Electrical Interview questions

Electrical interview question: What is electric traction?

Answer: Traction means using the electric power for traction system i.e. for railways,
trams, trolleys etc. electric traction means use of the electricity for all these. Now a day,
magnetic traction is also used for bullet trains. Basically dc motors are used for electric
traction systems.

Electrical interview question: How can you start-up the !w tube lite with "#!$ %&'(&
without using any cho)e'&oil?
Answer: *t+s possible by means of ,lectronic cho)e. otherwise it+s not possible to ioni-e
the particles in tube. light, with normal $oltage.

Electrical interview question: What is .pu. in electrical engineering?
Answer: /u stands for per unit and this will be used in power system single
line diagram there it is li)e a huge electrical circuit with no of components 0generators,
transformers, loads1 with different ratings 0in 23% and 431. To bring all the ratings into
common platform we use pu concept in which, in general largest 23% and 43 ratings of
the component is considered as base $alues, then all other component ratings will get
bac) into this basis. Those $alues are called as pu $alues. 0p.u5actual $alue'base $alue1.

Electrical interview question:6peration carried out in Thermal power station?
Answer:The water is obtained in the boiler and the coal is burnt so that steam is obtained
this steam is allowed to hit the turbine , the turbine which is coupled with the generator
generates the electricity

Electrical interview question:Why lin) is pro$ided in neutral of an ac circuit and fuse in
phase of ac circuit?
Answer:7in) is pro$ided at a Neutral common point in the circuit from which $arious
connection are ta)en for the indi$idual control circuit and so it is gi$en in a lin) form to
withstand high %mps. But in the case of 8use in the /hase of %& circuit it is designed
such that the fuse rating is calculated for the particular circuit 0i.e load1 only.9o if any
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malfunction happen the fuse connected in the particular control circuit alone will blow
off.

Electrical interview question: what is the diff. btwn. electronic regulator and ordinary
rheostat regulator for fans?
Answer:The difference between the electronic and ordinary regulator is that in electronic
reg. power losses are less because as we decrease the speed the electronic reg. gi$e the
power needed for that particular speed but in case of ordinary rheostat type reg. the power
wastage is same for e$ery speed and no power is sa$ed.*n electronic regulator triac is
employed for speed control.by $arying the firing angle speed is controlled but in
rheostatic control resistance is decreased by steps to achie$espeed control.


Electrical interview question:How tube light circuit is connected and how it wor)s?
Answer:% cho)e is connected in one end of the tube light and a starter is in series with
the circuit. When supply is pro$ided ,the starter will interrupt the supply cycle of %&.
(ue to the sudden change of supply the choc) will generate around :!!!$olts . This $olt
will capable of to brea) the electrons inside the tube to ma)e electron flow. once the
current passes through the tube the starter circuit will be out of part. now there is no
change of supply causes cho)e $oltage normali-ed and act as minimi-e the current.

Electrical interview question:whats is 2%;< &*;&=*T?
Answer:*t is used with generators for charging a number of capacitor in parallel and
discharging them in series.*t is used when $oltage re>uired for testing is higher than the
a$ailable.

Electrical interview question:What is encoder, how it function?
Answer:%n encoder is a de$ice used to change a signal 0such as a bitstream1 or data into
a code. The code may ser$e any of a number of purposes such as compressing
information for transmission or storage, encrypting or adding redundancies to the input
code, or translating from one code to another. This is usually done by means of a
programmed algorithm,especially if any part is digital, while most analog encoding is
done with analog circuitry.
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Electrical interview question:What are the ad$antages of speed controlusing thyristor?
Answer:%d$antages ::. 8ast 9witching &haracterstics than 2osfet, B?T, *@BT ". 7ow
cost #. Higher %ccurate.

Electrical interview question:Why Human body feel ,lectric shoc) ?? n in an ,lectric
train during running , We did nt feel any 9hoc) ? why?
Answer:=nfortunately our body is a pretty good conductor of electricity, The golden rule
is &urrent ta)es the lowest resistant path if you ha$e insulation to our feet as the circuit is
not complete 0wearing rubber footwear which doing some repairs is ad$isable as our
footwear is a high resistance path not much current flows through our body1.The electric
train is well insulated from its electrical system.

Electrical interview question:what is the principle of motor?
Answer:Whene$er a current carrying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it produce
turning or twisting mo$emnt is called as tor>ue.




Electrical interview question:why, when birds sit on transmission lines or current wires
doesn+t get shoc)?
Answer:*ts true that if birds touch the single one line 0phase or neutral1 they don+t get
electrical shoc)... if birds touch " lines than the circuit is closed and they get electrical
shoc).. so if a human touch single one line0phase1 then he doesn+t get shoc) if he is in the
air 0not touching - standing on the ground if he is standing on the ground then touching
the line 0phase1 he will get a shoc) because the ground on what we standing is li)e line
0ground bed - li)e neutral1and in the most of electric lines the neutral is grounded..so
that means that human who touch the line closes the circuit between phase and neutral.

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Electrical interview question:what is meant by armature reaction?
Answer:The effect of armature flu to main fluA is called armature reaction. The armature
fluA may support main fluA or opposes main fluA.

