II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -Ç-C¢√®Ωç 26 -´÷-Ja 2006

Madhav: Hi Mahesh, come in. Have a seat. I 2. If the main clause verb is in the present or the
called your home twice yesterday, but future tense, the subordinate clause verb can
you were out. be in any tense.
(®√ èπÿ®Óa, E†o È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x O’ ÉçöÀéÀ §∂ÚØ˛ Last lesson rules
™ °j †’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆.
î˨», †’´¤y ™‰´¤) Éçé¬ ÉC èπÿú≈ îª÷¨»ç.
Mahesh: I was away at college to apply for my Main clause verb past tense ™ -Öçõ‰ subor-
certificates. dinate clause ™ will, shall, can, may ®√´¤.
(Certificates applyèπ◊ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ 鬙‰-ñ ¸èπ◊ ¢√öÀ-•-ü¿’©’ ´®Ω-Ææí¬ would, should, could,
might ´≤ƒh®·.
¢Á∞«x.) °j points ÅFo conversation ™ î√™« ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬
Madhav: When are you going to get them.
(á°æ¤p-úÌ-≤ƒh®·?) §ƒöÀç-î√L. (É™« í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊E practice îËÆœ-†-éÌDl d) Åûªúø’ v°æA-®ÓV ¢√uߪ÷´’ç îËÊÆ-¢√-úøE ¢√∞¡x-Ø√o®Ω’ a) He tells me that he sees her here everyday.
Å©-¢√-ô-®·-§Ú®· ´’† v°æߪ’ûªoç ™‰èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË cor- - Main clause verb tells - present tense;
Mahesh: The clerk told me that they would be They said that he did exercise everyday.
rect í¬ ´÷ö«xúË ÆœnAéÀ îË®Ω’-èπ◊çö«ç) Sub clause verb sees - present tense.
ready in two days. Look at the following sentence in the con- e) Ç ®ÓV ؈-éπ\-úø’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’
ready He was not happy that I was there yesterday.
Å®Ωnç: Ç¢Á’-E-éπ\úø v°æA-®ÓW îª÷≤ƒh-†E Åçô’-Ø√oúø’.
(È®çúø’®ÓV™x í¬ Öçö«-ߪ’E versation at the beginning of the lesson. b) He tells me that he saw her here yesterday
í∫’´÷≤ƒh îÁ§ƒp®Ω’.) 1) I called your home twice yesterday, but you 鬕öÀd English ´÷ö«x-úË-°æ¤púø’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ í∫’®Ω’h- Main Clause Verb - Tells- Present tense
were out. (Called, were - past tense)
È®çúø÷ °-ô’d-éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’. Subordinate clause Verb - Saw- past tense
2) a) The clerk told me that they would be ready Main clause verb past tense Å®·ûË, sub ordi-
in 2 days. (Main clause told past tense
™ nate clause ™ ¢√úø-EN. will, shall, may , can,
Å®Ωnç: Ç¢Á’-E-éπ\úø E†o îª÷¨»-†E Åûª-†ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
sub-ordinate clause verb-
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. ´’†ç îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo •öÀd
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 132
éπü∆, 鬕öÀd ™ Ist RDW, IInd RDW, have, has, do and does.
MC (Main Clause) ™ Present tense Öçõ‰, SC
would be) - sentence sentence
†’ éÀçC ûÓ OöÀ •ü¿’©’ ¢√úËN: Would, should, might,
(Subordinate Clause) ™ à tense Å®·Ø√ Öçúø-
§Ú©açúÕ. could, past doing word, had and did.
´îª’a. Å™«Íí, future tense èπ◊ èπÿú≈.
I will tell him that you are present

I called ..., but you were out (†’´¤y ´î√a-´E Åûª-EûÓ îÁ§ƒh†’.
MC Verb - will tell - future tense,
SC verb - are - present tense.)
I will tell him that you were here yesterday
(†’´¤y E†o Ééπ\úø ÖØ√o-´E Åûª-EûÓ îÁ§ƒh†’.
Clerk - Pron. (bird MC Verb - will tell - future; SC Verb - were -
é¬xé˙ ™ '•—™«) b) The clerk tells me ¶ Main clause present tense, future tense
past tense)
™
Madhav: And when is your interview? that they will be ready sub ordinate clause tense
conversa-
Öçõ‰ à ™ Å®·Ø√ É™« Ñ ¢√úø-é¬Eo í∫’®Ω’h °ô’d-èπ◊E O’
Éçô®Ω÷yu á°æ¤púø’? in 2 days
Mahesh: On the 22nd. I received the call letter
Öçúø-´îª’a– Å®Ωnç îÁúø-èπ◊çú≈, Å®√n-Eo-•öÀd. tion™ practiceîËߪ’çúÕ.
îª÷¨»®√–b) main
™
yesterday. clause verb, tells- ANSWER:
PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING
(22 Call letter
†. E†oØË Call let-
´*açC. present tense éπü∆– Subhash: Vinod,
؈’ éπ†’-èπ◊\ç-ö«†’. E†o ¢√úÕ-éπ\- Subhash: Vinod, I will find out whether he
ter - Interview, exam sub clause M. SURESAN came here yesterday or not.
