$

7.1 An Overview of Integration Methods

A Review of Integration Formulas and Techniques
Complete the basic integration rules: x and y are variables, a, c and k are constants.
t.!cscxdx= f"
{g:;lxt-ctttYl lt}
fi.
le'dx
= ,o
t
*t
i'',
rdx
t t_-
r
--
'
tla'-x'
!
a'dx
=
r'-r 4" I
ta d*
l/rl
:.
jtan
xdx=
ln
I
:.ctxtl
+e
:!'iiftti:;'
t2.
[sin
xdx
=
*rrr:{x
} +{-'
t
;.".'
+.
ldx
= Y+(,
t:.
Jcsc2
xdx= -(t\ { rx I t c
v
-e
/
'/a
)
5l[,1 iAitL
I l.
7.
Icosxdx
= $ll i{x} t{',
,
I+=
$rlr I +r'
{
}111
\J
/1rt
X
s.
lxndx
=
-t-,/
t\)
c4x
2.1. dx=
J
x'+9
)-
lr--\-*c4
v\/\rl
t
#r1-\ -
'l
+
oj-,
*
;
"-
iAX
r Y+?
1 |
-dy
I r
--^
" ,..l4-x'
(n * -1)
ta.
Jsecxtanxdx=
M
rs.
J.r.
xcotxdx= cSc /y I *r"
Practice Problems
Integrate each of the following without your calculator. Show all work.
8
Jcot
xdx=-fi
is,rI*,
I
t r-
e.
Jsec2
xdx=
f"ff l,t{ii I
"t
}
,l/**=j#.dq
"::
{t*tni'{4}
t*
n{\
M
|
--i:*-,"-J
:
f
j
L,t";*'i
'"
o
!t-]i;
i1i
i*r
-k.
o
'
r
':
j',
U:l-::: i
t6
t7
+.
J(sin
2x)e "o"2*dx
={a
ll=-{ilt{lx
} *
di
i,:-ir.r
j?
'5
i.
t)"
,
frrt
'
-16i {
?'1. }
-!P
! r\
Lw
rt
'l#*
a.
ttun'z*d*
f t *,.'i
:,0-
-
\
I !j\.>
,
"
1"1')lx
!,
;"1{:
{
c{
{' -'
i,.l,i,:i.'t';*
r.
"r-
rdx
1
/)fr
.
IxtZtt-x I
X
s{t:
l f
^
''
I r-
',
-
.z
yz{_x.
Jvq_y.
\,A- 1- x'
ffi.'-r"
--_l_
r t -l
,t
Z
[;
u'u'-
/
vl,t
-
:1
i a
iolr-;
-+'--
2l- i
'
.r,--Jr-,
= - vfl-x-
+(
z
ct<
JW,
\
\\
:
{
),
,--,r -
I
/
i-r-;r
've
':'*'
'
35li't-',/J.\ -
11l
\-t
srli'(i)-
nll.t
J"
|
__r
,
ir,
.\
J ltt^
I l= f
x
1.. r \__
lr*
,.1i t
..
t
\
---
{li
r'tlv= | rl
L-/t/\
{ ,rtiy'-
ex
\J
l
a{'.{: I$i
,'i
tl
L'L
f!J
7=
I
I
i-rriitl
J I*tt\
1"(u'"''l
!,
I
-
t t ,'{ i t
l:.v,v'!
,
J u{!+ui
,''
f,cll
*eiri {igf *,rl il.
+
-Y_
trf
i
#t,A
)
*=-l
I
t*
I
'
l:
-t
-
1/l l .
!,t -
ir! -
G
A,-
fl*
*?
{,
t1
t
J ir
J
\-/\
+r
-t
{
I'v
- .ilie
'l -Jl
r
1rI+l
:-1
-
Ll f' y
\ E I
* tv
-
t'i\ {
^
*i^-.ti1i,:'-ii
T*.
I
t*
rl
$
7.2 Integration
by
parts
_
h. product
rule states
*Arl
=
tl,v + tw, .
t",
I*Qi
=
[u',
*
!u,'
oR
Qu) =
[u,,
*
[u,,
Therefore,
lru,=uv-lu,v.
