01F 03 Symmetrical Components Lectures

Dr.
The
of e

Ca
ban
abs
circ
con

Mohamm
e positiv
each typ
se 1: Y-
nk is ung
sence of
cuit exis
nnected
Sym
mad Abd
ve- and
pe of con
-Y bank,
grounde
f path th
sts for z
by the tr
mbols

dul Mann
negativ
nnection
k, One N
ed, zero-
hrough o
zero-seq
ransform
Co
Symm
nan
ve-seque
n are ide
Neutral
-sequenc
one win
quence c
mer.
onnectio
metrical C

ence of
entical.
Ground
ce curre
nding pr
current
on Diag
Componen
Pa
f three-p
ded If eit
ent cann
revents
between
grams
nts
age 64 of
phase tra
ther one
ot flow
current
n the tw
Z
f 90
ansform
e of the
in eithe
in the o
wo parts
Zero-seq
Circu
AIUB/E
mer impe
neutral
er windin
other. A
s of the
quence
uits
EEE
edances
of Y-Y
ng. The
An open
system

Dr.
Ca
the
seq

Ca
seq
ind
for
refe
bus
Mohamm
se 2: Y-
transfo
quence c
Sym
se 3: Y
quence c
duced cu
a path f
erence b
s on the
mad Abd
-Y bank
ormer ex
current c
mbols

Y- bank
currents
urrent ca
from the
bus. An
side.
dul Mann
k, Both N
xists for
can flow
Co
k, Grou
have a p
an circul
e line on
open c
Symm
nan
Neutral
r zero-s
w in both
onnectio
unded Y
path to
late in th
n the Y
ircuit m
metrical C

l Groun
equence
h windin
on Diag
Y If the
ground
he . Th
side thr
must exis
Componen
Pa
ded In t
e curren
ngs of tra
grams
neutral
through
he equiv
rough th
st betwe
nts
age 65 of
this conn
nt in bot
ansform
Z
of a Y
h the Y b
valent ci
he equiva
een the
f 90
nection
th-wind
mer.
Zero-seq
Circu
Y- is g
because
rcuit mu
alent im
line and
AIUB/E
a path t
dings. Th
quence
uits
grounded
e corresp
ust be pr
mpedanc
d the re
EEE
through
he zero

d, zero-
ponding
rovided
e to the
eference

Dr.

Ca
can

Mohamm
Sym
se 4: Y-
nnot flow
Sym
mad Abd
mbols

- bank
w in the
mbols

dul Mann
Co
k, Ungro
transfor
Co
Symm
nan
onnectio
ounded
rmer wi
onnectio
metrical C

on Diag
Y An u
inding.
on Diag
Componen
Pa
grams
ungroun
grams
nts
age 66 of
Z
nded Y
Z
f 90
Zero-seq
zero-se
Zero-seq
AIUB/E
quence
equence
quence
EEE

current

Dr.

Ca
cur
circ

Mohamm
se 5: -
rrent, no
culate w
Sym
mad Abd
- bank
o zero-se
within the
mbols

dul Mann
k Since a
equence
e win
Co
Symm
nan
a circu
e curren
dings.
onnectio
metrical C

uit prov
nt can fl
on Diag
Componen
Pa
vides no
low into
grams
nts
age 67 of
return p
o a -
Z
f 90
path for
bank, a
Zero-seq
AIUB/E
r zero-se
although
quence
EEE
equence
h it can

Dr.
Zer
sep
as s

Mohamm
ro-seque
parately
shown in
mad Abd
ence equ
are read
n Figs. 1
dul Mann
uivalent
dily com
11.19 an
Symm
nan
t circuits
mbined t
nd 11.20
metrical C

s determ
to form
0.
Componen
Pa
mined fo
the com
Fi
a
c
nts
age 68 of
or vario
mplete z
ig. 11.19
a small p
correspo
f 90
us parts
zero-seq
9 One-li
power sy
onding z
netwo
AIUB/E
s of the
quence n
ine diag
ystem an
zero-sequ
ork.
EEE
system
network
gram of
nd the
uence

Dr. Mohammmad Abddul Mann
Symm
nan
metrical C

Componen
Pa
nts
age 69 of
Fig.
diagr
syste
corre
seque
f 90
11.2
ram of
m
espondin
ence net
AIUB/E
20 O
a small
and
ng
twork.
EEE
One-line
l power
the
zero-
Symmetrical Components

