Practice 2: Ohms Law.

INSTITUO POLITCNICO NACIONAL

Escuela Superior e C!mputo
Course.
A"#lisis $u"ame"tal e Circuitos.
Practice Num%ere As.
2
Su%&ect.
Ohms Law.
'roup.
(C)*.
Pri"cipal Pro+essor.
). e" C. $elipe e ,esus $i-ueroa el Prao.
Stue"ts:
.la"cas A"alco /a0l A&ai%.
Lope1 Cali2to $er"a"o.
1
Practice 2: Ohms Law.
Objective:
The stue"t will comprehe" a" ma"a-e the correct usa-e o+ Ohm3 s law4 a"4 at the e" o+
the practice4 the stue"t will %e capa%le o+:
5 Calculate the 6olta-es4 curre"ts4 resista"ces a" powers that are i"6ol6e i" a circuit.
5 Comprehe" the curre"t %eha6iour whe" it i"teracts with a 6olta-e.
5 7euct Ohm8s Law.
Equipment. Materials.
( 7i-ital )ultimeter
( 9aria%le 6olta-e source.
( A.C. power ca%le.
( .rea%oar.
: .a"a"a to alli-ator clips.
2 Alli-ator to alli-ator clips.
( ;< at = o+ watt a" ( < at ( watt resistors.
( pote"tiometer o+ 2.> ;< or %i--er.
Sie5Cutti"- pliers.
Theoretical Introduction.
Appendix.
E6e" thou-ht it e2its a -reat ?ua"tit@ o+ resista"ce 6alues4 at the sale it oes "ot e2ist all o+
them4 so +or that there is a series o+ multiple which the 6alue o+ the resistors are
ma"u+acture. Ne2t4 it is prese"te the 6alues o+ the multiples:
(
(.2
(.>
(.A
2.B
C.C
C.D
:.B
>.*
*.A
A.2
The 6alues o+ the resistors ru"s +rom ( Ohm to (E Ohm. $or e6er@ resistor3s 6alue e2ist
i++ere"t t@pes o+ powers4 those ru"s +orm (FA o+ watt to 2> watts.
$or e2ample4 usi"- the multiple with 6alue o+ 2.B4 it is possi%le to -et the "e2t resista"ce3s
6alues:
2.7 <
2B <
2BE <
2
Practice 2: Ohms Law.
2BEE <
2BEEE <
2BE EEE <
2BEEEEE <
At last4 it is importa"t to sai that whe" a resistor3s 6alue is calculate a" it oes "ot %e a
commercial 6alue4 it is "eee to approach to the "e2t up or ow" 6alue. A+ter that a"
a"al@sis o+ the per+orma"ce accori"- to the esi-" "ees to %e o"e +or that resista"ce3s
6alue.4 a" i+ its amo"- the ra"-e o+ our calculatio"s there e2ist a"@ pro%lem.
I" the other ha" i+ the -otte" 6alue -ets out o+ the calculatio"s4 the" a" e?ui6ale"t
resista"ces "ees to %e calculate.
Practice Development.
1. Voltage dependence.
Githout tur"i"- o" a"@ 6olta-e source4 +i2 the pote"tiometer at 2.> H<. /eali1e the circuit that
is show i" picture ( o" the %rea%oar. O"ce o"e switch o" the 6olta-e source a" 6ar@ it
%etwee" 1ero to (> 94 accori"- the re?uireme"ts i" ta%le Num%er (.
9olta-e Electric curre"t Electric curre"t 6alue. Electric curre"t 6alue.
3
Practice 2: Ohms Law.
Source 6alue.
ImeasureJ
IcalculateJ IsimulateJ
E 9 E.EE mA E.EE mA E.EE mA
( 9 E.2A mA E.2A:: mA E.2A> mA
2 9 E.>A mA E.>*A mA E.>B( mA
C 9 E.A* mA E.A>C mA E.A>B mA
: 9 (.(> mA (.(CB mA (.(: mA
> 9 (.:C mA (.:22 mA (.:C mA
* 9 (.B mA (.BE* mA (.B( mA
B 9 2.E( mA (.DD( mA 2.EE mA
A 9 2.C( mA 2.2B> mA 2.2D mA
D 9 2.*C mA 2.>* mA 2.>B mA
(E 9 2.D2 mA 2.A:: mA 2.A* mA
(( 9 C.(B mA C.(2D mA C.(: mA
(2 9 C.:> mA *.:( mA C.:> mA
(C 9 C.B* mA C.*DA mA C.B( mA
(: 9 :.EC mA C.DA2 mA :.EE mA
(> 9 :.C( mA :.2*B mA :.2D mA
Accori"- to the ta%le a%o6e a" with the o%tai"e 6alues o+ electric curre"t4 raw the "e2t
-raphic.
4
Practice 2: Ohms Law.
