Sie sind auf Seite 1von 6

ALV is Application List viewer.

Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function


modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions
is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when
the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such
cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different
columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very
efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report
output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.
We can implement OOPS concepts in SAP using ABAP objets concept.
ABAP Objects is a new concept in R/3 Release 4.0. The term has two meanings. On the one
hand, it stands for the entire ABAP runtime environment. On the other hand, it represents the
object-oriented extension of the ABAP language.
The Object-Oriented Language Extension
ABAP Objects is a complete set of object-oriented statements that has been introduced into the
ABAP language. This object-oriented extension of ABAP builds on the existing language, and is
fully compatible with it. You can use ABAP Objects in existing programs, and can also use
"conventional" ABAP in new ABAP Objects programs.
ABAP Objects supports object-oriented programming. Object orientation (OO), also know as
the object-oriented paradigm, is a programming model that unites data and functions in objects.
The rest of the ABAP language is primarily intended for structured programming, where data is
stored in a structured form in database tables and function-oriented programs access and work
with it.
The object-oriented enhancement of ABAP is based on the models of Java and C++. It is
compatible with external object interfaces such as DCOM and CORBA. The implementation of
object-oriented elements in the kernel of the ABAP language has considerably increased
response times when you work with ABAP Objects. SAP Business Objects and GUI objects -
already object-oriented themselves - will also profit from being incorporated in ABAP Objects.
Introduction
The object orientation can be defined as a problem-solving method in which the software
solution reflects objects in the real world. Therefore, a comprehensive introduction to object
orientation would go far beyond the limits of this introduction to ABAP Objects as a whole.
Object
An object can be defined as a section of source code that contains data and provides services.
The attributes of the object are formed by the data. The services are known as methods (also
known as operations or functions). Typically, it is seen that the methods operate on private data
(the attributes, or state of the object), which is only visible to the methods of the object. Thus, the
attributes of an object cannot be changed directly by the user, but by the methods of the object
only. This guarantees the internal consistency of the object.
Classes
The classes are very important, as they describe the objects. From a technical point of view, the
objects are runtime instances of a class. One can create any number of objects based on a single
class in theory. Each instance (object) of a class has a unique identity and its own set of values
for its attributes.
Features of Object Orientation
Encapsulation
According to this property, objects restrict the visibility of their resources (attributes and
methods) to other users. Every object has an interface which plays a very important role. It
determines how other objects can interact with it. It is found that the implementation of the
object is encapsulated, which means that it is invisible outside the object itself.
Polymorphism
According to this property, identical (identically-named) methods behave differently in different
classes. Object-oriented programming contains constructions, which are called interfaces. They
enable you to address methods with the same name in different objects. The implementation of
the method is specific to a particular class, though the form of address is always the same.
Inheritance
According to this property, one can use an existing class to derive a new class. The data and
methods of the super class are inherited by the derived classes. However, they can overwrite
existing methods and add new ones.
Uses of Object Orientation
The object-oriented programming is quite useful in many ways. It has various advantages, some
of which are mentioned below.
Since object-oriented structuring provides a closer representation of reality than other
programming techniques, complex software systems become easier to understand.
In object-oriented system, it should be possible to implement changes at class level, without
having to make alterations at other points in the system. This reduces the overall amount of
maintenance required.
The object-oriented programming allows reusing individual components through polymorphism
and inheritance.
In this system, the amount of work involved in revising and maintaining the system is reduced as
many problems can be detected and corrected in the design phase.
To achieve these goals, the followings are required:
Object-oriented programming languages: The efficiency of object-oriented programming
depends directly on how object-oriented language techniques are implemented in the system
kernel.
Object-oriented tools: Object-oriented tools allow you to create object-oriented programs in
object Oriented languages. They also allow you to model and store development objects and the
Relationships between them.
Object-oriented modeling: The object-orientation modeling of a software system is the most
important, most time-consuming, and most difficult requirement for attaining the above goals.
These designs involve more than just object-oriented programming and logical advantages that
are independent of the actual implementation are provided by it.