Dr. Mohammad Abdul Mannan Page 70 of 90 AIUB/EEE
FOR SYNCHROMOUS MACHINES
Negative Sequence Impedance < Positive Sequence Impedance
Zero Sequence Impedance = Variable Items
= May be taken equal to positive sequence
impedance if its value is not given

FOR TRANSFORMER
Negative Sequence Impedance = Positive Sequence Impedance
Zero Sequence Impedance = Positive Sequence Impedance, if there is
circuit for earth current
= Infinite, if there is no through circuit for
earth current

FOR TRANSMISSION LINE
Negative Sequence Impedance = Positive Sequence Impedance
Zero Sequence Impedance = Variable Item
= May be taken as three times the positive
sequence impedance if its value is not given

Dr.
Exa
netw
G
1
:
Tra
T
1
:
T
2
:
M
1
M
2
Sel

Mohamm
ample 1
work, an
: 300 MV
ansmiss
350 MV
300 MV
: 200 M
: 100 M
lect the g
mad Abd
11.4: Dr
nd (iii) z
VA, 20
sion line
VA, 230
VA, 220
MVA, 13
MVA, 13
generato
dul Mann
raw (i) th
zero-seq
kV, X
e: 64 km
0/20 kV
0/13.2 k
.2 kV, X
.2 kV, X
or rating
Symm
nan
he posit
quence n
= 20%,
m (4- mi
, X = 1
kV, X =
X = 20%
X = 20%
g as base
metrical C

tive-sequ
network
X
0
= 5%
), X
1
=X
2
0%
= 10%
%, X
0
=5
%, X
0
= 5
e in the

Componen
Pa
uence ne
k for the
%, X
n
= 0
X
2
=0.5
5%, X
n
=
5%
generato
nts
age 71 of
etwork,
system
.4
/km, X
0
=
0.4
or circui
f 90
(ii) neg
shown
=1.5 /
it.
AIUB/E
gative-se
in the fi
/km.

EEE
equence
igure:

Generator
Side
V
base
= 20 kV
X
1
= X
2
=X =0.2(20/20) (300/300)=0.2 pu
X
0
= 0.05(20/20) (300/300)=0.05 pu
X
base
= (20)
2
/300 = 1.333
3X
n
= (30.4)/1.333 = 0.9 pu

Transmission
Line side
V
base
= (230/20)20 = 230 kV
X
1
=X
2
= 640.5 = 32
X
0
= 641.5 = 96
Z
base
= (230)
2
/300 = 176.3
X
1
=X
2
= 32/176.3 = 0.1815 pu
X
0
= 96/176.3 = 0.5445 pu

Motor side
V
base
= (13.2/220)230 = 13.8 kV

For M1:
X
1
= X
2
=X = 0.2(13.2/13.8) (300/100)=0.2745 pu

X
0
=0.05(13.2/13.8)(300/100)=0.0686 pu,
Z
base
= (13.2)
2
/300 = 0.635
3X
n
=(3 0.4)/0.635= 1.89 pu

For M2:
X
1
= X
2
=X = 0.2(13.2/13.8) (300/200)=0.549 pu
X
0
=0.05(13.2/13.8)(300/200)=0.1372 pu,

For T
1
: 0857 . 0
350
300
2
230
230
1 . 0 ' ' =
= X pu

For T
2
: 0915 . 0
300
300
2
13.8
13.2
1 . 0 ' ' =
= X pu

Dr.

Mohammmad Abddul Mann
Symm
nan
metrical C

Componen
Pa
nts
age 74 off 90

AIUB/EEEE

Example 11.4.1: The one line diagram of a power system with the reactances
of the two sections of the transmission line is shown in the figure. The
generators and the transformers are rated as follows:
G1: 50 MVA, 13.8 kV, X
1
= 0.2 pu, X
2
= 0.15 pu, X
0
= 0.05 pu, X
n
= 0.2pu
G2: 30 MVA, 18 kV, X
1
= 0.2 pu, X
2
= 0.15 pu, X
0
= 0.08 pu.
G3: 30 MVA, 20 kV, X
1
= 0.2 pu, X
2
= 0.15 pu, X
0
= 0.1 pu, X
n
= 0.04 pu.
T
1
: 25 MVA, 220-Y/13.8- kV, X=10%
T
2
: Single phase units each rated 10 MVA, 127/18 kV, X=10%
T
3
: 35 MVA, 220-Y/22-Y kV, X=10%

Draw the positive, negative and zero sequence network with all the values
marked in per unit. Choose a base of 50 MVA, 13.0 kV in the circuit of
generator 1.