Electrical interview question:what happen if we gi$e ""! $olts dc supply to d bulb r
tube light?
Answer:Bulbs Bde$icesC for %& are designed to operate such that it offers high
impedance to %& supply. Normally they ha$e low resistance. When (& supply is applied,
due to low resistance, the current through lamp would be so high that it may damage the
bulb element.

Electrical interview question:Which motor has high 9tarting Tor>ue and 9taring current
(& motor, *nduction motor or 9ynchronous motor?
Answer:(& 9eries motor has high starting tor>ue. We can not start the *nduction motor
and 9ynchronous motors on load, but can not start the (& series motor without load.

Electrical interview question:what is %&9; cable and where we use it?

Answer:%&9; means %luminium conductor steel reinforced, this conductor is used in
transmission D distribution.

Electrical interview question:What is $accum currcuit brea)er.define with cause and
where be use it (e$ice?
Answer:% brea)er is normally used to brea) a ciruit. while brea)ing the circuit, the
contact terminals will be separated. %t the time of seperation an air gap is formed in
between the terminals. (ue to eAisting current flow the air in the gap is ionised and
results in the arc. $arious mediums are used to >uench this arc in respecti$e &B+s. but in
3&B the medium is $accum gas. since the air in the &B is ha$ing $accum pressure the
arc formation is interrupted. 3&B+s can be used upto ::)$.

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Electrical interview question:What will happen when power factor is leading in
distribution of power?
Answer:*f their is high power factor, i.e if the power factor is close to one:
:.losses in form of heat will be reduced,
".cable becomes less bul)y and easy to carry, and $ery
cheap to afford, D
#. it also reduces o$er heating of tranformers.

Electrical interview question:whats the one main difference between =/9 D in$erter ?
%nd electrical engineering D electronics engineering ?
Answer:uninterrupt power supply is mainly use for short time . means according to ups
3% it gi$es bac)up. ups is also two types : on line and offline . online ups ha$ing high
$olt and amp for long time bac)up with with high dc $oltage.but ups start with :"$ dc
with E amp. but in$erter is startwith :"$,",dc to #F$ dc and :"!amp to :G!amp battery
with long time bac)up.

Electrical interview question:What is " phase motor?
Answer:% two phase motor is a motor with the the starting winding and the running
winding ha$e a phase split. e.gHac ser$o motor.where the auAiliary winding and the
control winding ha$e a phase split of I! degree.

Electrical interview question:%d$antages of $$$f dri$es o$er non $$$f dri$es for ,6T
cranes?
Answer::.smooth start and stop.
".no Jer)ing of load.
#.eAact posiitoning
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.better protection for motor.
K.high'low speed selection.
F.reliability of brea) shoe.
E.programmable brea) control.
G.easy circutry
I.reduction in controls
:!.increases motor life

Electrical interview question:What is the significance of $ector grouping in /ower
Transformers?
Answer:,$ery power transformer has a $ector group listed by its manufacturer.
8undamentally it tells you the information about how the windings are connected 0delta
or wye1 and the phace difference betweent the current and $oltage. ,@. (LN:: means
(elta primary, Wye 9econdry and the current is at :: o cloc) reffered to the $oltage.

Electrical interview question:Which type of %.& motor is used in the fan 0ceiling fan,
eAhaust fan, padestal fan, brac)et fan etc1 which are find in the houses ?
Answer:*ts 9ingle /hase induction motor which mostly s>uirrel cage rotor and are
capacitor start capacitor run.


Electrical interview question:@i$e two basic speed control scheme of (& shunt motor?
Answer::. By using fluA control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across the
field winding to control the field current.so by changing the current the fluA produced by
the field winding can be changed, and since speed is in$ersely proportional to fluA speed
can be controlled ".armature control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across
armature winding by $arying the resistance the $alue of resisti$e drop0*a;a1can be
$aried,and since speed is directly proportional to ,b-*a;a the speed can be controlled.

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Electrical interview question:what is the principle of motor?
Answer:Whene$er a current carrying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it produce
turning or twisting mo$ement is called as tor>ue.

Electrical interview question:what is meant by armature reaction?
Answer:The effect of armature flu to main fluA is called armature reaction. The armature
fluA may support main fluA or opposes main fluA.

Electrical interview question:@i$e two basic speed control scheme of (& shunt motor?
Answer::. By using fluA control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across the
field winding to control the field current.so by changing the current the fluA produced by
the field winding can be changed, and since speed is in$ersely proportional to fluA speed
can be controlled ".armature control method:in this method a rheostat is connected across
armature wdg.by $arying the resistance the $alue of resisti$e drop0*a;a1can be $aried,and
since speed is directly proportional to ,b-*a;a the speed can be controlled.

Electrical interview question:what is the difference between synchronous generator D
asynchronous generator?
Answer:*n simple, synchronous generator supply+s both acti$e and reacti$e power but
asynchronous generator0induction generator1 supply+s only acti$e power and obser$e
reacti$e power for magneti-ing.This type of generators are used in windmills.

Electrical interview question:What is the /olari-ation indeA $alue ? 0pi $alue1and
simple definition of polari-ation indeA ?
Answer:*ts ratio between insulation resistance0*;1i.e meggar $alue
for :!min to insulation resistance for : min. *t ranges from K-E for new motors D
normally for motor to be in good condition it should be @reater than ".K .


