VmemhuSany amd CIra!

Aetivities
|
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; , c1i l F*t ' *1": r ges
I
WoaahuuEar3r: Feods aard Bewerages
I
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aEht ht t t (
Meat
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Fish
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t t t
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Vegetables
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df t / r
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Hd)
/c**a'
drinks; beverages
foodstuffs
to get hungry
to get thirsty
meat
beef
pork
chicken
lamb
ground meat
ground meat
fish
shellfish
tuna
salmon
cuttiefish
octopus
vegetable
Iettuce
CAIIOT
bean; pea
potato
cucumber
onion
tomato
green pepper
a-l
i l
| 862 Food
9
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r P r u u e r g p u e ^ t P l n q P l o n
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r n o d ; o J o p J o o q l u r s u r o l r o q ]
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)
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a a J J o J
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CUTTURE NOTE: TJ#
( * S6+)
When you go to a restaurant i n Ameri ca, a wai ter
or wai tress fi rst bri ngs a gl ass of water. In Japan,
when you go to a tradi ti onal restaurant, the fi rst
thi ng you are served i s green tea. When you vi si t a
resi dence or a company, general l y a cup of green tea
i s served soon afl er your arri val . Someti mes, however,
visitors are served black tea-f,I # literally, crimson
tJ
J<5 15
tea or coffee rather tha n
ffi, #.
(green tea). Many
A C "
people enjoy AjE
(rea ceremony
llit,
the way of teal),
whi ch teaches the practi ti oner the art of hospi tal i t,
through ri tual i zed preparati on and servi ng of tea to
guests. Young women often study i t as part of thei r
preparati on for marri age. When you wantto chat
wi th someone or take hi m or her out, you mi ght say
tj+T 6ffi4* t/rfr
(Shall we have some tea?).
In short, tea pl ays an i mportant rol e i n Japanese Ii fe.
Most nei ghborhoods have a speci al ty tea store that
sel l s many di fferent ki nds of tea. These are some of
the common offeri nos.
1!/!E+
Fii*
I t / ! 6F
x*
i l 56r
_ A
5 t
rf / / *r\ #
& ? b f
**tr
5 f
t * t r >#
Efr#
sencha (good-quality
green tea)
bancha (an everyday,
coarser green tea)
barley tea (served chilled
in summdr)
b rown-rice tea (co nta i ns
popcorn-like bits of
puffed rice)
powdered tea (used in the
tea ceremony; a popular
ice cream flavor)
oolong tea (chilled in
summer)
seaweed
"tea" (a ctu a I ly,
powdered seaweed)
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=
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o u r s r n l o s o u e d E l
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p o o J
] s e J
u a r p l D l
u 3 q 3 ] D I
l u E J n e l s a J
T J E U s
S u r u a n o
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I E a l u
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>
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> ] o * .
' s a r u o l u o s
3 u r , r , t o 1 1 o 3 o q ] u T p a q r r J s o p s a 8 e r e . t o q p u B s p o o J a q l f g p u e p l
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ttl' a
ffi
7 t 7 4 E 7 4
-
a c / at g
Hn i'f*Arl:,fEAA^*
tut=hs" (What did you eat
for
breakfast?)
Di scuss i n cl ass.
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p a l q e u o
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u r e r a q l ' l p a u a q l p a r e d e r d o q m a ; d o a d
0 q l
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e q l
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a q l
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l p q l - e l q r s s o d ; e a u r
a q t a p p u r
1 e q 1
s b u r q l p u e a ; d o a d a q l p r e m o l p a p e r p
a p n 1 4 e l 6 ; o s u o r s s a l d x a o l p q l o g
' q s r u r ;
{ a q 1 r a 4 e
( r o a l n s n n U ' t r t ) r l , l ) +
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p u e u r b a q
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1
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' a 6 u e r
a : r r d
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l u e r n p l s a r
u a n r b e r a l l l a q ^ e u r u r e l a p
{ ; t s e a u m e ; d o a d f e n n
l e q l
a s p ] r a q l r a u r p a ) r e u
s e l u d r l l r ^
' s u a l r
n u e u r e q l J o s l a p o u l r l s e l d r o
s n u a u a r n p r d r a q l r a { e ; d s r p { 1 1 n r d { 1 s l u e r n e l s a u
' s r o ^ e L r
M a u s a L l s r l e r
+ e q t
a t e l e d 6 u t b u e q : B s p e g e r u e d e ; u t s u r q q o U
u r ) s e g p u B
' ( u a 1 : r q 1
p a r r l , { 1 r n 1 u a 1 )
3 g ;
' s , p 1 e u o 6 r y 1
s e q l n s s u r p q l
J o
s s a r l n s 6 u r u ; a q m r a n o a q I ' s a u r s r n l
u b r e r o , r p e a r d s a p r m
l s o u
a q l d e u e t p l , l p u e
' u p a r o )
' a s a u r q l
r e l n d o d o r o u a u o l e q e ^ e q ( > g
1 , )
1 n o
6 u r u r p p u e
( . . 1
q
L 4
- 1 ) p o o +
t n o - a ) e l
' u e d e ; ' u r
u m o r b s e q u e u o M 6 u r > l r o m ; o r a q u r n u a q l
s y e r n d u a l p u e
' r 1 e { r 1 n s ' r q s n s
0 1 ^ o t r s r o ' r g a q b e d s
' u e ) l r r l l
p a u J r u o r + a b u e r a u o q
l e
p a ) o o l r a d d n 5
n P p r l l e a
a p e L u { 1 q s a r ; a r e q l r q M ' d F ; K r o ' s a q r u n l p a x o q L l r n s
I l a s
o s l e s d o q 5 q 1 o 1 : a r e n b s e u r p a d d e r n n r a u r p l u o l
r e ; n b u e p a r a l q e s n o r e u r
) r o m
0 1 q l u n l r a q t r e ) e t r
a ; d o a d a L u o 5
' ( e r n d i u a l
s e q l n s q s r p u r e u e p u p
' p p l e s
u a a r b
' a r r r ' d n o s )
, { e p a q l
J o
n u a u
1 a s
l e r r a d s
a q 1 r o
' ( a r n e s
f u r n r l o [ e s
' 1 a p n r
r y o d
e ) d o 1 u o b u r q l a u o s
q + l m a l u
' ( t e a q m
r o
t e a q m ) l n q
j o a p e u r
' 6 u r d d r p . r o ;
t o
q l o r q u r
' 1 o q
r o p l o : ) s a l p o o u a ) r l s a q s r p a ; d u r r s s r a r e ;
, r e l n d o d
l s o u
a q l ' p o o q r o q q b r a u a q l u r s l u e r n e l s a r
l l e u r s
l p
r o e u e l e 1 e l { l r s e n r u n r o I u e d u o : a q l
l e l e e
s l u e p n l s p u p s r a ) J o M a s a u e d e ; l s o t u
' q l u n l
r o 1
' s e b e s n e s
l l e t u s
j o
p e l e s u a a r 6 , r o u o r 1 l o d
l l e u r s
p
s d e q r e d p u p
' e e J J o l ' ( p a r r ;
r o p o l r o q - p r e q
.
, i l l e n s n ) 6 6 a u e
' t s B o t
p o r a n n q
J o
F p J ) e a r q
u r a F a M B
a s o o q l s a q l o - L { s u p u e
' ( e r u
a q l u o p a r n o d p u e
' e r n e s
{ o s q l r m p e x r u
' l m o q
e u r p a p e n ) 6 6 e n n e r
' p o e ^
p e s
' d n o s
o s r l u
' a l u - l s e + ) e a r q
l e u o r l r p e r l
a q l r a ; a r d
e u o s a l r L l M a r o + a q l a n a u p q l s p o o J j o
f t a r r e n
r a p r a n e
6 u r l e a a r e a s a u e d e ; ' s a u l u n o l J e q l o
+ o
s a r n l l n l p u e
a l d o a d a q + q l r m u o r p e r a l u r 6 u r s e a r : u r o l q u e q l
e l e f
a s a u e d e l o q
l e q t n
: t l o N
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,rr"{r,
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h 2 a 7
iltr
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Crammar and Practi ce Acti vi ti es
32. Expressi ng
: &*s66
Exp
a)
v r /
erience: The ta-Form of Verbs *
gZ.t
The following construction is used to express past experiences, with a
meaning of to have
(done something) beforte, to have
{done
something) once
'
or literally, to have the experience of having
(done something).
t a-f orm of a verb + : - t hrf r>6(-t hrbt J *f )
L)
ra
I)
t 4
ti446.\t - t hrb U *t ht"
Have you ever eaten Thai
food?
t l r \ .