Ne2t4 the@ are showe the simulatio"s o+ the electric circuits associate with the ta%le a"
chart %elow.
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Practice 2: Ohms Law.
2. Resistance dependence.
Gith the 6olta-e source shut5ow" ow"4 +i2 the 6alue o+ the pote"tiometer at E <. Co"struct
the circuit that is show" i" picture 2 o6er the %rea%oar. O"ce the circuit is o"e switch o"
the 6olta-e source a" +i2 it to (> 9. A
A+ter that 6ar@ the pote"tiometer3s 6alue accori"- to what it is re?uire i" the "e2t ta%le:
Pote"tio
meter
6alue.
Total resista"ce
6alue.
Total K IPotL/J
Electric curre"t 6alue.
ImeasureJ
Electric curre"t 6alue.
IcalculateJ
E < DAA < (>.CD mA (> mA
2>E < (2C: < (C.CE mA (2.(>> mA
>EE < (:A* < (E.22 mA (E.ED: mA
B>E < (B>( < A.*A mA A.>** mA
(EEE < 2E>E < B.:C mA B.C(B mA
(2>E < 222> < *.A: mA *.B:( mA
(>EE < 2:AC < *.(C mA *.E:( mA
(B>E < 2B(( < >.*C mA >.>CC mA
2EEE < 2D2( < >.2( mA >.(C> mA
22>E < C2>> < :.*A mA :.*EA mA
2>EE < C>*: < :.2A mA :.2EA mA
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Practice 2: Ohms Law.
Accori"- to the ta%le %elow a" with the o%tai"e 6alues u" the measure curre"t4 raw the
"e2t -raphics.
3. Calculation of power in the resistors.
.e+ore the 6olta-e source its co""ecte4 +i2 it at ( 9olt. A+ter that switch it o++ a" without the
usa-e o+ %rea%oar co"struct the circuit that is show" i" picture C4 +or this circuit use a
resistor o+ ( H< at = o+ watt4 o"ce o"e switch o" the 6olta-e source.
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Practice 2: Ohms Law.
Ghat is the 6alue o+ the electric curre"tM I K E.EE( A K (mA
Ghat is the 6alue o+ the issipate electric power i" the resistorM PK E.EE( Gatts K (
mGatt.
Ghat is the e++ect that happe"e i" the resistorM It starts to -ets hotter a" hotter while
it is co""ecte.
Gh@M .ecause it starts issipati"- the electric curre"t that passes trou-h it i" the +orm
o+ heat.
O"ce a-ai" co"struct the last circuit4 %ut "ow ma;e use o+ a ( < at ( watt resistor4 %e+ore
co""ecti"- the 6olta-e source chec; it is +i2e at ( 9olt a" that the ammeter its at its
ma2imum scale.
Ghat is the 6alue o+ the electric curre"tM IK ( A
Ghat is the 6alue o+ issipate electric power i" the resistorM PK ( Gatt.
Ghat is the e++ect that happe"e i" the resistorM It starts to -ets hotter a" hotter while
it is co""ecte.
Ghat is the i++ere"ce %etwee" the last circuitM I" this o"e it starts to -et heat i" a
+aster wa@ tha" the pre6ious o"e.
Gh@M .ecause the 6alue o+ electric curre"t that the +irst resistor ca" issipate is at its
scale %i--er tha" the seco" o"e.
Conclusions.
)e"tio" how throu-h the reali1atio" o+ these e2perime"ts Ohm 3s Law its eucte. Also4
e2plai" the e++ect o+ the electric power towar the eleme"ts that prese"t a resista"ce.
Throu-h the reali1atio" o+ these e2perime"ts it is possi%le to 6isuali1e that there e2ist a
relatio"ship %etwee" the three mai" ?ua"tities that were use4 the Ohm4 the 9olt a" the
Ampere. Ghile lea6i"- o"e as co"sta"t or as a +i2e 6alue4 the oer o"es will cha"-e
i"creasi"-l@ or ecreasi"-l@.
Ta;i"- that as %ase i+ we ta;e a closer loo; at the results -otte" i" the e2perime"ts4 a"
supposi"- we o "ot ha6e the ;"owle-e o+ how the Ohm8s Law wor;s4 +rom the +irst
e2perime"t it is possi%le to euce that there e2ist a irect proportio" %etwee" the electric
curre"t IAmpereJ a" the 6olta-e I9oltsJ4 it is sai that whe" o"e -rows the other o"es also
oes.
I" the other ha"4 at the seco" e2perime"t the results shows that the resista"ce IOhmJ a"
the electric curre"t IAmpereJ has a" i"6erse proportio"4 this mea"s that whe" the resista"ce
-rows the curre"t will ecrease.
At last4 the per+orma"ce o+ the thir e2perime"t4 allows to 6isuali1e how the electric power
a++ects i" ma"@ wa@s a resista"ce a" i" the same wa@ a" electric circuit.
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