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Electrical interview question:Why syn. generators r used for the production of
electricity?
Answer:synchronous machines ha$e capability to wor) on different power factor0or say
different imaginary power $arying the field emf. Hence syn. generators r used for the
production of electricity.

Electrical interview question:What is the difference between synchronous generator D
asynchronous generator?
Answer:*n simple, synchronous generator supply+s both acti$e and reacti$e power but
asynchronous generator0induction generator1 supply+s only acti$e power and obser$e
reacti$e power for magneti-ing.This type of generators are used in windmills.

Electrical interview question:: ton is e>ual to how many watts?
Answer:: ton 5 :"!!! BT='hr and to con$ert BT='hr to horsepower,
:",!!! M !.!!!#I"I 5 .E:K hp therefore : ton 5 .E:KM.EF 5 #.K 4W.

Electrical interview question:why syn. generators r used for the production of
electricity?
Answer:synchronous machines ha$e capability to wor) on differentpower factor0or say
different imaginary pow $arying the field emf. Hence syn. generators r used for the
production of electricity.

Electrical interview question:,nlist types of dc generator?
Answer:(.&.@enerators are classified into two types :1separatly eAicted d.c.generator
"1self eAicted d.c.generator, which is further classified intoH:1series "1shunt and
#1compound0which is further classified into cumulati$e and differential1.

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Electrical interview question:What is %utomatic 3oltageregulator0%3;1?
Answer:%3; is an abbre$iation for %utomatic 3oltage ;egulator.*t is important part in
9ynchronous @enerators, it controls theoutput $oltage of the generator by controlling its
eAcitation current. Thus it can control the output ;eacti$e /ower of the @enerator.

Electrical interview question:What is an eAciter and how does it wor)?

Answer:There are two types of eAciters, static eAciter and rotory eAciter.purpose of
eAcitor is to supply the eAcitation dc $oltage to the fiAed poles of generator.;otory eAcitor
is an additional small generator mounted on the shaft of main generator. if it is dc
generator, it will supply dc to the rotory poles through slip ring and brushes0 con$entional
alternator1. if it is an ac eAcitor, out put of ac eAcitor is rectified by rotating diodes and
supply dc to main fiAed poles.ac eAcitor is the ac generator whose field winding are
stationary and armature rotates. initial$oltage is built up by residual magnetism.*t gi$es
the starting tor>ue to the generator.

Electrical interview question:(ifference between a four point starter and three point
starter?
Answer:The shunt connection in four point stater is pro$ided separately form the line
where as in three point stater it is connected with line which is the drawbac) in three
point stater

Electrical interview question:Why use the 3&B at High Transmission 9ystem ? Why
can+t use %&B?
Answer:%ctually the thing is $acuum has high arc >ueching property compare to air
because in 3&B ,the die electric strengths e>ual to G times of air . That y always $accum
used as inHT brea)er and air used as in 7T .

Electrical interview question:What is the difference between surge arrestor
and lightning arrestor?
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Answer:7% is installed outside and the effect of lightning is grounded,where as surge
arrestor installed inside panels comprising of resistors which consumes the energy and
nullify the effect of surge.



Electrical interview question:What happens if i connect a capacitor to a generator load?
Answer:&onnecting a capacitor across a generator always impro$es powerfactor,but it
will help depends up on the engine capacity of the alternator,other wise the alternator will
be o$er loaded due to the eAtra watts consumed due to the impro$ement on pf. 9econdly,
don+t connect a capacitor across an alternator while it is pic)ing up or without any other
load.

Electrical interview question:Why the capacitors wor)s on ac only?
Answer:@enerally capacitor gi$es infinite resistance to dc components0i.e., bloc) the dc
components1. it allows the ac components to pass through.

Electrical interview question:,Aplain the wor)ing principal of the circuit brea)er?
Answer:&ircuit Brea)er is one which ma)es or brea)s the circuit.*t has two contacts
namely fiAed contact D mo$ing contact.under normal condition the mo$ing contact
comes in contact with fiAed contact thereby forming the closed contact for the flow of
current. (uring abnormal D faulty conditions0when current eAceeds the rated $alue1 an
arc is produced between the fiAed D mo$ing contacts D thereby it forms the open
circuit%rc is eAtinguished by the %rc Nuenching media li)e air, oil, $accum etc.

Electrical interview question:How many types of colling system it transformers?
Answer::. 6N%N 0oil natural,air natural1
". 6N%8 0oil natural,air forced1
#. 68%8 0oil forced,air forced1
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. 6(W8 0oil direct,water forced1
B3:C K. 68%N 0oil forced,air forced1

Electrical interview question:What is the function of anti-pumping in circuit brea)er?
Answer:when brea)er is close at one time by close push button,the anti pumping
contactor pre$ent re close the brea)er by close push button after if it already close.

Electrical interview question:what is stepper motor.what is its uses?
Answer:9tepper motor is the electrical machine which act upon input pulse applied to it.
it is one type of synchronous motor which runs in steps in either direction instead of
running in complete cycle.so, in automation parts it is used.

Electrical interview question:how to calculate capacitor ban) $alue to maintain unity
power factor with some suitable eAample?
Answer:43%;5 4W0T%N0&690-:1Oe1- T%N0&690-:1Od1 1
Oe5 ,<*9T*N@ /.8.
Od5 (,9*;,( /.8.

Electrical interview question:Tell me in detail about c.t. and p.t. ?0&ompany:reliance1
Answer:The term &.T means current transformer,and the term /.T means potential
transformer.*n circuit where measurements of high $oltage and high current is in$ol$ed
they are used there./articularly when a measuring de$ice li)e $oltmeter or ammeter is not
able to measure such high $alue of >uantity because of large $alue of tor>ue due to such
high $alue it can damage the measuring de$ice.so, &T and /T are introduced in the
circuits. They wor) on the same principle of transformer, which is based on lin)age of
electromagneticfluA produced by primary with secondary.They wor) on the ratio to they
are designed.,.g if &Tis of ratio K!!!PK% and it has to measure secondary current of
G!!!%.then %N95G!!!MKPK!!!5G%and this result will be gi$en to ammeter .and after
measuring G% we can calculate the primary current.same is
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the operation of /T but measuring $oltage.

Electrical interview question:There are a Transformer and an induction machine. Those
two ha$e the same supply. 8or which de$ice the load current will be maAimum? %nd
why?
Answer:The motor has maA load current compare to that of transformer because the
motor consumes real power.. and the transformer is only producing the wor)ing fluA and
its not consuming.. hence the load current in the transformer is because of core loss so it
is minimum.

Electrical interview question:what is power factor? whether it should be high or low?
why?
Answer:/ower factor should be high in order to get smooth operation of the system.7ow
power factor means losses will be more.it is the ratio of true power to apperent power. it
has to be ideally :. if it is too low then cable o$er heating D e>uipment o$erloading will
occur. if it is greater than : then load will act as capacitor and starts feeding the source
and will cause tripping.0if pf is poor eA: !.:E to meet actual power load has to draw more
current03 constant1,result in more lossesif pf is good eA: !.IK to meet actual power load
has to draw less current03 constant1,result in less losses1.


Electrical interview question:What is the difference between *solator and &ircuit
Brea)er?
Answer:*solator is a off load de$ice which is used for isolating the downstream circuits
from upstream circuits for the reason of any maintenance on downstream circuits. it is
manually operated and does not contain any solenoid unli)e circuit brea)er. it should not
be operated while it is ha$ing load. first the load on it must be made -ero and then it can
safely operated. its specification only rated current is gi$en.But circuit brea)er is onload
automatic de$ice used for brea)ing the circuit in case of abnormal conditions li)e short
circuit, o$erload etc., it is ha$ing three specification : is rated current and " is short
circuit brea)ing capacity and # is instantaneous tripping current.

Electrical interview question:what is bouchol- relay and the significance of it in to the
transformer?
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Answer:Bouchol- relay is a de$ice which is used for the protection of transformer from
its internal faults, it is a gas based relay. whene$er any internal fault occurs in a
transformer, the bouchol- relay at once gi$es a horn for some time, if the transformer is
isolated from the circuit then it stop its sound itself other wise it trips the circuit by its
own tripping mechanism.

Electrical interview question:What is 98F &ircuit Brea)er?
Answer:98F is 9ulpher heAa 8louride gas.. if this gas is used as arc >uenching medium in
a &ircuitbrea)er means 98F &B.

Electrical interview question:what is ferrantic effect?
Answer:6utput $oltage is greater than the input $oltage or recei$ing end $oltage is
greater than the sending end $oltage.
The Ferranti effect is a rise in $oltage occurring at the recei$ing end of a
long transmission line, relati$e to the $oltage at the sending end, which occurs when the
line is energi-ed but there is a $ery light load or the load is disconnected.
This effect is due to the $oltage drop across the line inductance 0due to charging current1
being in phase with the sending end $oltages. Therefore both capacitance and inductance
are responsible for producing this phenomenon.B:C
The 8erranti ,ffect will be more pronounced the longer the line and the higher the
$oltage applied.B"C The relati$e $oltage rise is proportional to the s>uare of the line
length.B#C
(ue to high capacitance, the 8erranti effect is much more pronounced in underground
cables, e$en in short lengths.


Electrical interview question: what is meant by insulation $oltage in cables? eAplain it?
Answer:*t is the property of a cable by $irtue of it can withstand the applied $oltage
without rupturing it is )nown as insulation le$el of the cable.

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Electrical interview question: Why we do " types of earthing on transformer 0ie:1body
earthing D neutral earthing , what is function. i am going to install a Koo )$a transformer
D #G! )$a (@ set what should the earthing $alue?
Answer:The two types of earthing are 8amiliar as ,>uipment earthing and system
earthing. *n ,>uipment earthing: body 0 non conducting part1of the e>uipment shouldd be
earthed to safegaurd the human beings.system ,arthing : *n this neutral of the supply
source 0 Transformer or @enerator1 should be grounded. With this,in case of unbalanced
loading neutral will not be shifted.so that unbalanced $oltages will not arise. We can
protect the e>uipment also. With si-e of the e>uipment0 transformer or alternator1and
selection of relying system earthing will be further classified into directly
earthed,*mpedance earthing, resisti$e 0N@;s1 earthing.

Electrical interview question:What is the difference between 2&B D 2&&B, Where it
can be used?
Answer:2&B is miniature circuit brea)er which is thermal operated and use for short
circuit protection in small current rating circuit. 2&&B moulded case circuit brea)er and
is thermal operated for o$er load current and magnetic operation for instant trip in short
circuit condition.under $oltage and under fre>uency may be inbuilt. Normally it is used
where normal current is more than :!!%.

Electrical interview question:Where should the lighting arrestor be placed in
distribution lines?
Answer:Near distribution transformers and out going feeders of ::)$ and incomming
feeder of ##)$ and near power transformers in sub-stations.

Electrical interview question:(efine *(2T relay?
Answer:*t is an in$erse definite minimum time relay.*n *(2T relay its operating is
in$ersely proportional and also a characteristic of minimum time after which this relay
operates.*t is in$erse in the sense ,the tripping time will decrease as the magnitude of
fault current increase.

Electrical interview question:What are the transformer losses?
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Answer:T;%N986;2,; 7699,9 - Transformer losses ha$e two sources-copper loss
and magnetic loss. &opper losses are caused by the resistance of the wire 0*";1. 2agnetic
losses are caused by eddy currents and hysteresis in the core. &opper loss is a constant
after the coil has been wound and therefore a measurable loss. Hysteresis loss is constant
for a particular $oltage and current. ,ddy-current loss, howe$er, is different for each
fre>uency passed through the transformer.


Electrical interview question:What is meant by regenerati$e bra)ing?
Answer:When the supply is cutt off for a running motor, it still continue running due
to inertia. *n order to stop it >uic)ly we place a load0resitor1 across the armature winding
and the motor should ha$e maintained continuous field supply. so that bac) e.m.f $oltage
is made to applyacross the resistor and due to load the motor stops >uic)ly.This type of
brea)ing is called as .;egenerati$e Brea)ing..

Electrical interview question:Why is the starting current high in a (& motor?
Answer:*n (& motors, 3oltage e>uation is 35,b-*a;a 03 5 Terminal $oltage,,b 5 Bac)
emf in 2otor,*a 5 %rmature current,;a 5 %ramture resistance1.%t starting, ,b is -ero.
Therefore, 35*a;a, *a 5 3';a ,where ;a is $ery less li)e !.!:ohm.i.e, *a will become
enormously increased.

Electrical interview question:What are the ad$antages of star-delta starter with
induction motor?
Answer:0:1. The main ad$antage of using the star delta starter is reduction of current
during the starting of the motor.9tarting current is reduced to #- times 6f current of
(irect online starting.0"1. Hence the starting current is reduced , the $oltage drops during
the starting of motor in systems are reduced.

Electrical interview question:Why (elta 9tar Transformers are used for 7ighting
7oads?
Answer:8or lighting loads, neutral conductor is must and hence the secondary must be
star winding. and this lighting load is always unbalanced in all three phases. To minimi-e
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the current unbalance in the primary we use delta winding in the primary. 9o delta ' star
transformer is used for lighting loads.

Electrical interview question:Why in a three pin plug the earth pin is thic)er and longer
than the other pins?
%nswer:*t depends upon ;5rho l'a where area0a1 is in$ersely proportional to resistance
0;1, so if 0a1 increases, ; decreases D if ; is less the lea)age current will ta)e low
resistance path so the earth pin should be thic)er. *t is longer because the The 8irst to
ma)e the connection and 7ast to disconnnect should be earth /in. This assures 9afety for
the person who uses the electrical instrument.

Electrical interview question:Why series motor cannot be started on no-load?
%nswer:9eries motor cannot be started without load because of high starting tor>ue.
9eries motor are used in Trains, &rane etc.

Electrical interview question:Why ,7&B can+t wor) if N input of ,7&B do not connect
to ground?
Answer:,7&B is used to detect earth lea)age fault. 6nce the phase and neutral are
connected in an ,7&B, the current will flow through phase and that much current will
ha$e to return neutral so resultant current is -ero. 6nce there is a ground fault in the load
side, current from phase will directly pass through earth and it will not return through
neutral through ,7&B. That means once side current is going and not returning and hence
because of this difference in current ,7&B wil trip and it will safe guard the other circuits
from faulty loads. *f the neutral is not grounded, fault current will definitely high and that
full fault current will come bac) through ,7&B, and there will be no difference in
current.


Electrical interview question:How electrical power is generated by an %.& @enerator?
Answer:8or the generation of elect power we need a prime mo$er which supplies
mechanical power input to the alternator, can be steam turbines,or hydro turbines .When
poles of the rotor mo$es under the armature conductors which are placed on the stator
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,field fluA cut the armature conductor ,therefore $oltage is generated and is of sinusoidal
in nature...due to polarity change of rotor poles0i,e1 N-9-N-9.

Electrical interview question:Why an ac solenoid $al$e attract the plunger e$en though
we interchanges the terminal? Will the poles changes?
Answer:Les because the poles changes for e$ery half-cycle of ac $oltageso the polarity
of %& $oltage is continuously changing for e$ery half cycle. so, interchanging of
terminals in ac system does not show any difference. That+s why the ac solenoid attract
the plunger e$en though it+s terminals are interchanged.

Electrical interview question:What is derating?, why it is necessary, it is same for all
means for dri$es, motors,and cables.
Answer:The current currying of cables will change depending upon the site temperature
0location of site1, type of run 0it will run through duct, trench, buried etc.1, number of
tray, depth of trench, distance between cables. &onsidering this condition actual current
currying capacity of cable reduce than current currying capacity 0which gi$en to cable
&atalogue1 this is called derating.

Electrical interview question:Why temperature rise is conducted in bus bars and
isolators?
Answer:Bus bars and isolators are rated for continuous power flow, that means they carry
hea$y currents which rises their temperature. so it is necessary to test this de$ices for
temperature rise.

Electrical interview question:When $oltage increases then current also increases then
what is the need of o$er $oltage relay and o$er current relay? &an we measure
o$er $oltage and o$er current by measuring current only?
Answer:No.We can+t sense the o$er $oltage by Just measuring the current only because
the current increases not only for o$er $oltages but also for under $oltage0%s most of the
loads are non-linear in nature1.9o,the o$er $oltage protection D o$er current protection
are completely different. 6$er $oltage relay meant for sensing o$er $oltages D protect
the system from insulation brea) down and firing. 6$er current relay meant for sensing
any internal short circuit, o$er load condition ,earth fault thereby reducing the system
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failure D ris) of fire.9o, for a better protection of the system.*t should ha$e both
o$er $oltage D o$er current relay.

Electrical interview question:*f one lamp connects between two phases it will glow or
not?
Answer:*f the $oltage between the two phase is e>ual to the lamp $oltagethen the lamp
will glow. When the $oltage difference is big it will damage the lamp and when
the difference is smaller the lamp will glow depending on the type of lamp.



Electrical interview question:How do you select a cable si-e 0&u D %l1 for a particular
load?
Answer:%t first calculate the electrical current of the load, after that derate the electrical
current considering derating factor0depending on site condition and laying of cable1 after
choose the cable si-e from cablecatalog considering derating electrical current.%fter that
measure the length of cable re>uired from supply point of load to load poin. &alculate
the $oltage drop which will maA #Q 0resistance and reactance of cable found from
cable catalog of selecting cable1 if $oltage dropR#Q
then choose neAt higher si-e of cable.

Electrical interview question:What are H;& fuses and where it is used?
Answer:H;& stand for .high rupturing capacity. fuse and it is used in distribution
system for electrical transformers.

Electrical interview question:Which power plant has high load factor?
Answer:%ll base load power plants ha$e a high load factor. *f we use high efficiency
power plants to supply the base load,we can reduce the cost of generation.Hydel power
plants ha$e a higher efficiency than thermal D nuclear power plants.

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Electrical interview question:2ention the methods for starting an induction motor?
Answer:The different methods of starting an induction motor
(67:direct online starter

9tar delta starter
%uto transformer starter
;esistance starter
9eries reactor starter

Electrical interview question:What is the difference between earth resistance and earth
electrode resistance?
Answer:6nly one of the terminals is e$ident in the earth resistance. *n order to find the
second terminal we should recourse to its definition: ,arth ;esistance is the resistance
eAisting between the electrically accessible part of a buried electrode and another point of
the earth, which is far away.
The resistance of the electrode has the following components:
0%1 the resistance of the metal and that of the connection to it.
0B1 the contact resistance of the surrounding earth to the electrode.

Electrical interview question:What is use of loc)out relay in ht $oltage?
Answer:% loc)-out relay is generally placed in line before or after the e-stop switch so
the power can be shut off at one central location. This relay is powered by the same
electrical source as the control power and is operated by a )ey loc) switch. The relay
itself may ha$e up to " contact points within the unit itself. This allows the control
power for multiple machines to be loc)ed out by the turn of a single )ey switch.

Electrical interview question:What is the power factor of an alternator at no load?
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Answer:%t no load 9ynchronous *mpedance of the alternator is responsible for creating
angle difference. 9o it should be -ero lagging li)e inductor.


Electrical interview question:Why most of analog o'p de$ices ha$ing o'p range to "!
m% and not ! to "! m% ?

Answer:-"! m% is a standard range used to indicate measured $alues for any process.
The reason that ma is chosen instead of ! m% is for fail safe operation .8or eAample-
a pressure instrument gi$es output m% to indicate ! psi, up to "! m% to indicate :!! psi,
or full scale. (ue to any problem in instrument 0i.e1 bro)en wire, its output reduces to !
m%. 9o if range is !-"! m% then we can differentiate whether it is due to bro)en wire or
due to ! psi.
Electrical interview question:Two bulbs of :!!w and !w respecti$ely connected in
series across a "#!$ supply which bulb will glow bright and why?

Answer:9ince two bulbs are in series they will get e>ual amount of electrical current but
as the supply $oltage is constant across the bulb0/53S"';1.9o the resistance of !W bulb
is greater and $oltage across !W is more 035*;1 so !W bulb will glow brighter.

Electrical interview question:What is meant by )nee point $oltage?

Answer:4nee point $oltage is calculated for electrical &urrent transformers and is $ery
important factor to choose a &T. *t is the $oltage at which a &T gets saturated.0&T-current
transformer1.

Electrical interview question:What is re$erse power relay?
Answer:;e$erse /ower flow relay are used in generating stations+s protection. %
generating stations is supposed to fed power to the grid and in case generating units are
off,there is no generation in the plant then plant may ta)e power from grid. To stop the
flow of power from grid to generator we use re$erse power relay.
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Electrical interview question:What will happen if (& supply is gi$en on the primary of
a transformer?
Answer:2ainly transformer has high inductance and low resistance.*n case of (& supply
there is no inductance ,only resistance will act in theelectrical circuit. 9o high electrical
current will flow through primary side of the transformer.9o for this reason coil and
insulation will burn out.

Electrical interview question:What is the difference between isolators
and electrical circuit brea)ers? What is bus-bar?
Answer:*solators are mainly for switching purpose under normal conditions but they
cannot operate in fault conditions .%ctually they used for isolating the &Bs for
maintenance. Whereas &B gets acti$ated under fault conditions according to the fault
detected.Bus bar is nothing but a Junction where the power is getting distributed for
independent loads.

Electrical interview question:What are the ad$antage of free wheeling diode in a 8ull
Wa$e rectifier?
Answer:*t reduces the harmonics and it also reduces spar)ing and arching across the
mechanical switch so that it reduces the $oltage spi)e seen in a inducti$e load


Electrical interview question:What are 2otor @enerator 9ets and eAplain the different
ways the motor generator set can be used ?
Answer:2otor @enerator 9ets are a combination of an electrical generator and an engine
mounted together to form a single piece of e>uipment. 2otor generator set is also
referred to as a genset, or more commonly, a generatorThe motor generator set can used
in the following different ways:

:.%lternating current 0%&1 to direct current 0(&1
".(& to %&
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#.(& at one $oltage to (& at another $oltage
.%& at one fre>uency to %& at another harmonically-related fre>uency
Electrical interview question:What is power >uality meter ?
Answer:/ower Nuality meters are common in many industrial en$ironment. 9mall units
are now a$ailable for home use as well. They gi$e operators the ability to monitor the
both perturbations on the power supply, as well as power used within a building, or by a
single machine or appliance. *n some situations, e>uipment function and operation is
monitored and controlled from a remote location where communication is $ia modem, or
high-speed communication lines.9o we can understand the importance of power
measurement through power >uality meters.

Electrical interview question:What is the different between digital phase con$erter and
ordinary phase con$erter?
Answer:(igital phase con$erter are a recent de$elopment in phase con$erter technology
that utili-es proprietary software in a powerful microprocessor to control solid state
power switching components. This microprocessor, called a digital signal processor
0(9/1, monitors the phase con$ersion process, continually adJusting the input and output
modules of the con$erter to maintain perfectly balanced three-phase power under all load
conditions.

Electrical interview question:,Aplain the operation of $ariablefre>uency transformer?
Answer:% $ariable fre>uency transformer is used to transmit electricity between two
asynchronous alternating current domains. % $ariablefre>uency transformer is a doubly-
fed electric machine resembling a $ertical shaft hydroelectric generator with a three-
phase wound rotor, connected by slip rings to one eAternal ac power circuit. % direct-
current tor>ue motor is mounted on the same shaft. &hanging the direction of tor>ue
applied to the shaft changes the direction of power flowH with no applied tor>ue, the shaft
rotates due to the difference in fre>uency between the networ)s connected to the rotor
and stator.The $ariablefre>uency transformer beha$es as a continuously adJustable phase-
shifting transformer. *t allows control of the power flow between two networ)s .

Electrical interview question:What is the main use of rotary phase con$erter ?
Answer:;otary phase con$erter will be con$erting single phase power into true balanced
# phase power,so it is often called as single phase to three phase con$erter .6ften the
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ad$antages of # phase motors, and other # phase e>uipment, ma)e it worthwhile to
con$ert single phase to # phase so that small and large consumers need not want to pay
for the eAtra cost of a # phase ser$ice but may still wish to use # phase e>uipment.


Electrical interview questions:Which type of oil is used as a transformer oil?
Answers:Transformer oil, or insulating oil, is usually a highly-refined mineral oil that is
stable at high temperatures and has eAcellent electrical insulating properties. *t is used in
oil filled transformers, some types of high $oltage capacitors, fluorescent lamp ballasts,
and some types of high $oltage switches and circuit brea)ers. *ts functions are to insulate,
suppress corona and arcing, and to ser$e as a coolant.

Well into the :IE!s, polychlorinated biphenyls 0/&B1s were often used as a dielectric
fluid since they are not flammable. They are toAic, and under incomplete combustion, can
form highly toAic products such as furan. 9tarting in the early :IE!s, concerns about the
toAicity of /&Bs ha$e led to their banning in many countries.