Yes, I have.
f
\ L\ 2.
bL) * t l v"
No, I haven' t.
6b Ue-
L)
J| t'*+ E&
t-t=
z t lt:jb
L)
*t .
My
father
has cooked, too.
(Iit', My
father
also has the experience of
havi ng cooked.)
HAYASHT: Have yori,ever been (Iit., gone) Io the dining hall at Tokyu Department Store?
sRowN: No, I haven' t yet.
' HavasHr:
Then, shal l we go there together someti me
(l i t., nexf
time)? eRowN: You haven't gone yet, either? HAYASHI: No'
(lit., Yes
lthat's
rightl')
KAWAMURA: Do you know ofthe restaulant Kyushu? YAMAGUCHI: Yes. I've read
(about it) in
the newspaper. KAWAMURA: Haven't you been
(Iit., gone) there? YAMAGUCHI: No
(lit.,
yes),
I haven' t.
I & i n t hi s const ruct i on i s a
:i:,?:l 1l:
(-' Gramnar 26'
-rr*f#[fl;':l?';
=
tr
+
I
A
368
' s a l u a l u a s
a ^ r l e b a u u r p a s n
s l q E - ' a a n a u o s u e a w
r 1 1 n r r f l 1 g - ' ( a t n l o t a d w a l l
, r r r E r o r n
r a . s e
s a w t l
6 u r u e e u l J a l u n o l e s t
E i l
v 9
r P u r r u P r D p u P ^ r E
( l e c i l e r u r u e r ? u n )
' . t o p t a l s a i
1 1
p a q c p ^ t a ^ o q
I
( p c r l e r u r u e r 8 u n ) '
9 f f . 1 q ?
=
= J H
? ? 4 1 E
t f r
Q a z
s l q + q l l ^
l s e d ] u o r o r
a q ] S u T l e c l p u r s p r o n
" r .
t o . , , r J r o l l i
' p [
] o u
' o N - i > [ o o q
s ! q ] p D a r J a ^ a n o t r a .
" 9
& #
( t
E l ?
=
? . 1 r y
w * * : /
F ' Z
\ 1 \ 1
- '
r ?
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g
s U 7
?
? . J I
w * *
& * '
( ' u r s r y i a q o e n t e u a ^ D q
I ' s r l e r { } )
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s e l p o o u
l u D l s u !
u e J D a
J , u a A
' n l + F
( t
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:
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{
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p I
1 o u
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a
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J O U
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'
i p o a {
u D c t x a w u a l o e , a n J n o t r a
. \ q . a
+
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r r l v g ? + {
[ * . r . . ,
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g
d -
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' .
?
^ / t l
?
( l a S o n ? u n l u ? y a t o l a S u r , t p n q s
l o
a c u a r t e d x a a
p o q n o l o r D q ' . u o u o l d n
' ' 1 1 1 ; | r
p S o n 8 u o l u 8 y e t o { D p a t p r y s r c , r . e n o . [ . a
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E
( t Q s Q ?
= = 1 1
V t W
" Y =
t r { ,
( t l } X g )
r l ) F '
e
f
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"
g 4
f t 4 s A 7
=
= 1 c g = t
U ? < 4 I C = t r y
:
o 3 o s t a a . f "
'
- l
[ r H :
u o r ] 3 r
s l q l q l T ^ p a s n d p o r u u r o s o J B
l e q ]
s q J a ^ p
I E J a ^ o s
o J e o J o l
' r q s n s
s n o n r [ a p q J n s u a ] D a J a L a u a A o q
I
' \
1
f / . s g
?
:
: l l g F l ' l
4 1 1 ' l \ 1 9 l l l f / 1 / :
s r u r o g a l r l e S o u o q l S u r s n . d q a c u a r r e d x a
J o { r p l
e s s e r d x e u e 3 n o
.
' o 8 e
s r e a f o o J r { } s e ^
} r
: o J o J o q
} o l p
e u o u o a q e ^ e q
s r q u r a r u r + o r u o s
+ e
p e q r e l e e d s e q 1 e c u a r r o d x o u E s B
l o r p
o q l s a (
( e c u a r r e d x e ) e r u e l u a s p u o r e s e q ;
' o 8 e
s r e a , { e a r q l
} o r p
E u o s B A t
J -
l s e d
e s e d l d u r r s
+ o r p
s 3 r o { E a d s a q l s a q r r r s o p ( } s e d e l d u r r s ) e c u e l u e s
1 s
' o 3 o
s n a , f a a r q l p l p o u o s D l t t
]
' 1 6 . 8
h q s c l ? = = J 1 . i
r " -
) . . 4 = r y E H =
. r / a
x , t
. . { / "
: r
y " 4 = l z E H =
' a s u a l
l s e d
a l d r u r s o q l p u u o r ] J n J l s u o l s r q l u o e ^
] a q
e J U o J a J J l p o q l
. 6 u r u e a u
a q l
6 u r b u e q r
l n o q l r m ' p a d d o r p
, r , , r , r X t l ; ; ; i t ; t l l ;
I
' q r n s
s e s a l e b n f u o :
p u e a n r p a l p e u e s t ' g
E
. j i l ; 3 , ' # i l : i l ' , ' i i : u
7 9 7 4 C 7 " r - f f i
t ) Zr a
H H
1{1:
tczthSF>
tJ
*fi t"
(Have you everbeento Tokyo?)
Make a question using the ta-form of the verb + Z t hrf> 6, and answet
the question according to your own experience.
dr t a
t{$!Jl
bEiEf{,
-+
-*;iE,ztr
lv fi - t hr F> U * f z1r.
- f t f
\ .
bL) * t "
( or
L\ [ \ , Z. F>L) * . 8l v" )
U r . )
L)
r. )t'+ tgtt
6
z. EArI T(
3. 1)v7 &t 6
h/vh\<
4. EA' ) E*AFd<
5. f 3t *ac^6
il!?a
6. bA
(money)
&tit?- Uose)
rt\tJ
7.
7 s 7 4
E 7 ' {
-
17 c tc - t hlf>
L)
*t /v
"
(I've
never been there.)
Make dialogues as shown in the example, using the ta'form of the verb
+ Z t hrf>6. Choose a negative or positive answer depending on the
second phrase provided.
l i ri l .l
((A,,j i 6aC^6)
t-Etl -
-(tu,Si 66ftd/
ztrtrt>
tJ
*fr:"
-[ \
L\2,
-p6ft"t,/c
z t hrf>
I)
*.t lv
"
r,. GtA V 7 F - 2,:.l i 1)
(=
E)
A trlv E
2.
G- 7Agf L' )
( {EJH6)
^r Er ) I
3.
(E>7#at uf f i ' f
6)
(*t r)
zl \ rJ : r1
4.
(\ c)vt \ -ra
E*. EaR 6)
(t +Ht )
60) ' r ' rl ,\
5.
(
E 6o)C
<+h
&-e-))
(:
E { 6
t,
t)
2h\ t
E.
(a>
t =-9 t f f i i )
(-t r)
* 6 f i 6 FZ E
7.
(tr1
E 3tul :A) )
(=+Ht
r:-E)
fit e
8.
( F>aJ- l t
r i j R{)
( - H6)
*6
r08 ,n a
e.
(. 0)mt : grrF+6) (-86)
* z
ro.
(,
-
-
F v 7At 6)
(E+El i )
(::;h>,
K
ffi
eview Grammar 9
*: 13*. ' 2 f ort he
of - El .
v g
l e u u e r c p u P f r
' s n o I O I I p
. { 1 1 e e r s , 1 i
' s a
: N I H D
l e u 8 e s e l
J r o q } u a } e o r e l a n o d
I E L F
s I : N I o u s
' 1 1 o d e 5 1
o 1 o B s , { e , r , r i e
1
: l u n c
i } u e J n e } s o r
q r T q 6 : N m o u s
' a ^ E q
I
i + u e J n p l s o r
u B r l e l l u o l u a o q r a ^ a n o , { e n e g : N r r , t o u a
' 3 u r 1 1 e 1
a r e u l q 3
' s t r \ l
p u e r r ,
" \ c /
4 - > = l
c
Q 1
\ 1 s + " r g - F -
E h I s Q 7
=
= l c
* I & E J
J i (
\
> c
( r
Q t ( t
" \ q = J
a E v
g
? E l '
( g
- F .
+ h Q s c l 7
:
: / c
l r v E l
C 0 # .
f i ( .
E 1
r l f / + e O Q r ( r
' \ q = J 1 S v g ? E l
" r q f
F h Q s A ? : ? c ! , \ , E I C r f f i f , * J
- - l f / + t
( t
Q t ( t
" \ q = l . a
F v g ? E l
' \ g - p . F
h V s A ? = = J r - L r \ / l l O E I f : * Y +
: l f i + 8
( r
Q t
( t
" \ q = J 1 X v g ? E l
' \ g " 6 -
F h g s a T : : / c l l v f { c 0 f f i . k ! ( < t
: t f i + ' 1 t '
( t
Q x
( t
" \ q = l
a + v g ? E l
" r q 4 : F
f i I s 4 ?
=
= l c L r t
< 1
- t ,
Y 4
.
< L
(
- - r r 1
s u o q s a n b s s a q ] r a ^ s
' 4 J - t 1 ' l
\ 1 . c t q ) ? " Z Z
" 4 E E ( r 9
s 9 ? : : l v g ?
+ = - { * 1 A = Z E " \ g - F - }
Q Z
' E E
" . 6 L *
B ! l r ,
I
f i # 4 t
g
c \ 1
" \ q E > <
1 i Y 4 ( 0 7
' T + F
( t 9
' Z Z
' ( q - F - +
h Q s c l ] 2 = 1 c \ l * 1 1 - l Y 4
.
1 / - f i 6 ) .
" 4 F t 1 ) ' l
# s Q U ? 4 . 4 7 A ? z
( i l u D J n D l s a l u o r [ D l l u D o J u (
n o t r a r o g ) ' \ g *
h 9 s c / 7
= = l
c L t \ /
< 1
j
Y 4
.
1 L f i 4
y i
. O
I
r u o o J J o q J o s r q p a u E o l s
' 9
I o o q c s
] E o
e p o ^ I o f , o r
' 9
a l u o q
l E
z l r e d e p B r {
' t
T q s n s
r
q c u a r d p o
u e d e { o 1
L u o o r D u D a p o t
9 & V i l g + 4 E
a a Z c \
a A t a c a r 0 1
7 X E & g
, { \ n d o o ^ D q o 1
2 + & -
y
1 - \ l
: s u o l s s a r d x S
7
' s e c u a r r a d x a
3 u r v r o 1 1 o ; a q l p e r { s e q o q s r o a q
J r
p u a r
( l n t n d u r a q u a l D a r e A e n o t r e r o g )
" i g _ F -
E 0 9 5 4 ? :
r / V g ? q
7 t 7 4 t 7 4 - r c .
I )
r )
L)
2)
E A *+
I4AfrT1*h:" (Are you o connoisseur of
lapanese
cuisine?)
Answer these questions by choosing a or b.
r. F>ttt=ll. E^v 7 t ) 2
^.17
c f= z t hr F> U * f ir.
a. l t Lt . F>I ) *. t " b. [ \ f
\ 2,
bL) * . t t u"
2. <l v^\ 66Q{, / c zt hrE>
t J
*f i t .
a. f *Lr . F>L) *t . b. L\ [ \ , Z. F>L) *. t / v"
+frC,
/BA,
and 9H.
a
i ncreasi ngl y common w(
for bteakfast. lunch. and
dinner; often used at res
rants and hotels.
v g
r e u u e r g p u e ^ r e l n q E
' ^ r o u
] q 8 r r
o u o d n q o 1 o I I I p , I
; [ 1 1 e e g
: v u n r w m v )
' A \ o u {
' , { l r s r e , r r u n
a q }
J o
l u o q
u r o r o } $ l o o q o r l }
l e
s o T J e u o l l e l p p o o 8 o r e o r o q l : y c r H c v l ^ r . { r e u o r
a s a u e d e { p o o 8 e
} u e ^ \ I
' ' a o s
a u r
} o T
: ! r y n h l v M v )
i m o u l s o u r l u e m
n o d o p
} e q 6
: v o I H
' e t - F } r r 7 r 1 F r , . )
- F - ' , q
+ r r E * u
i
1 y 6
q
" l j r : ; # f f i v : : : ; - .
p u E
' r
, l
7 *
' 9
s l / a E l
' r
1
" l
F l
: a r r s s f i e
9 s F = l -
S u r s s s r d x g
i s s B I O
r q 3 1 r
e q + u 1 n o f e r y : I - t
i s r y q s d o q c
q l p a r l + r e r d e r o r u p a a u n o : t - ?
' s r o 8 r n q r u e q
r o g S u r n e r c
] e q +
o { B q s
} ( u E O } n q
p o o ; e s e u e d e { e l e r c a r d d e u e J n o 1 : 9 - l
' o u r s r n c
e s e u e d e { ; o J n o s s r o u u o l o n J } e a J E n o : o J o u r J o
I
j D J a ^ \ s u e n o f p r p s e r u q d u e r u ^ o H
' J l a s J n o d
a l e r , t n
' n l + F v g ' Z t 1 t 1 ' Q
" = l a > r y + s v g
. ! r 1 r 1 ' Q
" f J - r 1 ?
+
' Z r r r t ' q
" r y + E h 9 * a g l
' Y t 1 t 1 ' Q
1 1 ) ?
" r y + E Z E I
' Z t 1 t 1 ' Q
\ q C
" r y 8 +
f t I
' Z t 1 t 1 ' Q
' 4 * v g ' t 1 F l ' E
" r ? f
E v H ? f f i t * 9 E E f f s
( r
Q t ( t
= ] 1 q
. + , l E : , g . r 1 E l . E
" $ = / 1 + v g ? f f i
f , * V E E d , H
( t
Q t ( r a ( D ?
" E ' > e t i ' t 1 F l
' e
" t 7 j . ' . : - . ? t i ' r f l E 1
t * V E
. t
( r Q t ( t
' 4 J - + r " 4 ' t 1 E l ' B
' r ?
4 J - E = s l s V
a 2 * l & # l i * V
E
1 1 ) ? > C
( t Q : ( t
. n / + X
( 1 e
. ! r 1 r 1 ' e
" & B ( r 9
' t 1 F l ' e
' ! q 4
E f t I s U ?
=
= t c
+ I & + J + * r , V E
" a * F Q w * =
' z r 1 r 1 ' Q ' - o F C A g g ' r 1 F l ' E
' t ? . 6 . E Q H !
" \ q - E =
{ A E E V E
E B z F l l
' t l F l ' E
" \ c /
+ + Z 4 I r l + T s q :
( s l r r t s d o l l r )
. | E l
\ t l c
U r * a
o
+ _ + n g
. r 1 E I , e
' r f l f
* f t 9 s V 7 : : / v g ? a
m
, ft'fr.r*+
Jv >d /va'=-fr'E?.-tn.
?7t >
: ?) T1 t r "
z\ - Zi -
'
l vE>l r i i f r : u* . t ' * . ) ht .
t f r
: 4)v >t t ' df i aF, Uhrz(t \ *t r).
) " r >: 86. &( * r z) r U* t / 1) " T6. f
\ ?6f
LACd f chr zT
r \ * 3- I .
l , \ ? l - l t ,
4l
: ?)Ti -h\ " Dr6.
": {t =t
LFsrt l E* L. t
A^,i&fl#
ffiesraedrarpfs
F=TT J;: ::: il::T::;i:,T'',
"
^d res'|a u ra n'fs bv a d d i n
s
t
l.
-,
U t.=.
?(t'-' ?ft'tr=
rp
- - / - 2- +=- / 2t r =
'+'+'$itb
--u
4gl4iEFe
sushi restaurant
soba restaurant
,::;::::::::,,
33.L In
]apanese,
there is no single verb meaning to want as in I want a
new car.Instead you must choose between two constructi ons, dependi ng
on who is doing the wanting.
X want (s)Y
Construction
(a)
is used when expressing one's own desire or when directly
asking another person about his or her desire. lt L t
\
is an i-adjective and
conjugates as such.
HAvASHT: Tomorrow is Ms. Gibson's birthday, isn't it? snowN: That's right. what shall we
give her for a birthday gift? (lit., As
for
a birthday gift, what shall we decide on?)
HAYASHI: What does she want?
(Iit., Whot is Ms. Gibson wantingT) BRowN: Hmm, I don't
reqlly know But she wants
(lit., is always wanting) to eat sushi. HAYASHI: Is that right?
Wel l t hen. l et s go t o a sushi rest auranL t oget her.
374
\ a )
( b)
xt l
x { t
+
+
Y7l S
Y A
+
+
f * Lr \
i.tU,T6
=
tr
J-
1-
+
I
E
r l
s L E
f l
+ l
r l
= l
I
v 9
r e u u E r D p u e r t e l n q e r o l
: : :
: t f f : ; * J
" , r y f i ; u : f f f i f i f i f l 1 l ' , f f i
9 s 9 t
' u o r l s a n b
P 0 1 r a M s u P a q 1
s t e l u e l u e s e ^ l l P o a u 3 u 1 u e u l
'
, { 1 1 e r : a d s e ' B ; q t , ^ p r r r l O . ,
u a u o . s l
. r q
a p l ] J e d a q l
' , T , ' . 1 ' f f i i : T ; # l V
' J D J
M a u o s l u D . N r a J Y u A T t g
" 9 r 1 )
c s e l E l &
E
r 1 . l
! * F l
. , i l i ^ n u 3 i 1 , , i "
' r
t ' 1 E l . r ? x f
, r 1 1
\ # E l 1 = 1 4
.
Z s p l g ;
S u i s n o s o q l u T
?
, { + l ^ p u e
r 1
, l
9 1
e l e c r p a r d
o q 1 3 u 1 s n s a o u a l u a s u r
. t U
q l p v \ p a T J E r u s r a r l s o p g o
l c a t q o
o q ]
] e q }
a J I l o N
' q c n u
, h a t , t a u o u t
J v D , 4 l J , u s e o p
J a l s r c n ? u n o l I 7 4
' \
1 V 9 . r g l ] E l ? 9 9 t
( r
8 . 4 E l Y 4
V \ q ? e q \ 1
' s l o o q
a r o t n s l u o l t ^ y q s o , t o g
' t 1 7 1 1
" - p -
S
t 1 )
c
s 4 1 E l & * 7
c c +
F l l l ? 9 +
' o J r s a p
r u r a l r e 8 u o l e s e s s o r d x a
( 2 5 ( t 1 E f
)
r u r o J
l s e d u o u
a q ] s e o J o q ^
' a r r s e p
] u a l J n c
e S u r s s a r d x a u o q n
p a s n s I ( 9 r l )
c s $ ] E l )
9 t t
+
9 S V A E I J o
u l r o J - a l a I I J
' q r a ^
I
s s B I S E s I
9 S t l 1 E l
' a r r s o p
s , u o s r e d p r r q + e S u r s s n e s r p u o q ^ p a s n s r ( q ) u o q c n r l s u o J
' / A O U
A A J J O )
l u D h r l , u o p I
' r y + F h g ) - t E t F t - a - t r ' 9
+ \ l
' D J a u r D J
p o o B n p e t u D / A
I
" = / c t U l H s A C
t '
t r 1 1 r 1
. J D J
. 4 / I A U D
] U D , M I
' 4 } t 1 ' l E l . r q
H t 1 ' l { # f l a } J c l
F 9 > - q = J E
(a) xl *
(b) xt l i w'u
I :ilj::Iil:Hil:i;l:
I
i1].
33.2 Similar to the lJt-t\,/ ltt-firA
pair is the pair of patterns used to
express fo want to
(do
something), as in I want to eat sushi'
As wi th l * L t\ and l * Urtr6,
(a) i s used when the speaker expresses a
desire or asks about the hearer's desire.
(b)
is used to describe a third
person's desire. The ending
-/cIl
is an i-adjective and conjugates as
such, whereas
-ttl 6
i s a Cl ass 1 verb.
In sentences using
-/cIt,
the direct object of the verb can be marked
with either iJ or . Howevet, in sentences using
-tzht6,
the direct object
is marked oniy with ,
A_2' )V 1..7)rp.\/cLr"
=- r ) VFRr t r , r .
I want to eat yogurt.
f f i At ul *=
- 2"t V
1"t r Qni t i l : ( [ \ 6"
Mr. Hayashi wants to eat yogurt.
Here are some more examples.
z7_+rrc,\tf
\.
I want to eat steak.
t>fcl,lt4B1 ;"t*tul*A^,/c
(
b
I)
*.t lv
"
I don't want to eat rice this morning.
b t,f:
EEE8. ^l r 3l ct \ ( f r , ' "
Where do you want to go tomorcow?
*r /c L l* *i E hrfif,Z* f= h; c f=
"
I wanted to drink sake.
The
-/c
I
t
form is often used to ask for permission. For instance
-a=? Y =-g ai#lrrcr
\o)Tf
z)r, ...
I want to use this computer, but.. '(is it OK?)
l * t \
+ l:
t)
fclt/vTtrr. X6 LL\t' f ,r.
I would like to go inside, but is that all right?
Li ke the contrast between l *l -ht6 and l t Uhr=
(f \6
di scussed on the
previ ous page, the te-form of t=hr6
+ tt6(/cfr:
(Lt6)
expresses a
current desire, whereas the nonpast expresses a longer-term or
habitual desire.
t : r{6 6
i l l t r d/ wl *7 / ' t ) hl =*. f =hsc
(L\ 6.
Mr. Yamaguchi wants to come to the United States.
[ \ z f i \ z
7 > t /vlt#..|:,F
tJ
fzhr u *.t lv
"
Ms. Chin doesn't want to s.o back home.
+
+
+
E -
=
v 9
r e u u e r 9 p u e
(
i n o t r l . u o p ' s n o n L p p
S u r q g u t o s
l D e
o l
l u D M 1 , . ] { )
. p o o J
t e o
o t o { X p f n o M
I
( p o o B s . 1 o q 1 " t l l ) e a p l p o o 8 e s , 1 e q 1 : r n o u a
; n o , ( 1 . u p 1 n o , ^ , r
@
' a a s
o r u
] a T
: v o r H J V r , {
l o 8
o 1
1 u e . t r
n o , { o p e r a q r l 4 '
j f e p J n ] e s u o a J o r l m a r r r o s o B e , t r
1 1 e q g
: v o r H ) v t r
' 8 u q y e 1
o r u u . l a o J g
. s I
I
p u e
p p
E # ?
n /
" t l l
) t l v - . |
- v
l a r y ? V *
' s
: r g l Y - " 4 ? 4 1
) - @
> t i \ , - 6 < + Y
- 9
' v
9 E & T
> ! t w - 4 < + ( < ?
,
9 6 g @ f f i r } e
s g \ 1 Y
> t r _ , '
g v g ? ) ' 1 r ' .
) t l : , < 1 l Y 4
.
L
. S
p o u r l r o p u n o r { + J o J 3 u r , v r . o 1 1 o ; o q } S u p n + I } s q n s
' a n S o p l p
o q }
' ? 4
J - r 1
: / \ , g
? C ,
g
r 1 ' l r 1 . ? r f l
E l
" ? 4 ) r 1 \ l E l l + Z
' E N J - I I : /
* L L * 1 1 1 Y 4 r 1 r 1
' e f
4 ) 2
. r ? f J . r
1
: / * t ! r v
:
? F l l l ? B I f r
" Z Z
" \ q r y + * B ! f \ , ( g : ?
' E
e [ +
. { 2 e f ?
" - p - $ r 1 ) ' 1 # s c 4 ? I 4 1 ( 7 ,
( l e n q n a t u o s o B a u ,
t p q g
' r q g . + F
* ! l r , q g : ?
:
. o
% o r e
E
7 t 7 4 E7 4
-
i l E
a,?
j ffi d/cttTf
"
(Iwantto pl ay.)
Change these sentences as shown in the examples.
U4
t'ftljl
Ei't*/wAC{6
-_>
E'i'ff/vrrA"\,/ IrTf.
c
-
)v &*.*./J I
I
-+
c
-
)vltgkTl /c < a [
\('3-.
) =-7hs{/.,7*fcttT!-"
sf
7. b J. : t {t {,
6d rt t $
z.
4f r F( t E*/ et , t
U LJ 7tr
3. 7 - >^#Af r +E&H)
4. Z-l \ -' \ l : z)r/ l t t
l */ : 6
5.
,fgt
,)A[\
6)
6. FIH 3 lvle)
.i-t\ rJ
7. wFJ,aR 6
8. t E/,UE-Ef
nt uUro)
9. EAEEf r#HI 6
z t a L @< / d i \
10. +E . Ia ffi z L/Jf
\
7 t 7 4 X 7 4
-
J-t >t l vl t T7Vt A\ Vt f ci r:
(t r*f
"
(Ms.
Brown want s t o buy
a stereo.)
Rewrite the sentences you made in 7 ,7 4
C7 4
-
IO starting each
new sentence wi th77 t >A l vl t,
i ' ftf l
7- r>d/,f*Hr' tfAC^/:fr:
(rr*f.
7")t >t l vl *C*)Vt*.7l tchrc <[\*tf /,,.
t 2 T 4 c T 4
-
t ; ^. 113Lf J: (t r*f f i i "
(Where does she want t o go?)
Using the information in the pictures, answer these questions.
- t r r t 2
1. t rI E d/ vl t ++oE, t ; ^' 68r; rr: (Lt *f
f t .
-, rt / Jt :
2.
+&..' fi 1trQr,/ci l ?
(
L\
gf
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Vocabul ary and Oral Acti vi ti es
Flavors and Tastes
Vocabul ar y: Fl avor s, Tast es, and Seasoni ngs
Flavors and Tastes
ut
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flavor; taste
to taste good
to have no taste
to taste a sample
tasty; delicious
not tasty; tastes bad
sweet
bitter
spicy; hot
(spicy);
saity
salty
sour
astringent
seasoning
salt
sugar
pepper
soy sauce
miso
ffermented
soybean paste)
vinegar
a prepated szuce somewhat
like steak sauce
c . )
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Grammar
and
34, Expressi ng
Practice
Activities
t i 6
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f f i oi nghi ki ngt omorrow?. cr. uN: Yes, I t hi nkI cango' Howabout
you? cunrrs: I hu,\r"
"
pi-tirie
iob
tomorrow'
Also' I think it will rain
{tomorrowJ'
cuIN: Do you think so?
Ms. Brown and Ms. Machida are looking at a photograph'
snowx: Ms' Machida'
do you
know this rnan? *"tt^, Vu', I have sLen him somewhere'
snowN: I thought so' too'
MAcHIDA: That's rightl I
just remembered'
I think that he was at last week's
party'
384
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Look at the illustrations, and answer the following
questions'
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(What do you thi nk?)
Describe the picture below. Using the following
questions
as a guide, invent necessary details' As you describe the
scene, express your own opinions and coniectures'
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This cake is too sweet to eat.
(lit', Tftis cake is too sweet, so I can't
eat i t.)
$t uf : L\ bf . I '
; d)F"5Et* fa t:t*L'f ht I't 6.
This question is too difficult
for
me'
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FilI in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the.words listed here.
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(
) f a-* Lt .
r. {lti5 *.c Lt;jEA
(
) f 3' *f.
,,
4. F>o?4 Yl tb t.c L
(
) f *' (. HL*ttu"
l \ i ^ \ 5
5.
6. bav 7F7>af i v - l t (
) T6"
.z[\ ,J l ) h\tu
7. 6o'ahtial*+E*F"iT. b x= t
(
) f3'6.
7 t 7
- t
C7 4
-
{r' f i l
t-<F>L)*tl v"
1tE tf Egt"
(It' s not di ffi cul t.It' s too easy.)
What do you say in these situations? Answer using
-f
3'6"
t' l t|J]
when a cake i s too sweet
-;
ZD)i -+ftHf 3.*f.
1. when an exam is very difficult
2. when there are many difficult kanji in a reading passage
3. when someone i s worki ng t oo much
4. when the room i s too col d
5, when someone is playing music too loudly
6. wlren an exam is verY easY
7. when a sweater is too big for
You
:
tr
A
-J-
I
n
v
+
V
+
g 9 . r P r x r u P r D p u e / f u e l n q e :
t o o l \ , \ s i o - t
o - i l t r l e s l
t I
{ u r r l } I
, u r r r H
: r H S v v H j T r
n o d o p
] E q M
: N o s s r c ( i l l
l , u s l ' y a u t s
p o o 8 D s . T
' u r L a r y
" l I I ) p o o 8 s i l o t u s
] r
' r u r u t r
l
: r H S v ,
' a u r
r o J s l q l a l s e l o s e a l d : N o s s r c
' u o q s l D l
e q l u 1 3 u p 1 p 1 o r e u o s q r c
' s t r
l
p u e
l q s u f e g '
p o s o t c ( s ) I D p
e * I /
t t s l p p a p u a w t r r o r a r
" - ' c n
+ + , c + /
a c u d g
( ' s a n u r r y o 3 )
< { - +
t
- _ ! 7 H " i _ : 1
, J - 4
I
*
:
- l
Y - t L
< -
y 4
- . i r - \ /
< t r < +
{ + f i 1 +
Y 4 + L
- . L - = Z -
. Y
' - P . $ t 1 ' f t
? ? . J < 4 - l Y 4
r 1 1 r 1 S
' )
> F .
' t 4 & L 1 1 l Y 4 ? / r y ? H
f a . f l
-
l t l
' - p -
S
r 1 E ?
' ' '
o s f l
' o l q e ]
o q + o 1 S u r p r o r r e s u o r l s a n b 8 u r , r , r o 1 1 o g a q ] J a n s I
Q p o o B
4 u y q 1
n o i o p
t u D r n D F
a r q r r q t M )
. r f l
_ F _
E
r 1 E ?
r 1 r 1 . s 0 { 1 I
y
4 A
-
v
I d
v
1 4
r 1 f / . s ( { 6 n 7 3 n 7 . P
a @
g . e f + ? c :
a
9
r t l
' 3 u r , r , r o 1 1 o ;
o q + q l p ^
p e d
p e u r p a p u n a q + S u l l n l p s q n s
' a n S o p r p
o q ] o r l ] r e
' 9
, b
l / Y r r 1 2 1 c + s +
4 @
r l S f c 6 T c x A
r 1 ' ' l r 1 9 q ) ?
v *
< n , c
v *
< n . L
? n / ? :
. 1 <
' - F , F I 1 E
? 9 . P - F . E ?
c
s
A
"
1 - 4
c + . c f
a E
' r f l - F - E r 1 E ?
" e l 4 ) r t 9 ] \ 1 \ 1
' E E
' r 1 P
j /
> ) ' ' l ' H Y d 7
c x
A
' V =
4 P a . e
" . - E F t r ) n
+ E ) Y d E s A U ? 1 n ( t
? : ? \ 1 3
Q > t u f q t
n o . [ o p p q , M )
. r ? - F . F r 1 E

' q q
-
v
1 ?
v
1 4
t r l -
1.
r,5' Dl
lt' fFliiltif
\l,f \Tfil.
trl v&' ) Lt ft
2.
17
=- Jr t*fi I
tE E rr{ art#.
f.fr\ tt
3.
l v+>Ll
t l Et \ ( f r ) . E! \ Tf r r .
4.
l t t u
t ' l t *f at r t f r ( f 7) r . *f [ \ Tf , ) .
/ * l !
5.
ffi >f
7l t*{EJrrfaL\L[\Tt7)).
o.
t l \ -f --
.
24->s t f t i dns6>t )*i ht "
Z r . )
z. Ht t t - FTf
"
Eavz F 7 2rrt \ t \ Tf
7)r.
Z e ) iJ'la
B. rydl *b#rT6*
L)bL)
*t f t u.
EavT 1"777)rt \ t \ Tf rr.
=
E
)1,
+
l 6 8 9
r e u i u e r D p u e / { r P l
' a r o q l
u a o q p e q
(
p l e s o s 1 e u m o r g
' s t \ d ' . { e p r a 1 s e , {
} u o , r , r I
: N r H O
l q 8 i . r
s , 1 e q 1
. . s o
: N o s s r c
l r e e g , { . r 8 u n p
] u e J n e l s a l
a q ] u e o r u n o . , { o g : N t u c
i J a u J o c } e r { } } B } u e J n e } s o r
, t , r . o u e r p o 1 o B n o d p 1 g
j , { u u n J
U
s r
' s o
: v c r H D v r . ^ {
L ( r y e s u n )
o } u o s u o {
l o p n o
3 n 1 d e
I I e 3
n o : } . u n r t v m r r ) o s a r
o l u o s u o { p o l l e c s , } r
' q O
i } a u n o
3 n 1 4 : v o r u c v t ' r
i } o f t n o
s n l d o t r t ] ; : : : o p l r t ; \ }
# : H r ; , " j
u 0 s r
1 t
l u t q l I
} E q A A
: S I J U N D
( ' s a n u 4 u o J )
I X
s [ [ D r
V
" } I I )
' e ^ r s u a d x a u l
s . t l p u E
' p o o 8
s , p o o ; a r i ]
{ u l q } I
: N r H D
d } J
s I
} u e r n e J s a r
' u o g o
o J a r l l o B
1
' s a n
: N r u c
; r [ n g l u e r n e l s a r
a q ] o ] u o o q r o a o n o r { e , t e 1 1
( F r l E )
4 E - ?
+
& x
+ ( f l t
' I [ u e {
u r u o u r r ^ a
} o u
s r c F o A o q }
, a 8 e s n
s l q } q
. p s u
p o l l e s s r a u o o r u o s r o S u r q l e r u o s
] e q l \
d e s o 1 u o r + s n J l s u o c 3 u r , r , r o 1 1 o ;
p a s n s r q r o ^ s r r { J
' p a [ [ D o
a q o ] r o
' t p l
o l
' , t o s
o 1 s u e o u r
e =
q r o ^ o q J
" r = t 1 - " ' . , ; : ' . ) r o u * ' o n * r ' , , ^ " ' " , - . ; i : : : " . ? :
" t a = J
1 E + ! ' w < I t
Y 4 r '
1 # g
y q a
E
' t f l 4 . ) r 1 ' l { l g i ' Z Z
'
e * , , , , r ' 1
u . Y ? ' ; , " r { = - { r '
n : : i
:
: " 2 : 2 Y z
< 1
< A . ( -
1 +
< A ( .
E I E
1 Y L
E I S
l Y L
' r g 1 6 .
J - " ? F l P f i n o
6 r y a " r y + 8 e +
O 6 t l ? " "
: q : o a d g 8 u q * r - i f t
. s a s e r q d
p o u r l r o p u n e q l r o J
9 Z
_ y
1 A
m o l q e ] o q l r u o { u o r } E r r r J o J u r S u r l n l q s q n s
' e n 8 o p 1 p
e q l
' - P - $ t 1 ' f f ? ? J < 1 j Y 4 r 1 ' l
r 1 9
' )
> 4
9 S
. - , 4 c \
" t Q E J l
l l Y 4 Y r y ?
' T f
F P ! ' > :
" Z Z
Q f [ n n
J u o r n D $ a r
a q l o 1 u a a q r c , t a n o , 4 ,
. r ? f *
( t e s T ? = = J C L | \ . / < 1 j y 4
1 1 ?
f a y l
: . e D .
) .
I
J -
y =
- =
v -
Y
Y
-
y
! 2
y
- L
E a^f *; ' x &14 t L\ r\ *f 7r\ .
What do
lapanese
call this?
Ha^l * - l t . &f ; . &
( , \ [ \ *f "
lapanese
call this tako
(octopus).
when the topic
(At*)
is omitted
(when A is unknown or understood from
context), X is usually marked with the topic marker l* instead of .
; f , I , 1*t \ r ) & f
\ [ \ *f .
This is called ika
(cuttlefish).
36.2 Use the same verb to make a noun phrase meaning X called
(or
named) Y.
Y +
&. t \ i
+ x
) e 2
'
f i V L 7 t t \ l + E
a student named lohn Kawamura
& ) E e )
F F ^+er \ ) t +
a university called the University of Tokyo
L* i a l r/v
c t R&r \ ) Rl *t ; l =F>I ) *f z) r .
Where is the prefecture Shimane?
tJh
I.)
e)
L)
.tr{*{4& r\ )
,F+ rE-c'f ,).
What is this dish called?
(lit.,
As
for
this, it is a dish called wh(tt)?
t n
col l oqural speech,
l , . A r r 7 i t . r r r *d- )
very often changes to . . .:
(
1, r 7
( 1, r 1, r Sf ) ,
as i n
- f i , | * l r f r :
( t \ * f
.
l: :i?tffit"T; ,,.0
',:','.'J,'lX[
*?+ l*, .
392
6
8 9
r P r u u r e r D p u e A l e l n q e l o n
' s n o u r D t
u a a q p D q r a q + o { s l q
l o q l
p r D a q
I
" = J 1 E
g L H J
?
= J C ? . J Z { E \ U
? 6 * A V I A
t ) * d e ?
' r n a d s
o l
4 5 E
p u p
' > [ s D
o t ' t o e q o 1
> L r r J ' a : L r l $
o t g v g
' . t a a u o c
o ]
Z Z n J
, y i 1
o 7 ' , , { o s
, ?

+
a r e s u o r l r n r l s u o r e s o q l u r p o s n , r " f r o , q r " . o , . o r t " r r # L r u o o a r r r o s
' J a a , M S
a t o s a y d d o a s o q y ( S u r i o s s I
' ' ] { )
s , , f . o s u , u o t g
. s 1 4
" - F . * r 1 ) c E F l n / R
< 4 1 . ( ? r 1 H E l . 3 I
h A Z
A E
' e r a q l
o d
I , u p l p
a q
p q l
p t D S s r u n J
' r w
= 1 . c
= H r y ? Y
y
1
_
t ( 7 = - t c
Q v f l L L = t ? Z
' N t o J J o t a o l
a u l o ?
[ F t \ , \
a q p I D S D J \ U I I W
' J t r N
' : / ' t
S r 1 E 7 9 Y E V a H
n / ? t * 7
' o s E J
s I ! { } u T
? J o
} u o q
u r p o s n a q u e r e l n d o r a r { } r o
' e . r . r 1 c a [ p e ' q r o l
e
J o
r u J o J u r e l d a q ] . , ( p o p u e
' p e s n
e l e s l J e u r u o r l e l o n b o 5 1
' o J n l J n J l s
3 u r , , r r r o 1 1 o g o r { } a { e } s u o r l e l o n b
} c e J r p u l
, ,
j l v r o J J o u o J S u y u t o c n o t r a t y , ,
' o L U
p a 4 s D D p o Y D J
, J W
' r l , 1
X B F J ) 1 = t q ?
i ' r g f
F $ f f i
)
' f l r y
?
H . H .
, ' t r p o a
d n p B
a s D a [ d , ,
' p r a s
r q c n S o L a D
' r W
" r l , - l
F \ 1 = F l n l ? t r r f t
?
t . \ 1
? i l > ) B e + > A ,
\ 1
9 ) E + s J
+ f l l
' s a l e r r p e r d
J o
s r u J o J u r e l d r o e l q o d J o q l l a a s n u e r n o . { o s
' u e l o d s
s B , ^ a
1 r
s e s r s { J e r r u o r l e l o n b o q t u i q } l ^ { p o u r B } u o c u o r } B r u J o J u r e r { J
' s { r e r u
u o r l e l o n b o 1 l u a 1 e , r r n b a e r e
, ( l
c r ? . p r f r )
I T / l E f . g t 4
p a l l e r
' f
J
( q J o A u o r l e c r u n u r u r o 3 J o q l o o l u o s r o )
C .
E J
, f
I
a - . , . . ^ , . ^ . ^ , , . ^ - - . - - a , . - ^
d r r r + J r r r + b o u r , t a . o { { o } a q i o { e } , , { 1 p n s n s u o p e l o n b
} O o J r p
' a s a u e d e {
u 1
' , { r 8 u n q
s E A \ a q
} B r { l
p r B S a H
a l d r u e x a J o d
' s p J o ^
o r ; r c e d s e q l
] o u ' o J u e J o l l n
e e l J o
] u o l u o l
J r s e q e r { } , { e , r u o r o 1 s r
1 c e f q o
e q ] l s p r o n s , e s l o
a u o o u r o s g o S u r s e r q d e r e d e a q , { e r u
' p u e q
J o r { } o a q } u o
' u o r l e l o n b
l l o J r p u l
, , ' d r 8 u n q
r u e
L ,
' p r e s
a H
a l d r u e x e J o d
. $ l J e r u
u o r l e l o n b q l l ^ {
J J o
} e s
o J e s u o p e l o n b p e r r p
' q s r i S u g
u 1
' u a l o d s
e r a , n d a q + s e . { p c e x a
' u p e q r o ^
s p J o l t s . o u o a r u o s ; o S u r l o n b a q l s T u o l l e l o n b
l c e r r g
' u o 4 o 4 o n b
J J a n p u t
p r r e u o q o l o n b p o t r p - s p J o ^
s , o u o e u r o s e l o n b o 1 s d e , r , r . o ^
1
o J B o J a r { J
t . g t
9 r t ) c E
a s n 0 1 r 3 i l a q s t
1 t
' l s ? 0 u o u
s !
e E l o a s u a t a q l p u e
' u o r a d
p l q l a q l u t s t c
= ?