-ju'u
'
\
J-'
Generally,
we start wi
I t'
Ith
I
udv
=
uv
-
J
vdu. This is the rule called Intesration
by
parts.
Example:
[
, cos *a*
we need to write this in the form udv
Ifwe let u
=
x and dv
=
aosxdx,then
du
=
dx mdy
=
sin.r
so
Jxcosxdv
=
xsinx
-
[sinxdx
=xsinx+cosx+C
Remember: you
can check your qnswers
by taking the derivative.
Generally'
we want to choose
u so thattaking
its derivative
makes a simpler frurction. *n<ed,
to cmoo \t $" dv
tt'U+ Ite&S\i fii
inte$ya.tr
f,
n
JX*
*ux
Yxamptes:
r.
!*r,a*
{,{=X
dv,*.Ydx
fu
=r
V=ex
dx
= xe*+l:lx
1***^*-
-
.
-*-'1
t"
ixe^*flo
+t i
$x
costax
)
z.
!xhxdx
-Lt=X
dv =jlx&) o{x
fu *r'*wc
dont trl'low how
.'df,
t t=lY,tx\ $v =xd''
tt="{nrlf\ lv=xax
e;t
v-*x'
do:,r^l
2
J"x'lnlns
-fr;,#:;
!
tdv
\x
Mx
L
f
t.
ltnxdx
[,,1=/l.r(X
)
&
=J-
d)t,
X
1n*)
-+
fx
s.
txsin3xdx
U--X. a{V=Si ,rt(qil
dX
#-1
V'
]
co: tryx|
:
-#rn r &x ) +
!
Jc
or {4x tcLx
dv
= ldx
V:
K
r-[yrtx ]- x+
C
+
*s ini?r )+7,
"1
x.{r'ifxl-J
x({a^)
x"fn{x)-Jra*
:
ZX V= e
v
I/+ \r
Definite Integration by parts...
aa
l/, 1
| 1|)g'(*)d* =
"f(*)s(*)- |
gGY'G)ar
JJ
--combine
this formula with the fundamental theorem of calculus, assume
f
' and g' are continuous, and you get
utlntr] I
i.*nirrr:{irl:}
I
)
pb pb
),{G){GV*
= f?)s@)Z -
)pG)f(*W.
v *
t
_
n
,''
*{
a
t\
Example:
- (
t
cot{n/+} t
fr.,r,rs;n{trP+}
1
}
(-q,r] t -{v-id%li
fttftt.'
rl
^^rl
r.^l rr
Xcottxil.,,,
-
I
"cot{ir
i'x
x
't*/4
"%
i
Y.*
v(iv
''
\J;:
"i
-tr,]:rvt{*,i
i',',i
=
-(?1"(i'
!
i
+
"l.d
RepeatedIniegia'tionbyparts,
_ita.ti2j,
i
Perform integration by parts until the integral you began with appears on the right or you get to a point that you can use a basic
integration rule. Then add or subtract accordingly and then multiply or divide.
t-
,{x?
o*
qa"n'r
Y'*
24 xe
x
;;;;.\
Cd'+
utr a.
ohei'thcw
Vlc
W cVwiu for
w
wilt YrSilf
lh
s.
tT
rcsc'rd*
xo
,i{v -,
I'ii:tix}dx
*
r
V;
*Cr:t{x
}
(/t
:
dn
eX
iC:
=
r'l /-\''
"lc
!!{-t )
-
'j!'
' I
.*.---,*--,*-"-J
N
=0..
.
dv-
lsingatable: e.