Today, non-toAic, stable silicon-based or fluoridated hydrocarbons are used, where the
added eApense of a fire-resistant li>uid offsets additional building cost for a transformer
$ault. &ombustion-resistant $egetable oil-based dielectric coolants and synthetic
pentaerythritol tetra fatty acid 0&E, &G1 esters are also becoming increasingly common as
alternati$es to naphthenic mineral oil. ,sters are non-toAic to a>uatic life, readily
biodegradable, and ha$e a lower $olatility and higher flash points than mineral oil.

Electrical interview questions: *f we gi$e "## %, K!3 on /rimary side of :.:"K 23%
step up transformer, then what will be the 9econdary &urrent, *f 9econdary 3oltage5::
43?
Answers :%s we )now the 3oltage D current relation for transformer-3:'3" 5 *"'*:
We 4now, 3*5 K! 3H 3"5::43 or ::!!! 3H *:5 "## %mps.
By putting these $alue on ;elation-
K!'::!!!5 *"'"##
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9o,*" 5 ::.K %mps

Electrical interview questions:what are the points to be consider for 2&B0miniature
circuit brea)er selection?Answers:*071M:."K5*02%<1 maAimum current. 2cb
specification are done on maAimum current flow in circuit.
Electrical interview questions:what is the full form of 43%;?
Answers:We )now there are three types of power in ,lectricals as %cti$e, apparent D
reacti$e. 9o 43%; is stand for TT4ilo 3olt %mps with ;eacti$e component.

Electrical interview questions:What is eAcitation?
Answer:,Acitation is applying an eAternal $oltage to (& shunt coil
in (& motors.

Electrical interview questions:*n three pin plug F %mp. ""!$ %& rating. why earth pin
diameter is higher than ohter two pin? what its purpose ?

Answer:Because &urrent flow in the conductor is in$ersely proportional to the conductor
diameter. 9o if any short circuits occur in the system first high currents bypassed in the
,arthling terminal.0 ;5/l'a area of the conductor increases resistance
$alue decreases1


Electrical interview questions:(ifferent between megger and contact resistance meter?
Answers:2egger used to measure cable resistance, conductor continuity, phase
identification where as contact resistance meter used to measure low resistance li)e relays
,contactors.

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Electrical interview questions :When we connect the capacitor ban) in series ?

Answers:we connect capacitor ban) in series to impro$e the $oltage profile at the load
end in transmission line there is considerable $oltage drop along the transmission line due
toimpedance of the line. so in order to bring the $oltage at the load terminals within its
limits i.e 0U or - QF 1of the
rated terminal $oltage the capacitor ban) is used in series

Electrical interview questions:What is (i$ersity factor in electrical installations?
Answers:(i$ersity factor is the ratio of the sum of the indi$idual maAimum demands of
the $arious subdi$isions of a system, or part of a system, to the maAimum demand of the
whole system, or part of the system, under consideration. (i$ersity factor is usually more
than one.

Electrical interview questions:Why field rheostat is )ept in minimum position while
armature rheostat at maAimum position?
Answers:*n motors at the time of starting the armature resistance is introduced to reduce
the high starting current and the field resistance is )ept minimum to ha$e high starting
tor>ue.

Electrical interview questions:Why humming sound occurred in h HT transmission
line?
Answers:This sound is coming due to ioni-ation 0brea)down of air into charged
particles1 of air around transmission conductor. This effect is called as &orona effect, and
it is considered as power loss.

Electrical interview questions :what is rated speed?
Answers:%t the time of motor ta)ing normal current 0rated current1the speed of the
motor is called rated speed. *t is a speed at which any system ta)e small current and gi$e
maAimum efficiency.
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Electrical interview questions:What is different between grounding and earthings?
Answers:@rounding means connecting the neutral point of the load to the ground to carry
the residual current in case of unbalanced conditions through the neutral to the ground
whereas earthing is done in an electric e>uipment in order to protect he e>uipment in
occurence of fault in the system.

Electrical interview questions:Why should be the fre>uency is K! h- only why not
others li)e K, IK KF or anything , why should we maintain the fre>uency constant if so
why it is only K! ?
Answers:We can ha$e the fre>uency at any fre>uency you li)e, but than you must also
ma)e your own motors, transformers or any other e>uipment you want to use.We
maintain the fre>uency at K!h- or F!h- cos the world maintains a standard at K! 'F!h-
and the e>uipments are are made to operate at these fre>uency.


Why transformer rating in 43% instead of 4W?

%ny de$ice is rated depending on losses of the machine. *n a transformer the losses are
iron losses which depends on $oltage and copper losses which depends on current so
there are no losses which depend on power factor hence transformer is rated in 43%.

There are " losses in transformer. 6ne is copper loss which depends on current and the
other is iron loss which depends on $oltage. These two factors are not affected by the
power factor. This is why transformers are rated in 43% and not 4W. 9ingle phase 43%
5 %mps A 3olts':!!!. 9ingle phase 4W 5 %mps A 3olts A pf':!!!. # phase 43% 5 %mps
A 3olts A :.E#':!!!. # phase 4W 5 %mps A 3olts A :.E# A pf':!!!
yes there are two type of losses in transformer is that ohmic losses and core losses .
ohmic losses due to transformer current and core losses due to transformer $oltage. these
losses are due to transformer $oltage and current. and these losses not depends on load ie
)w that+s the way its rating in )$a..
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