ABAP Objects
ABAP Objects is a new concept in R/3 System and you can find its two distinct meanings --- one
is for the entire ABAP runtime environment and the other represents the new object-oriented
generation of this language.
The Runtime Environment
ABAP Objects, for the entire ABAP runtime environment, are an indication of how SAP has, for
sometime, been moving towards object orientation. Object-oriented techniques have been used
exclusively in system design. The ABAP language did not support these techniques earlier.
The ABAP Workbench will allow creating R/3 Repository objects in this regard. These objects
are programs, authorization objects, lock objects, customizing objects, and so on and so forth. By
using function modules, one can also encapsulate functions in separate programs with a defined
lnterface. The Business Object Repository (BOR) allows you to create SAP Business Objects for
internal and external use.
The Object-Oriented Language Extension
ABAP Objects support object-oriented programming. The ABAP Objects is a complete set of
object-oriented statements, which has been introduced into the ABAP language. This object-
oriented extension of ABAP builds on the existing language and is fully compatible with it.
The Object Orientation (OO), also known as the object-oriented paradigm, is a programming
model that unites data and functions in objects. You can not only use ABAP Objects in existing
programs, but also work with and use a conventional ABAP in new ABAP Objects programs.
The rest of the ABAP language is primarily intended for structured programming, where data is
stored in a structured form in database tables and function-oriented programs access and work
with it.
Moreover, we should know that the object-oriented enhancement of ABAP is based on the
models of Java and C++. It is compatible with external object interfaces such as DCOM and
CORBA. The implementation of object-oriented elements in the kernel of the ABAP language
has considerably increased response times when you work with ABAP Objects. Some other
objects, such as SAP Business Objects and GUI objects, which are already object-oriented by
themselves, are also benefiting from being incorporated into ABAP Objects.
About Classes
The classes are templates for objects. An abstract description of an object is the class. You could
say it is a set of instructions for building an object. The attributes of objects are defined by the
components of the class, which describe the state and behavior of objects.
Local and Global Classes
In ABAP Objects, classes can be declared either globally or locally. You define global classes
and interfaces in the Class Builder (Transaction SE24.} in the ABAP Workbench. In the R/3
Repository, they are stored centrally in class pools in the class library. In an R/3 System, all of
the ABAP programs can access the global classes. The local classes are defined within an ABAP
program. Local classes and interfaces can only be used in the program in which they are defined.
When you use a class in an ABAP program, the system first searches for a local class with the
specified name. If it does not find one, then it looks for a global class. Apart from the visibility
question, there is no difference between using a global class and using a local class.
However, there is a significant difference in the way that local and global classes are designed. If
you are defining a local class that is only used in a single program, then to define the outwardly
visible components so that it fits into that program is usually sufficient. On the other hand, global
classes must be able to be used anywhere. Since the system must be able to guarantee any
program using an object of a global class, it can recognize the data type of each interface
parameter and then certain restrictions are applied at the time of defining the interface of a global
class.
Defining Local Classes
Local classes consist of ABAP source code, where the ABAP statements CLASS...ENDCLASS
are enclosed. A complete class definition consists of the following parts, a declaration part and, if
required, an implementation part. It is found that the declaration part of a class . The new class is
called the subclass of the class from which it is derived. The original class is called the
superclass of the new class. It contains the same components as the superclass if you do not add
any new declarations to the subclass. However, in the subclass only the public and protected
components of the superclass are visible. The private components of the superclass are not
visible though they exist in the subclass. You can declare private components in a subclass that
have the same names as private components of the superclass. It is seen that each class works
with its own private components. The another point that we note is that methods which a
subclass inherits from a superclass use the private attributes of the superclass and not any private
components of the subclass with the same names.
The subclass is an exact replica of the superclass if the superclass does not have any private
visibility section. However, you can add a new component to the subclass because it allows you
to turn the subclass into a specialized version of the superclass. If a subclass is itself the
superclass of further classes, then you can introduce a new level of specialization.
Polymorphism
Reference variables are defined with reference to a superclass or an interface defined with
reference to it can also contain references to any of its subclasses. A reference variable defined
with reference to a superclass or an interface implemented by a superclass can contain references
to instances of any of its subclasses, since subclasses contain all of the components of all of their
superclasses and also convey that the interfaces of methods cannot be changed. In particular, you
can define the target variable with reference to the generic class OBJECT.
Using the CREATE OBJECT statement, when you create an object and a reference variable
typed with reference to a subclass then you can use the TYPE addition to which the reference in
the reference variable will point.
A reference variable can be used by a static user to address the components visible to it in the
superclass to which the reference variable refers. However, any specialization implemented in
the subclass cannot be addressed by it.
Depending on the position in the inheritance tree at which the referenced object occurs, you can
use a single reference variable to call different implementations of the method. This is possible
only if you redefine an instance method in one or more subclasses. This concept is called
polymorphism, in which different classes can have the same interface and, therefore, be
addressed using reference variables with a single type.
Here is the simple code as explained previously.
Then coming to steps for creation of ALV in OOABAP.
1. Create a program in se38 and just activate it without any code for now.
2. Go to module pool and create a screen, put a custom container control on to the screen. (You
will find this control on right side tool box).
3. Give a name to the control created in step 2.
4. Activate the screen.
5. Come to the program declare two variables to hold instances of 2 classes
CL_GUI_CUSTOM_CONTAINER, CL_GUI_ALV_GRID.
6. create an instance of the class CL_GUI_CUSTOM_CONTAINER passing container name
created in step 3.
7. create an instance of the class CL_GUI_ALV_GRID passing INSTANCE VARIBALE name
created in step 6.
8. using the ref. variable of previous step call method SET_TABLE FORFIRST_DISPLAY
method and pass structure name and internal table containing data.
9. then call screen created in step 2.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen