TYPES OF MOTHERBOARD

XT Motherboards:

XT Stands for eXtended Technology. These are all old model motherboard. In this motherboards, we find
old model processor socket LIF (Low Insertion Force) sockets, ram slots Dimms and ISA (Industry
Standards Architecture) slots, 12pin Power Connector and no ports.
They have slot type processors, DIMM memory modules, ISA slots for add-on card, and no ports. There
are connectors and add-on cards for ports.
E.g.: Pentium-I, Pentium-MMX, Pentium -II and Pentium-II Processors
AT Motherboards:

AT stands for Advanced Technology. Advanced Technology Motherboards have PGA (Pin Grid Array)
Socket, SD Ram slots, 20pin power connector PCI slots and ISA slots. we find the above components on
AT motherboards.
E.g.: Pentium-III Processors
Baby AT Motherboards:

Baby AT Motherboards have the combination of XT and AT. They have both slot type processor sockets
and PGA processor sockets, SD Ram slots and DDR Ram slots, PCI slots and ISA slots, 12 Pin power
connector and 20Pin power connector and Ports.
E.g.: Pentium-III and Pentium-IV
ATX Motherboards:

ATX stands for Advanced Technology eXtended. latest motherboards all are called as ATX motherboards.
designed by ATX form factor. In this motherboards, we find MPGA Processor Sockets, DDR Ram slots,
PCI slots, AGP slots, Primary and secondary IDE interfaces, SATA connectors, 20pin and 24 pin ATX
power connector and Ports.
E.g.: Pentium-IV, Dual Core, Core 2 Duo, Quad Core, i3, i5 and i7 Processors.




RAM Types




PORTS
1) USB port (Universal Serial Bus) created in mid-1990s mainly to standardize communications
between computers and peripheral. Also USB ports can be used as a power supply for different
devices like digital cameras, microcontroller programmers, laptop coolers and other. There were four
types of USB computer ports: USB1.0 and 1.1 released between 1996 and 1998 with a speed range
starting from 1.5 Mb up to 12 Mb ; USB 2.0 released in 2000 with a maximum speed of 480 Mb/sec
and USB 3.0 released in 2008 with a maximum speed of 5 Gb/sec ;
2) Ethernet / internet ports was first introduced in 1980 to standardize the local area networks (
LAN). Internet ports use RJ45 connectors and have speeds between 10 Mb/sec, 100 Mb/sec and 1
Gb/sec, 40 Gb/sec and 100 Gb/sec ;
RAM Devices Comparison
Items DDR3 SDRAM DDR2 SDRAM DDR SDRAM
Clock frequency 400/533/667/800 MHz 200/266/333/400 MHz 100/133/166/200 MHz
Transfer data rate
800/1066/1333/1600
Mbps
400/533/667/800 Mbps 200/266/333/400 Mbps
I/O width x4/x8/x16 x4/x8/x16 x4/x8/x16/x32
Prefetch bit width 8-bit 4-bit 2-bit
Clock input Differential clock Differential clock Differential clock
Burst length 8, 4 (Burst chop) 4, 8 2, 4, 8
Data strobe Differential data strobe
Differential data
strobe
Single data strobe
Supply voltage 1.5V 1.8V 2.5V
Interface SSTL_15 SSTL_18 SSTL_2
/CAS latency (CL) 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 clock 3, 4, 5 clock 2, 2.5, 3 clock
On die termination
(ODT)
Supported Supported Unsupported
Component package FBGA FBGA
TSOP(II) / FBGA /
LQFP
3) VGA ports ( Video Graphics Array ) has 15 pins displayed on three rows and it is mainly used
for connecting the monitor with the video adapter from the computer motherboard; adapters :
i) HDMI ( High-Definition Multimedia Interface );
ii) SCART
4) IEEE 1394 ports, this technology is developed by Apple between 1980 and 1990 with the
name FireWire and it is the equivalent of the USB for Apple computers;
i) TRS ports are used for receiving and transmitting with analog signals like audio;
ii) DVI are computer ports used to transmit uncompressed digital video data ;
iii) PS/2 ports were introduced in 1987 to replace the serial mouse and keyboard;
5) Serial port uses the DB9 socket / connector and transfers information, one bit at a time, between
the computer and other peripherals. The serial computer port identifies with RS-232 standard.
Virtual common computer ports and numbers short description
6) FTP port ( File transfer Protocol ) for network data transfer uses the 20 and 21 TCP ports by
default;
7) PPTP port (Point-To-Point Tunneling Protocol) for implementing virtual private networks
uses the TCP / UDP port 1723 ;
8) SFTP port ( Secret / Secure File Transfer ) protects the data flow and uses the 22 TCP port ;
9) NTP port ( Network Time Protocol ) for clock synchronization uses the 123 UDP port;
10) HTTP port (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) main protocol for data comunication in the World
Wide Web, uses the 80 TC
11) SMTP port ( Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ) for e-mail routing, uses 25 TCP port;
12) SQL port ( Structured Query Language ) for data management in relational databases, uses
TCP / UDP port 118, 156.