. , , , i i i : l , i ; ; i ; ; H ; f f i
( u o r l e r r u n u u o l
J o
q r a ^ r a q l o r o )
( - F - F t 1 E )
+ ?
+
e l n d o r r o
' a n r p a l p e ' q l a n
j o t u r o + u r e l d e u r 6 u r p u a e s n e l l
7 t 7 4
C 7 4
-
a
q/
x1
g
4 7 o O'
,
'ffi
tE c fz lvTt ht
"
(What did he say?)
++ +:
l i
4 9 / -
hv
L-, f f i mdA. , .
Al t <
l \ 6 / v<T/ | \ '
ffi ft
, zz.' *ftzA,fJcNtt\
= t &i c fctuTt
&"
)i 2
L- ,' ffi tEtfctuTi _ht" I ^ 7 : ' l c J c - E) t L f v
\ 2 t J - o
l cf : V 2(
L\
ww, " @t Ect =/ vTt &"
h t L 7 ?n,c1ot
t\T_f h.
Practice
the dialogue,
substituting
the following
insensitive
comments
for the underlined
phrase' Remember
to change each to the appropriate
quoted form.
1.
fffi
ft a z., ri$f
t4.rh/ctf *a" t
,.
rffi
frtna,
'z-^t't utffifrt\Tf?ul
,.'ffi fr t n
ojG t f= 2 v+
-
t*?f tstt lvx lv fr)
L)
*t lvtr' )
u.
rffi
frt nrZ r
y
2 =2
.
tzzt#ft' Ghe
worst)Tttt" t
u.
tffi
ftaz,ortt-
47
v/ tirr**xt
t#{bXtffiir1r' r$t' /:&' l
7 , 7 4
e 7 4
-
l J r
tfi,itH,,'tXE
fis"
(How do you saY it?)
Answer these
questions.
1. E AEET
breakfast &!ffi t EvtFi-
h'"
z. E AEET
vegetable XTfr t':=
vt*'t lt"
s. zdlgif*Edffit-=r\*rr).
+. F>ar=ffi,,idffi
e
r\ * f z1r.
u.'F*;Er
r'$frir affi t Eut*t
h'"
6. E 6EE('
!fra
n'v *t"'if
eH u
''
* f t'"
z. znh\ b
:w/" ze+d*f
.' fif
eHr,
t
*f zt' .
a. i.' t*i,,fi f*nu*uf="
' ffeSr,.,*f
n' .
f f i cryi ng?MACH1DA: Yes, Mr. Hayas. 1r1Sai dat erri b1et hi ng
(to me). KAWAMURA:
What did he say? MACHIDA:
He said that ihe cake I made tastes bad'
KAwAMURA:
Yes, that's terrible
(what he said)'
E
+
+
E
=
, , , r r ,
r r . l , ? i ' ; l l i
J i i i ' H :
t i r i f r i : r i l F i r y l
; o
m a l s a s a u e d e f e s l
n y ' ) .
g g r e u u e r 9 p u e r 0 e ; n q e : ,
{ ' s a n u q u o J )
u o r l e l o n b
l c a r r p u r
r r o q + o l q s e o u o l u o s u o r l e l o n b
l r a r r p
" ; : i l " $ i i l :
( . I p 1 c r n b
4
o p p . a q s p r c s a q g )
. : y 1
S r l E ? Z
j _ )
t
-
v
1 ?
v
4 4 L
' + ) t *
Y d E I E C T V E E I Q : Q : 1
r
( t
Q Q t 9
' 4 i l 4 f v C r v E
F l n l ) s +
" 4 ) - \ z -
Y A
y ! 4 1 , r y
? < 4 1
( E t
j -
z -
+
r , '
_ z
7 a r y ?
" E J t Y c D r y ? < 4 4 ( E
* Y F = H
' f ) ! F C T V E F I J - t r /
E 9 >
" 4 )
j - { Y 1 4 A a / ? 1 Y
L t (
' Z Z -
' r ? - F -
F
r 1 )
c
i l * e Y
q
s ? r y
g r ,
4
z - C -
< - ' 4 ) - l - { Y 1
? A r y 7 1 Y L E ( f l r y ? < 4 1 C
l t | 4
' e l d u r e x e
a q l S u I m o I I o ;
' a n S o p r p
B a { B l
( i u o l s o g i q r c ' e i S q t w o u 4 n o l o g )
. r f l f
E r 1 ]
c f i & p * a , r l ? < - l
) i l
( z =
Q T )
( _ + f l - r - # l ( r * : ) '
"
, , l f e
( Y
- ' :
I
( + ) ( <
I
Y 4 ) t = Z E ) '
( (
f i 4 )
( H ) ( r + : ) '
; F 9 >
( 4 f
+ )
( f t ) ( : : ) '
a \ q g
9 E
( v
4
v
+ )
( c , - r , * F > )
0 + E ) '
( -
4 L / : n
j
L 1 )
( A g E [ f d )
0 , t E ) '
r y , q
\ t l \ 1 . 2
. f
" + ' > W ? W Q r 1 ? Y ? 4 ( t ( -
a g
' \ q & > W e W t t ? l i l E l l + = -
c r g r y v
< -
( z : 4 ( c o ( w a w ) ( u : )
t t f l
' s a n S o p r p
e l e r u
' a l d r u e x o
e q + 8 u r a , r o 1 1 o
( 1 o s o 1 o o 1 p a l o c
l o o q
a q l E ? 1 )
. - p - l $
r 1 ? t Z =
e \
' a u r u a u u . r n s
a q t u r t a l n d o d
l u u p l l i l r r
p a l u a u , a J
' l a a M s
e s t ' ( o t r d 1 n 3 s e e l u a u r v
u r p ; o s ) s r d l e 3 r o
' y f , 4 (
q
-
v
+ ?
v
1 4 L
I T
[,Ft1]
htttt*' <A/
tr 2rrlTETf.t
&El,r*
tuf=.
-+
T I \
h\nl*? a / tr > hrt+ I f:8 E I
t
* t, /c.
*6 / a"
r \
r. mi n EA,I*
|
v7 F 7 2
^.17e.
*l't:." t tE c f="
r E o ) : < : t j L
L \
z. 7 2 E l vl l ttf=l - l :'
-
+ a-;ga+yz(
L
\
* f . t t E I
t
* L, / .
r 3 -
t . hU L. t t ul *'
rt >r\ -l i -rr{73Tf ht "J LFqI E* Lt .
s. zveov7l - t - l *
f zr T
4l t t T$HL\ <. . f
l " l &#. : <
t \ * f "
L \
s. ttd'4.,{t
rtEEErrFf;tf
*t/""J tE=fc-"
f * [ \ l ' t s t r
ui l l l ' \
6. i l Jt r3A, l *
' h' i i
*Teu*
uf c. ") t Ef
t *
l , / c"
t*t t f
t-/v.\:/v
z. rufi a n w' *frraaffi tuTt\*ttu.1
8=[\*t-,f=.
s. h- 74
' . a. / ! l *t K: wnae^* t - , f zht . l SFdLr t "
r l i ? r \ t k ) 6
s. FJv >t t uI * '
=+E
l * t . EE ETf . L &EL\ H L, / c.
r b b !
r o. ) ) t >t l vl t ' f f i o E7) u+3( . f *6
t )
*. t / v"l t [ \ ?6E: (
L\ * f .
7 r 7 4
e i 4
-
@) br \ D/ u
AZ Xi -.f 2I E =- L* I' f="
(I
i nterui ewed
famous
peopl e!)