™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ ´îËa Åçü¿’-éπE úÕéÀ ´î√aú≈, ™‰ü∆ ÅE.
°œ©’°æ¤) ™ verb will be Vinod: Ø√èπ◊ éπ*aûªçí¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’. E†o ¢√úÕ-éπ\úø Vinod: I know surely that he was here yes-
Madhav: I met Madhu yesterday. I told him a) Å®Ωnç– È®çvúÓ-V-©èπ◊ ready Å´¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E clerk terday.
ÖØ√o-úøE.
about your interview. He knows about îÁ§ƒpúø’. ÉC past (í∫ûªç) Subhash: Å®·ûË †ØÁoç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπ©-´-™‰üÓ Ø√èπ◊ Å®Ωnç Subhash: Then I do not understand why he did
the company. He says it is a good b) Å®Ωnç – È®çvúÓ-V-©èπ◊ ready Å´¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E clerk 鬴-ôç-™‰ü¿’. not meet me.
company and pays its staff well. Åçô’-Ø√oúø’– ÉC É°æ¤púø’ (present) Vinod: E†’o Ñ ®Óñ Í®§Ú éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-†E Vinod: He said he would meet you today or
(E†o Ø√èπ◊ ´’üµ¿’ éπE°œç-î√úø’. F Éçô®Ω÷yu 2) He says that it is a good company, and pays ÅØ√oúø’. tomorrow.
Subhash: ؈’ ¢√®Ωç éÀçü¿õ‰ ÅØ√o†’ ¢√úÕûÓ. Subhash: I told him a week ago that he could
Ææçí∫A îÁ§ƒp†’. Åûª-Eé¬ éπç°F í∫’Jç* its staff well.
ûÁ©’Ææ’. ÅC ´’ç* Company ÅE, ´’ç* meet me (on) any day between 5
Ééπ\úø main clause verb, says- present tens- ≤ƒßª’çvûªç 5–7 ´’üµ¿u †ØÁo-°æ¤p-úøØ√o éπ©’-
and 7 in the evening.
@û√-L-≤ƒh-®ΩE Åçö«úø’) es, subordinate clause verbs, 1) is 2) pays.
Ææ’-éÓ-´-îªaE.
Mahesh: Happy to hear that. Dad doesn't both- Vinod: E†’o éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË v°æߪ’-ûªoç-™ØË ÖØ√o-†E, Vinod: He told me too, that he was trying to
(Company ´’ç*-ü¿F, Æœ•sç-CéÀ @û√©’ ¶«í¬ meet you and give you the books he
er what pay I will get. He first wants É≤ƒh-®ΩE Åçô’-Ø√oúø’– É°æ¤púø’– present ™)
FéÀ-¢√y-Lq† °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ É¢√y-©E v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’h-
had to give you.
me to join the company, as experi-
†oô’x èπÿú≈ îÁ§ƒpúø’ Ø√ûÓ.
3) Dad doesn't bother about what pay I will get Subhash: Phone îËü∆l-´’çõ‰ Ééπ\úø Åûª-EéÀ Phone Subhash: He doesn't have a phone, even if I
ence in the company will be of great Main clause- Dad doesn't bother about. Verb ™‰ü¿’. want to phone him.
value for my career. does bother- present time, so subordinate Vinod: I have already told him twice that you
Vinod: ؈’ É°æp-öÀÍé È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x îÁ§ƒp-†-ûª-úÕûÓ
(ÆæçûÓ≠æç. @ûªç áçûªØË N≠æߪ’ç ´÷ Ø√-†o clause - will get. †’´¤y Åûª-úÕE éπ©-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-´E. have been wishing to see him
°ü¿lí¬ °æöÀdç--éÓ--´ôç-™‰ü¿’). Ç Company °j sentence™E verb in the Main clause, Subhash: Í®°æ-®·Ø√ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-úøE ÇPü∆lç. Subhash: Let's hope we will meet him atleast
™ experience ÅØËC Ø√ ¶µºN-≠æu-ûª’hèπ◊ î√™« past tenseèπ◊ (Åçõ‰ didn't bother ÅE ´÷®√a- tomorrow.
N©’-¢ÁjçC 鬕öÀd ü∆çöx ÖüÓuí∫ç ´ÊÆh ´’-†’-éÓçúÕ) Å°æ¤púø’ sentence à´’-´¤-ûª’çC? v°æ¨¡o: 1) Inurn - -á-™« °æ-©é¬-L? 1. ´™„, ™«í¬:
î√©’.) Dad didn't bother about what pay I would get. 2) To be Form à tense ™ a) He works as hard as his father
Madhav: You will certainly be lucky if you get - didn't (main clause), would get - subordinate Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? (father ™« éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ °æE îË≤ƒhúø’.)
the job. People do talk lot about the clause. 3) As = want, As = intentioned b) talks as his father does.
company. Wish you all luck.