Ix'e-dx .;
i
LL
i
rlv
'n"''
lf
K
'f
X
fr
tl
r
I
^t
f'l
t'
;
Jr^s
rnix
)c
x = -5xic:{x
i +J
rosn
Jr*tril{xHx:
-c'
ffiix,
-r
f;''5t,ii
l
Jet:iiii;'idx
f.*
srrrrx
\ C.x
=
t
a^
(
srntx
{.i:Yauvii"lie l)
I
J)r
r
I
lf
l'
J
!t
-
t,t -
d;,r
.lx
X
l.r{x tdx
i{V'*_i;rii ir;*ii
I
\'= Cc.iixi
Yi1
ic
tF
x
l
-j-coii
x
,*
icujir.i
*'-frtti{x
'='eo{c5f.r' nt
?;ay'
\, l,/
r,
-.'4.
i.-iv.
L*jif
!{:*
'5liii.ui
j
)e'*d,x
.: l.' !
:r i I riil{,{ i
i
g':.1 i J
)-rr;s{x))tC
L[-ex
Au
LI ,A
A
-
f \r:;,'11 l --
L
-tiiii,r
J
,lrYnc as oviainal. ..
henu the ndrw-
t'c\
clit,t'
\ri
+o
Uoth
srbtes.
..
-v
add
.-r .{ v
},1
{'r r i \ 1
JrllL/.
t
s
ir,t(x
)ex Cx
Try:
r S0..,
)e'cos2xdx
H-
Col{ Lxi
jyv
=
gx
ftx
d,.U
=
*Srnitrl{a)
V=e
x
dX
tx
i
*
?Sin{rx
}eL
Aj*{ros{Jr
Id. x
.v
?xlCX
,.
* d:#5i'txi.r
te^sin(uj
I
'cos{
"'rntf'
T \J*}
L
I
I
5
;f;,
f
5 l*
IV
J
X/
e"
({ 0
5 { zx
}t2lini ?x})
* C_
d mt*rx I
1.,&!
5
irit?x
1
el
C {
n=Jintzx) dv'eYAx
- fu.b.fi5{L{}
V*flx
,{t
'l.T
5
{ r t
'lv
if
H-
Z! erw: {
ex )
oix]
L
n.
I*'sinxdx
*
rA
i,*u
du 1v
{
t'i
srnrx )
1$'eo.rrxi
;X?eostx
)*?xsin{x } *
?*ns{x
I *
L
1
t0.
!t^'*d*
if
Wt ave*o USe
i.b.p.
,
Ll=tari'tX)
Sfncc wc donal
' lAbln
Know
J*on'txldx
:t
drv*
Af,Ul
t
Il.
lx+xcosxax
0
"r" ?
i-iiv:lx)
i' .
*'* '-
0 i iDtlK )
lrt x
X
..1 ,^,*
Lt
v -
V:
t
,a
lo jiatl
{xidn
L
l,\'tri,t
f,x
r
rlit *
t ,*-u.
:
iii
dx
l+xi
{"'
-
itrroi
iI
)j X
i -_r ! !
=
X trrri
ii, )
I
l0
,-
a
NY
jl
i;,{
'r
Y
:i
!
i
t
i
t^
U
j
t. l
UI
1
J!
t
f+
L/
1
-iJ,
r r -r
l{l ti{tii
i
i
,
!
t
I
ts
?
i
'/
X=CI :
V:- I
L\ -
{,{ =
']
lf.l-
til\
l{: i
I
{-}.!
lu
{}t
^
*
i
;i*d
L*
.
xtGir
fx
i
{^ I
J ii
q_
ij
-[i,lrri
,l
I
i
i0
\-
l
{ i'i
I
.r\
Ll*
'i-
X t rtv.i-'
\ t,,{
fi]
I
t_
I
i,. i
|/l
J
:
f r{;'ri;J
42
JL J*
rr
{rx*
K {s:
{x }
dx
It= X
,^i r
LJ;I :
!
&ix
-*]
*
*
'rrfl
-
I rr'I
-
ZA la
i-
i:iix i
i
\:
j
\
,',Ti
.
r
=) ax
i.
J
i
ZI*L
t
! /*
'
\
if
tti,,i+
!\
!
'.,'l-rt*
i'*El
I *
tf
\e
#v
-
{*,ilx J
f
:
5ri:ixl
Ksri]ix
i f:;,'; i"{id"A
J
XSlr:iF i
{-iii-io*
'}j
L