpreter which translates one
statement at a time; execute it before translating the next statement.

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More works/Tasks:
Do Objectives from book & from any other objective book.
Do Interesting Information from book.
Do Scientific Reasons with the help of teacher.

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