¶ Main clause verb past tense Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’ sub ÅØË Å®√n©’ ¨¡çéπ-®Ω-Ø√-®√-ߪ’ù (¢√∞¡x Ø√†o™«í¬ØË ´÷ö«x-úø-û√úø’)
(Fé¬ ÖüÓuí∫ç ´ÊÆh Åü¿%-≠d-´æ ç-ûª’-úÕ¢Ë. Ç ordinate clause ™ will, shall, can, may ®√´¤– úÕéπ{-†-K™ ÖØ√o®·. I as apple ÅØÌî√a? 2. as Åçõ‰ because/ since (鬕öÀd)
company íÌ°æp-ü¿ØË Åçö«®Ω’.) As E áEo Nüµ∆-©’í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´îª’a? a) As he is tall he can bowl well =
would, should, could, might
– Èé. ÅE-™¸- π◊-´÷®˝, °æçîª-©-´®Ωç
¢√öÀéÀ ´÷®Ω’í¬ ûÓ
Mahesh: Thank you. Any tips you wish to give bowl
-ï-¢√-•’: 1) ‘Inurn’ ÅØË ´÷ô Ø√èπ◊ ûÁLÆœ ™‰ü¿’. 鬕öÀd
sentences practice îËߪ’çúÕ. Åûª†’ §Òúø’í¬_ -Öç-úø-ôç´©x ¶«í¬ îËߪ’-í∫-©úø’.
me? b) As it is hot, I don’t want to go out = áçúøí¬
¶ Main clause verb past tense Å®·ûË, subordi-
(FNîËa Ææ©-£æ…-©’/- Ææ÷-îª-†©÷ (interview) èπ◊ ü∆E Öî√a-®Ωù N≠æߪ’ç out of the question. Öç-C 鬕öÀd, •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-éÓ-´ôç ™‰ü¿’.
nate clause ™– 2) ‘To be’ form ÅØËC form of the verb. ‘to be’/ 3. As Åçõ‰ 'í¬— –
à¢Á’iØ√ ÖØ√oߪ÷?)
1) am, is ¢√úøç, ¢√öÀ •ü¿’©’ was ¢√úøû√ç ‘be’ forms am, is, are, was, were, shall be a) As a doctor, I advise you to eat less -
Madhav: Let's meet this evening, when I am at
2) are ¢√úøç, ü∆E •ü¿’©’ were ¢√úøû√ç etc., ™«í¬ î√™« ÖØ√o®·. à ‘be’ form, am, is, Doctor í¬ E†’o ؈’ ûªT_ç* A†-´’ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.
leisure
3) have, has ¢√úøç, ¢√öÀ •ßª’©’ had ¢√úøû√ç are ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™x àD ÅØË-ü∆Eo •öÀd ‘Tense’ b) As a player, Ram has no equal =
(≤ƒßª’çvûªç éπ©’ü∆lç. Å°æ¤púø’ Ø√èπ◊ BJéπ) ‘Be forms’ Spoken English Ram
4) do, does ¢√úøç ¢√öÀ-•-ü¿’©’ did ¢√úøû√ç. Öçô’çC. †’ véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’-úÕí¬, èπ◊ Ææ-´÷-†’©’ ™‰®Ω’.
Mahesh: Bye. lessons
¢Á·ü¿öÀ explain
™ î˨»ç. îª÷úøçúÕ. 4. As Åçõ‰ Åçûª:
In the last few lessons we have been dis- a) E†o ¢√úø-éπ\-úø’-Ø√o-úøE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’
‘to be’
Íé-´-©ç infinitive.
Å®·ûË tense
DEéÀ 1) He is not as good as you think =
cussing clauses. We have seen the fol- I knew that he was there yesterday.
Åçô÷ Öçõ‰ present Past
Å´¤-ûª’çC. äéÓ\-≤ƒJ -Å-ûª-†’ †’´y-†’-èπ◊-†oçûª ´’ç*-¢√úø’ é¬ü¿’.
lowing. b) †’¢Áy-éπ\-úø’-Ø√o¢Ó Ø√Èé-´®Ω÷ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’ To be =
èπÿú≈ Å´¤-ûª’çC. Öçúøôç. Ñ Å®√n©’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ÖØ√o®· ‘As’ èπ◊. DEo•öÀd
1. If the main clause verb is in the past tense, No one told me where you were. 3) As want, intentioned
èπ◊ -Ö†o Å®√n™x ÅØËN N’í∫-û√N follow Å´¤-û√®·. I as pen, I as
the subordinate clause verb should also be in c) She was proud that she had so much of gold Dictionary
™‰´¤. O’®Ω’ ¨¡çéπ-®Ω-Ø√-®√-ߪ’ù ™ ÆæJí¬ apple- Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’.
the past. (-ûª-†èπ◊ î√™« •çí¬®Ωç ÖçúË-ü¿E Ç¢Á’ í∫®Ωy-°æ-úËC) As
îª÷Ææ’ç-úø®Ω’. èπ◊ -Ö†o Å®√n©’:

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm