Exchange interaction in a couple of

relativistic magnetic rotators, synchronously connected.

V.S. Shcherbak
It is shown in the article that the relativistic magnetic rotator has a series of earlier unknown
properties, which allow to explain the behavior of elementary particles in microcosm: precession of
elementary particles spins, physical nature of an exchange interaction in molecular and nuclear bonds. he
existence proof of earlier unknown properties at a synchronously rotated couple of relativistic magnetic
rotators is given in the article.
he synchronous communication ensuring transmission of a rotation angle,
synchronous gyration of power generators and operating mechanisms is widely used in
industry, especially in energetic !"#. he synchronous communication is implemented by
electrical communication line termed as an $electrical shaft%. he rotating element of
such generators &rotor' represents a magnetic rotator &()'. () is a magnetic field
source, the ring conductor with a circulating current which rotates on the axis transiting
along the ring diameter. he synchronous connection between two rotating () can be
executed by magnetic communication line connected or a $magnetic shaft%, but this
method is not applied in techni*ue because of high magnetic &+et' air resistance. ,ctive,
thermal losses of electrical energy in communication line wires are unavoidable at the use
of synchronous communication by the $electrical shaft%. he $magnetic shaft% provides
power transmission without active losses, that distinguishes it significantly from the
$electrical shaft%.
,t () rotation rate increase up to the values, at which it is necessary to take into
account the relativistic effects, () becomes a relativistic magnetic rotator &)()'. he
elementary particles, having a magnetic moment, rotate or precess with high relativistic
velocities in a microcosm. hey can interact among themselves, combining in
synchronously connected couples by the $magnetic shaft%. he investigations, executed
by the author, have shown !-# that the vacuum properties change in the rotating system
connected with )(). In some distance from )(), on the cylinder forming surface,
which axis is parallel the rotator spin axis, according to the theory of relativity !.,/#, the
vacuum dielectric and magnetic penetration aims at perpetuity asymptotically. he
peculiar cylindrical wave guide forms around )() in space, in which walls the magnetic
penetration aims at perpetuity in the direction parallel the spin axis. he diminution of the
vacuum magnetic resistance allows to gain the synchronous communication and transmit
the power without energy loss by so0called $magnetic shaft% connecting two and more
)() into the unified synchronously rotating system.
It is known that the magnetic moment vector is located in space along the direction of
an exterior magnetic field. he potential energy () becomes minimal at complete
direction concurrence of an exterior rotating magnetic field and rotator magnetic moment.
herefore the synchronously connected rotating couple () at the angle Q has synchronic
moment e*ual to the magnetic energy gradient, which reduces the mismatch angle of
magnetic rotators, at the mismatch of natural magnetic fields. he magnetic field energy
of the synchronously connected couple () gets the minimum value at the mismatch Q
angle e*ual to 1ero. It occurs at complete coaxiality of rotating magnetic fields, ()
gyration angular synchroni1ation, and also at minimum &vanishing' distance between
them. he above described properties of synchroni1ing magnetic fields are well described
in the theory of electrical machines and widely applied in techni*ue !"#.
he relativistic synchronously rotating couple of magnetic rotators 0 )() has two
remarkable properties more:
". he distance 2 between two )() can only be half multiple to the wavelength
spreading along the spin axis: X = n/2, where n = 0, 1, 2, 3... are integers.
-. he magnet moments direction, their instantaneous value, )() couples can only be
parallel at = /2+n or antiparallel at X = n, where
n = 0,1, 2, 3... are integers.
3et4s give the proofs of these properties. he force F, acting between magnet moments
()" and ()- is determined as the gradient of magnetic field energy change F = -
gradEm at constant coupling stream. he energies of magnetic and electrical field are
e*ual in the electromagnetic wave. he energy of a connecting electromagnetic wave is
proportional to its fre*uency and e*ual E = for synchronically connected couple
)(). he moment
J