Dr.

Mohammmad Abddul Mann
Symm
nan
metrical C

Componen
Pa
nts
age 76 off 90 AIUB/E

EEE


New Base: 50 MVA, 13.0 kV in the circuit of generator 1
Transformer T
2
: Given single phase rating: 10 MVA, 127/18 kV, since T
2
is
Y- connected the three phase rating: 310=30 MVA and (3127)/18 kV or
220/18 kV,

Region # 1: Given, V
base
= 13.0 kV; Generator 1
Region # 2: V
base
=(220/13.8) 13 = 207.25 kV; Transmission Lines Line 1
and Line 2
Region # 3: V
base
=(18/220) 207.25 = 16.96 kV; Generator 2
Region # 4: V
base
=(22/220) 207.25 = 20.725 kV; Generator 3

For G1:
pu 062 . 1
13
8 . 13
) (
1
1
= = =
n base
V
g
E
g
E


pu 0.5634
20
50
2
13
8 . 13
2 . 0
1 _ 1
=
=
g
X
pu 0.4426
20
50
2
13
8 . 13
15 . 0
2 1
=
=
g
X
pu 0.1409
20
50
2
13
8 . 13
05 . 0
0 1
=
=
g
X
pu 0.5634
20
50
2
13
8 . 13
2 . 0
1
=
=
n g
X

pu 1.6902 5634 . 0 3
1
3 = =
n g
X

For Line 1 and Line 2:
= = = 859.0512
50
2
) 25 . 207 (
2
base
S
base
V
base
Z

pu 0.0466
859.0512
40
1
) 1 ( 2 ) 1 ( 1
= = = =
base
Z
X
L
X
L
X
pu 0.1397
859.0512
120
0
) 1 ( 0
= = =
base
Z
X
L
X

pu 0.0582
859.0512
50
1
) 2 ( 2 ) 2 ( 1
= = = =
base
Z
X
L
X
L
X
pu 0.1746
859.0512
150
0
) 2 ( 0
= = =
base
Z
X
L
X

For G2:
pu 062 . 1
96 . 16
18
2
2
= = =
base
V
g
E
g
E
pu 0.3755
30
50
2
96 . 16
18
2 . 0
1 2
=
=
g
X

pu 0.2816
30
50
2
96 . 16
18
15 . 0
2 2
=
=
g
X

pu 0.1502
30
50
2
96 . 16
18
08 . 0
0 2
=
=
g
X

For G3:
pu 962 . 0
725 . 20
20
) (
3
3
= = =
n base
V
g
E
g
E
pu 0.3104
30
50
2
725 . 20
20
2 . 0
1 3
=
=
g
X
pu 0.2328
30
50
2
725 . 20
20
15 . 0
2 3
=
=
g
X


pu 0.1552
30
50
2
725 . 20
20
1 . 0
0 3
=
=
g
X
pu 0.0224
30
50
2
725 . 20
20
04 . 0
3
=
=
n g
X
pu 0.0672 0224 . 0 3
3
3 = =
n g
X

For T
1
:
pu 0.2254
25
50
2
13
8 . 13
1 . 0
0 1 2 1 1 1
=
=
T
X
T
X
T
X

For T2:
pu 0.1877
30
50
2
96 . 16
18
1 . 0
0 2 2 2 1 2
=
=
T
X
T
X
T
X

Dr.
For
T
X

Mohamm
r T
3
:
1 3
=
X
T
mad Abd
2 3
=
T
X
dul Mann
3
=
T
X
Symm
nan
1 . 0
0
=
metrical C

72 . 20
22

Componen
Pa
35
50
2
25
2
nts
age 82 of
0.161
5
0
=
f 90
pu 1
AIUB/EEEE

Symm
nan
metrical C

Componen
Pa
nts

EEE

Dr.
Pro
figu
G1
G2
M1
M2
T
1
:
T
2
:

