2-D and 3-D Sub-Surface Liquefaction Potential Profiling using
Tomography Surface Waves Method
Sri Atmaja P. Rosyidi Associate Professor, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia Background The huge earthquake, i.e., Yogyakarta earthquake on 2006, may cause ground surface cracks, soil displacement, landslides and liquefactions. Minor to moderate building damage were found close to the fault, local liquefaction and soil boiling caused by Yogyakartas earthquake.
Development of the comprehensively system and technique for seismic hazards analysis is becoming significant to prepare for frequently earthquake hazards in the sustainable environment development. The seismic hazard analysis may be used to evaluate liquefaction potential and ground settlements at observed sites which provides the information for earthquake resistant design, seismic safety assessment and estimation of possible economical losses.
The objective of this study is to describe the surface wave technique as seismic hazards analysis for development of 2-D and 3-D mesh profile of soil liquefaction potential mapping. Research Method A case study was conducted at several observed locations in Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) campus, Indonesia where several buildings in study area suffered minor to moderate damage level caused by liquefaction and ground shaking. Results of Study Lateral movement can create uneven ground, damaging structures Normal pressure Soft sands can maintain strength of hardness because of friction from the grains touching, even though they are saturated with water. Intense pressure Force from an earthquake causes the water to increase in pressure, the water will break the friction in the grains and fill the spaces causing liquefaction. Upward movement can penetrate the ground surface What is Soil Liquefaction ? Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which water-saturated sandy layers of earth act like liquids due to the pressure created by earthquakes. (b). 2-D Liquefaction Potential Profile (a). 2-D Shear Wave Velocity Profile from MASW Measurement Conclusions The compilation and analysis between seismic (MASW) method and geotechnical site investigation successfully generates, the liquefaction potential of sand layers deposit at observed sites. Two (2-D) and three (3- D) dimensional liquefaction maps are also generated in order to provide understandable information of subsurface liquefiable sections during the earthquake. This analysis is useful and effective tools in presenting the main data for seismic hazards analysis for the sustainable development. (1). 2-D Shear Wave Velocity (V S ) Profile Field Configuration and Data Processing of MASW Instrumentations Set Up for Multi- channel Analysis of Surface waves (MASW) Field Measurement Signal Processing & Spectrum Analysis Fourier Transform frequency-wave number analysis Spectrum Analysis Dispersion Curve V PH vs f Inversion Analysis of 1-D V S Profile T o m o g r a p h y
A n a y i s i s
Soil Samples Analysis of Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) (2). Analysis of Stress- corrected V S
(3). Analysis of Cyclic Resistance ratio (CRR) 2-D Liquefaction Potential Profile Factor of Safety (FS) Analysis 3-D Liquefaction Potential Profile CRR/CSR 2-D and 3-D liquefaction profile provide understandable information of critical parts subsurface profile that may have liquefaction potential during 6.3 Mw and 8 Mw earthquakes at observed locations. They provide an efficient way to map FS of liquefaction in a vertical section and reduce non-uniqueness of liquefaction potential and the potential for misinterpretation based on one-dimensional liquefaction potential versus depth plot. (c). 3-D Liquefaction Potential Profile Contact Information Sri Atmaja P. Rosyidi, Ph.D., P.Eng., MIRDA, MIACMAG, MISGE Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Jalan Lingkar Selatan, Tamantirto, Bantul 55183, Yogyakarta, Indonesia E: atmaja_sri@umy.ac.id | W: http://atmaja.staf.umy.ac.id EQ 6.3 Mw EQ 8 Mw