, e*uali1ing () rotation fre*uencies, is e*ual

' 5&
- "
= S J

,
where
S

is the 6ointing7s vector of electromagnetic field. he moment dependence

J

on
the fre*uency difference &8" 9 8-' is given in &fig."'.
:ig."
he potential energy of two arbitrary (), synchronously rotating along one axis, will
be minimum at the magnetic field congruence &magnetic force lines' of one magnetic
rotator ; ()" with a spatial arrangement of the other magnetic rotator ; ()-, i. e. at
the mismatch angle Q, e*ual to 1ero. Such congruence occurs then, when the spin axes of
both () are on one line, and their magnetic moments are directed to the opposite sides.
<e should take into account a time delay for )(). he rotator magnetic field ()",
spreading with the light speed 0 C, will reach the rotator ()- in time t = X/C &fig.-',
therefore for the concordance of the magnetic field direction from the rotator ()" with a
spatial ()- rotator location, the last should retard the rotator ()" in the angle Q
1
= X/C
, where is )() rotation fre*uency. X synchroni1ed moment at constant distance
between rotators effective on ()-, will increase with the Q mismatch angle increase.
:ig.-
he moment will increase also at magnification or diminution of the distance between
)() and constant Q angle. =n the other hand, the last should be backward from the
rotator ()- in the angle Q
2
=/ for the magnetic field congruence from the rotator
()- with a spatial ()" rotator location. ,s the values X, in both formulas are e*ual,
Q
1
= Q
2
= Q, so both rotators should be backward in the same angle Q. It will occur
then, when Q = n, where n > ?,",-,.... <e find distance between ()( from here, at
which the values of a magnetic field potential energy will be minimum: / = n @
whence X = n/C = n/2, where n > ?,",-,. A Synchronously rotating on one axis,
the couple )() has a minimum potential energy at distances, multiple half of the wave
length between rotators and the Q angle mismatch, e*ual to 1ero. Instantaneous directions
of magnetic moments can be parallel &fig..', at:
= /2+n, &"'
=r antiparallel, at:
= n, &-'
as it should be proved.

:ig..
,t the Q angle change or the distance between rotators in so small value the
simultaneous magnetic fields congruence of both rotators is impossible. here is a
synchroni1ed moment, proportional to bias or Q
1
- Q
2
angles difference. here is a
conservative force ; F, e*ual to the potential energy gradient, which returns )() on the
distance multiple /2 &fig. .'. In this case, the electromagnetic energy stream transmits a
part of the impulse moment from the rotator, advanced in an angle, to the rotator being
backward. (inimum distance between two synchronously connected )() is e*ual to a
half of wavelength, thus the magnetic moments of both rotators should be strictly parallel.
he distance change between rotators occurs in steps, on the wave half0length. he
instantaneous direction of magnetic moments varies from parallel &at minimum distance'
to antiparallel &at distances, multiple the wavelength'.
It is possible to make a deduction on the basis of above0stated and as it is shown in !-#:
the peculiar cylindrical wave guide is formed around )(), inside which, the
electromagnetic wave, polari1ed on a circle, spreads. 6onderomotive forces appear
between similar ob+ects, their fre*uencies and spin axes are leveled, there is a
synchronous connection by the $magnetic shaft%. he distance between )() becomes
multiple /2, and the relative direction of magnetic moments is set as parallel or
antiparallel. he synchroni1ing moment becomes e*ual to 1ero at the complete
synchroni1ation of the )() couple rotation, that causes the oscillatory process in inertial
ob+ects. herefore )() couple, synchronously connected, is dynamically steady, when it
constantly makes B1eroB oscillations on a rotation angle phase and connection length near
the values of these parameters complete synchroni1ation. he similar ob+ects can form the
structure like a torus in case of extraneous radial force available. he torus length,
according to the re*uirements of )() synchronous rotation &-', should be multiple to a
wavelength. he maximal possible amount of )(), located inside, is e*ual to the
doubled value of wavelengths in a torus.
he experimental works, carried out by 6.C.3ebedev !D#, have shown, that the
ponderomotive forces occurring between wave generators with various polari1ation and
in various mediums &fluid, gas, vacuum for electromagnetic waves' are stipulated by
medium properties exclusively located between generators. he vacuum properties are
those that the relation is / = for electromagnetic waves, photons. :rom here the
electromagnetic wave impulse moment being in the volume, occupied by one wave length
of the connected )() couple, is e*ual , and its minimum value, at the connection
length /2, is e*ual /2. :or running electromagnetic wave, polari1ed on a circle excited
by )(), and spreading along the direction in a wave0guide, we shall record the
e*uation !E#:
' cos& t ! " #
m
=

-
' sin& t ! " $
m

&.'
where ! is a wave number e*ual to 2%/, "m is the amplitude value of the magnetic
induction.
3et4s consider the relativistic gyroscope precession having parallel magnetic and
mechanical moments. he precessional gyration &fig. /' occurs at the forces exterior
moment affect on a gyroscope around its axis.
&:ig. /'
here is a field of one magnetic rotator at the precession angle Q1 between the impulse
mechanical moment of a gyroscope and forces exterior moment e*ual to %/2. he impulse
moment pro+ection of arbitrary *uantity on a precession axis is e*ual to 1ero in this case.
he %/2 magnetic poles, located on a gyroscope clips, feature a circle in space at angles
Q2, Q3, smaller or larger, exciting a rotating magnetic field of two magnetic ()", ()-
*ua1irotators. hey rotate along one axis synchronously, their magnetic moments are
parallel &fig. /'. If the precessional rotation is implemented with relativistic velocities, so
the distance between two formed )() according to &"', can obtain the values
n
= /2
+ n, where n > ?,",-,... .. herefore, the precession angle changes in spurts at the
exterior moment affect on )(), having magnetic and mechanical moments of arbitrary
value, so the distance between formed *ua1irotators ()", ()- was e*ual to one of the
values
n
. he precessing )() can have the distance between *ua1irotators only e*ual
to: 0& /2& 3/2& '/2 etc. ,s it is shown above, the moment numerical value of the
electromagnetic field impulse of synchronously connected couple )() is proportional to
the distance between rotators. So, the impulse moment of connecting electromagnetic
field, is e*ual to at the distance between )() in one wavelength . In conse*uence of
it, the pro+ection onto a precession axis of its arbitrary *uantity mechanical moment can
ac*uire only the following values during )() precession: 0& /2& 3/2& '/2 etc. &:ig. /'.
,s the *ua1irotators magnetic moments are always parallel, so the pro+ection change of
)() precessing impulse moment can be only multiple to . he same spin pro+ection
values have elementary particles, as well as atoms nuclei having magnetic moment.
he elementary particles motion in a microcosm occurs with very high relativistic
velocities. herefore the elementary particles behavior having the magnetic moment of
fermions can be explained by )() electromagnetic fields properties. he molecular
bond between two valence electrons is executed by the electromagnetic field and
exchange interaction force. he Schrodinger7s e*uation precisely describes the various
sides of this phenomenon, but the physical interpretation of the molecular bond process is
not clear completely. ,s the magnetic field energy of an electron is less in four order than
its electric field energy and molecular bond energy, so it can be considered, that the
molecular bond is provided with the energy of an electron electrostatic field. ,s it is
shown above, the dynamic synchronous connection by the $magnetic shaft% has unlimited
energy, as the energy of a connecting electromagnetic wave is proportional to the rotation
fre*uency. he diameter and length of the $magnetic shaft% decrease with the connection
energy increase. herefore the synchronous electromagnetic connection by the $magnetic
shaft% can represent the universal instrument, which the nature uses for the environment
build0up, including both molecular and nuclear bond providing. It is possible to give the
following known facts for the benefit of the above0described model of the molecular
bond. It is known that mutual arrangement of valence electrons spins plays one of the
important roles at chemical reactions. ,s the magnetic field energy of valence electrons is
less in four order than the chemical bond energy, so this fact has no the reasoned physical
explanation. =ne of the Schrodinger7s e*uation solutions for molecular bond can be
presented as:

=
cos (

' 5 & Et ! +
sin ( )

' 5 & Et ! (4)

<e shall record the e*uation &/' in an obvious view:
=
' , & *

' 5 cos&

Et ! ( # -

5 sin& Et ! ( $ ) (5)
he physical sense of the e*uation &.' for a synchronously connected )() couple is
known and the matter is that the magnetic induction source
"

rotates in the plane #, $. It

excites the electromagnetic wave polari1ed on a circle which spreads in the cylindrical
area along the axis with the light speed C. )eaching the other rotator, the
electromagnetic wave is immersed completely and, in case of phases disparity, the
ponderomotive forces level the rotation phases of both rotators. he )() couple has the
strongest bond at minimum possible connection length e*ual to /2. hus the
instantaneous directions of both rotators magnetic moments are parallel &signs of wave
functions coincide', and their magnetic moments compensate each other completely. he
synchronous connection of the )() couple is provided by ponderomotive forces
occurring between two generators of electromagnetic waves with circular polari1ation.
he connection energy increases proportionally to the fre*uency growth, as the energy of
a binding electromagnetic wave increases. hus the connection length and its diameter
decrease. he constant exchange of the impulse moment between )() and the 1ero
oscillations of connection length provide a dynamically stable synchronous connection.
<hen the impulse moment value reaches the value /2 at the exchange, the connection
length increases in /2, and the instantaneous directions of magnetic moments change ;
become antiparallel &wave functions have opposite signs'. wo )() with the same
rotation fre*uency and direction can not exist for a long time in a limited volume, as they
form the synchronously connected couple )(), thus the rotators magnetic moments are
compensated.
he e*uation of a wave function &D' for a connected couple of valence electrons
coincides completely &taking into account that = E/+' with the e*uation &.', therefore it
can be interpreted as follows. he vector
(

, physical sense, which is not clear

completely, describing the molecular bond electromagnetic field &the electromagnetic
interaction executes molecular bond', rotates in the plane y, 1. he wave function of one
valence electron spreads along the axis with the velocity C and reaches other valence
electron when its spin direction coincides the vector
(

. he molecular bond energy

change occurs at the impulse moment change of the electromagnetic field e*ual or
multiple to +. 3ike )(), two electrons can not have all identical *uantum numbers, as
they form synchronously connected couple with a 1ero magnetic moment &6auli4s
principle'. he singlet state arises, when the connected couple aggregate spin of valence
electrons is e*ual to 1ero, and the wave functions have identical signs that corresponds to
a parallel direction of the argument
(

vectors. he apparent contradiction for singlet

connections &attraction instead of repulsion at identical signs of valence electrons wave
functions' is eliminated and becomes clear by viewing in a rotating frame of reference.
:or a period, necessary to a wave function for distance passing between electrons, other
electron, with the wave function identical sign will turn on the angle %, its wave function
will change its sign into opposite one. Synchronously connected )() couple
corresponds to the exchange interaction model completely as mathematically as
physically. he exchange field in both connections represents an exchange of
electromagnetic energy portions in the form of electromagnetic wave, polari1ed on a
circle. he wave function *uadrate of a connecting electron is e*ual to the electron
presence probability in the area or time0average density of electron mass distribution, and
the magnetic induction *uadrate of the synchronously connected )() couple is
proportional to electromagnetic field energy or distribution density of electromagnetic
mass. It is impossible to define the impulse direction in an arbitrary point in both cases
&Feisenberg7s indeterminacy', as the electromagnetic field energy stream ; 6ointing7s
vector is not dotty, but spatially distributed. It means that the physical sense has impulse
direction definition only for the volume exceeding the electromagnetic field volume of
synchronously connected couple )(), in which wave half length /2 or the impulse
moment +/2, relevant to this length, can be placed.
he uni*ue properties of )() electromagnetic field allow interpreting nuclear and
molecular forces as electromagnetic, caused by synchronous spin rotation of valence
electrons and nucleons.
)eferences
!"# ; V. V. Cechaev Electrical machines. (. Vyshchy shkola. &"GEH', pages -"I.
!-# 0 V.S. Shcherbak Energy of a ball lightning, uni*ue properties of a relativistic
magnetic rotator. Jrasnodar. Soviet Juban. &-??.'.
!.# ; J. (eller he theory of relativity. (. ,tom. &"GHD', pages .??, -H/.
!/# ; 3. K. 3andau, E. (. 3ivshits. , field theory. (. Cauka &"GII', pages ....
!D# ; 6.C. 3ebedev he collection of works. (. ,cademy of sciences. &"GE.', pages
"-".
!E# 0 :. Jrauford. Lerkley7s course of physics. <aves. Volume .. (. Cauka &"GI/',
pages .D-.