Mohamm
oblem 1
ure. The
: 200 M
: 100 M
1: 100 M
2: 80 MV
350 MV
300 MV
mad Abd
1: The on
e genera
MVA, 16
MVA, 16
MVA, 25
VA, 25 K
VA, 20/
VA, 25
dul Mann
ne line d
ators, the
KV, X
1
KV, X
1
5 KV, X
KV, X
1
/275 KV
/275 KV
Symm
nan
diagram
e motors
1
= 0.2 p
1
= 0.2 p
X
1
= 0.2 p
= 0.2 pu
V, X=10%
V, X=10
Figur
metrical C

m of a po
s and the
pu, X
2
=
pu, X
2
=
pu, X
2
=
u, X
2
=
%
0%
re for P
Componen
Pa
ower sys
e transfo
= 0.15 pu
= 0.15 pu
= 0.15 pu
0.15 pu
Problem
nts
age 84 of
stem is s
ormers a
u, X
0
= 0
u, X
0
= 0
u, X
0
=
, X
0
= 0
m 1
f 90
shown in
are rated
0.05 pu,
0.15 pu,
0.25 pu
0.05 pu.
AIUB/E
n the fol
d as foll
, X
n
= 0
, X
n
= 0
u, X
n
= 0

EEE
llowing
ows:
.2.
.5.
0.32.

Dr.
The
seq
(5 +
per

Pro
figu
Mohamm
e transm
quence im
+ j50) o
r unit.
oblem 2
ure. The
mad Abd
mission l
mpedan
hms. Dr
2: The on
e genera
dul Mann
line has
nce of (2
raw the
ne line d
ators, the
Symm
nan
s the pos
2.5 + j25
zero seq
diagram
e motors
Figur
metrical C

sitive an
5) ohms
quence n
m of a po
s and the
re for P
Componen
Pa
nd negat
and th
network
ower sys
e transfo
Problem
nts
age 85 of
tive seq
he zero s
k with al
stem is s
ormers a
m 2
f 90
quence im
sequence
ll the va
shown in
are rated
AIUB/E
mpedan
e imped
alues ma
n the fol
d as foll
EEE
nce zero
dance of
arked in
llowing
ows:
f


Draw the zero sequence network with all the values marked in per unit.
Gen MVA
Rating
Voltage
Rating
(kV)
X
d
pu
X
2
pu
X
0
pu
G1 100 15 0.18 0.18 0.07
G2 100 15 0.20 0.20 0.10
G3 100 15 0.15 0.15 0.05
G4 100 15 0.3 0.4 0.10
T1 100
(base)
15/765 0.1 0.1 0.1
T2 100
(base)
15/765 0.1 0.1 0.1
T3 500 15/765 0.12 0.12 0.12
T4 750 15/765 0.11 0.11 0.11
Line-
Line
X
1
=X
2
Ohm
X
0
Ohm
1-2 50 150
1-3 40 100
2-3 40 100

Dr.
Pro
figu
line

D
ta

Mohamm
oblem 3
ure. The
e diagram
Draw the
aking th
mad Abd
3: The on
e genera
m.
e zero s
e base 2
dul Mann
ne line d
ators, th
sequenc
200MAV
Symm
nan
diagram
he moto
Figu
ce netwo
V and 26
metrical C

m of a po
ors and
ure for P
orks wit
68 kV o
Componen
Pa
ower sys
the tran
Problem
th all th
on transm
nts
age 87 of
stem is s
nsformer
m 3
he value
mission
f 90
shown in
rs are in
es mark
line.
AIUB/E
n the fol
ncluded

ked in p
EEE
llowing
d in one
per unit

Dr.
P
th

Mohamm
Problem
he follow
mad Abd
m 4: Dra
wing on
dul Mann
aw the p
ne-line d
Symm
nan
positive-
diagram.
metrical C

, negati

Componen
Pa
ve -, an
nts
age 88 of
nd zero s
f 90
sequenc
AIUB/E
ce netwo
EEE
orks for

Symm
nan
metrical C

Componen
Pa
nts

EEE

Symm
nan
metrical C

Componen
Pa
nts

EEE

01F 03 Symmetrical Components Lectures

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