Using the model as an example, tell who made each statement. choose
from the famous people iisted here.
77>. z\ / t , f Z. ani ) v'
+r >9- 7'
) r U7' 7\ ' 4 ) VF"
+ J ? .
U- , 2 - = - . t V 4 ,
f T
i,ffll
'
7tr- l-.triTf Tf
"
r
-+
i 2 zf ' )v
.
, v >hrl r- Fhr{+s/ : ' at l r*
ut "
f uea u l t l v
r.
'
'f:[
WA;6 bookbook)
&fc( d,tu83* L/:.1
z.
f
r n 2t 7T=- t - El Ec( L\ * f . ,
f ht : t - 2<
3. ' f A
o) ( Fcf =i - *I l . t ; f
\ LL\ Tf f , " I
f
)t>t=l'
4. ' a, t uf J. hr
t L a94
t v
F& L<[ \ *f "
')
t*."ii"zts
t i u
{Ad)*
tuf= (began)"
J
What do you think the following people said?
) =- ) ' 7' v2 =, 2++* ) V' t -
- ) V'
v
l s7t .
=
tr
)L
+
4 f n -
+
+
' t l
E
L 6 t
( ' s a n u 4 u o 3 )
' & w " } - Y *
{ t { . g z . r * v f . , * 4 {
a '
{ &
{ * : 1 Y
*
& 3 , .
t
A , $
& : 4
*
& Y t {
& 3 l f q 1
1 & * ' t & & 4 ,
"
e W & ' * : {
" 4 W ' 7 & * *
" : t K
* . / { '
i ? q * w z , 1 w : r & & *
" { , '
{ t
t l z " * W & & * * Z t & & & 4 ,
' & & l
t W 4 & . 1 - t *
i S " { t & t
, & d *
" 8 * s W & W
'
x z L
*
& 3 {
r o l e ^ S u r l r o q u I ) i o o J o l
l u B a l s o l
d q - d a e p o 1
. , f t ; - r r 1 s o 1
o { e q o + l 1 l r 3 o 1 : I r o r q o 1
( p f n b f f u r
4 o o r
o ? )
I r o q
o l
] n 3
o l
A A E J
( s ) 1 u e 1 p e r 8 u 1
{ o o q { o o 3
J 9
r e u u P r t p u e A l e l
" e W &
8 . * r * b & { a & t 4
v w & x n * 3 a ; 4 * & 4 " * $ w & X 1 : 1 1
{ r
{ * " f ; { . . t { y i w &
" a * y & S ! f f
& X d r
4 f
& { t { & & { * & & ' t t t & * 1 " t " t & ' & " * t r .
W " * & , 2 { , 4 A } - V W & k
y a & & t , & '
{ :
: 1 4 *
*
z 1 & W W . } - W W 9 ' *
g r s * y r ' 4
&
" A ? * & ; . t " * . *
' * & r .
{ * & # s ? * * / Y X " 4 * { t i
.
& r " 8 4 a * *
: | r y & ) "
*
r , ' , r t t y
.
* & & W & t
r " 4
& *
' & W ' W r c e e g t
k
& n , { d r / y q . ; - d , ! " g
& : t & w w & w
" q
* * & x
* ' * t v v
&
{ * v
{ t { b : t * { * Y l & Y t , t , & & : t
i : } " l } c &
s a
> +
2 = l
2 *
+ f /

T
f t t 1 . . P
n l H A ( t Q T
( t
9 . > Q l
+ *
2 { t E
2 Q = J t 1
> f f I
Z +
2 n
H
f , * g *
v c r # t *
u o l l e r B d a r d
I
O
l
r t r " r E u ; 4 o o 3 : A r e ; n q e r r
3 u r 4 r
s a r l r ^ r l 3 v
l e l o
p u e f u e 1 n q e :
Utensils and Appliances
AT t * ) E x )
$H
/J^
htlvE
t)
rftu&t3
m A' ,
= v J
cleaver; big cutting knife
pan; pot
can opener
bottle opener
plate; dish
glass
rice bowl or teacup
soup bowl
chopsticks
refrigerator
Loanwor ds: t - J>, 2 v *>,
'
7t
- ) V.
, ) 7. 7J- >,
+4 7 . t J +>. 7 t - r . 7 - 4 / \ >'
V>E- . V>i
7 t 7 4
e 7 4
-
nl v?)
jlE
fB
(Associotion)
Provide short answers to each of the following items.
L. What process do you use to prepare each of the following foods?
(ti)fiE
E
;^HJF
a.
l'0T
9F
b. r-+
c . 3 v 0 ) t )
G;)blv
{ t u
nr\< ) z
f.
o
D'
OAFJ
f * t E
< tu;1b
d . T
e. htfuE
t)
d. Dr i t t t b
2. What do you do with the following utensils?
I t t
A , E
b. tftu&l*
c. $lE
7 r T 4
E 7 4
-
'futt
t,,'t tJ
*ftr"
(what do you need?)
work in pairs. Ask your partner what ingredient you need to prepare the
following dishes.
Useful expresston: ..rrf\ U *.t
"
You need...
t,ftf l
sr:
at2Fa
vfai GU*t.
' frft:tt' '
L)*?fi i .
s2: / \ 2 t
r t t : , Lvt 7t T- ^hr l
\ t J
*f "
=
5
h
I
\ Food
6 6 t l 9
r P r u r u P r 9 p u e A r e l n q e f o n
' ' ' o o l ' s n d r u E c
J J o
l P o
p l n o q s
I
e q d e 4
' 1 q 8 r r
e r . n o : v c r H D v r i
' p r r o l o J e o
o q l J o p a r T ]
t r t , I ' ( p o q r s e p r s J n o
" l r t ) s n d u r e c ; ; o S u p e a ; o S u q u r q l u r . I : N m o u s
l n o , t l n o q e l e r l ! \
' E r r o l o J e o
a q l
l e l e o
o ]
S u p u e l d u r , I " ' q n : v o r H c v r r
l q 3 u n l ] n o q e
o p o 1 S u p u e l d n o f e r e
l e q m
3 e p I q o E I
{
' s I A I
: N m o u s
( ' s a n u 4 u o 1 )
' o ^ I l B l u a ]
J o I u p u B J o { e o / v \ S I u o l } u a } u l a q } o J a H
' u o I } 3 n J } S u o J
8 u i , r , r o 1 1 o ; a q + q 1 ! v \ s r u o r l u o l u r s , o u o s s o J d x a o ] f e f f r J a r { } o u v
z ' Z t
" t o p q l t y q
s , u l q J
' s y r n
r c l y q s n s e > [ D u o 1 u o 1 d
1
. E J ( r c + c Z t l ? 1 _ F . )
E H i f = C D r y ? < +
> c I Q i X r y : ]
' I o p
l t a r c s e [ q D ] a ? a ^
l D e
o l p u a l m
I
. E . ; - f t g c e v g ? , H s E ,
R
' ' ' o q
u o l d o l J o
' ' ' o l
p u a r y ! o +
( l . L ( t c + c . )
l / f r 9 c .
+
q r a ^ + o r . u r o ] , t e u o t p t 6
g u o 4 u e l w ' u n 1 d S u r u e o r u u n o u e s r
f r
c +
c )
' u o r l J n J l s u o s
s T q + q l l ^ s r u o r l u a l u r s , o u o s s e r d x a o 1 z ( e , r , r . a u o
I ' z t
' q U o J
o s , p u e
' q s r n n
e s s a r d x a
o l u o r u r o o s , r a q l o u P u . l l r J u o l
. . 0 1
s r a q t r o a l u r ^ u o l 0 1 t l
0 1 l l l l a r p u o r l o u a s , r a l e a d s
a q l s s a t d x a o t ( E ) t t
a l l r l r e o
l B u u - a l u a l u a s c
a q l a s n A e u s r a ) P a d s a u r o
J
' ; : : : z : r i t r J : . i i i r ] " i t l l
E I E
< 4 1 (
E I S
? J A E
< 4 1 (
O
s Q . r l : \
J o
t u r c g
{ $ * { 3 T { * A
* r $ p $ E
f l *
q h
C
: u i l { 3 l r s } { T 1 H u r s s e r d x H
" x f l
s a r l r ^ r l f v a l r l ] e r d p u e ) e u ) w u f J
' : 7 1 ' $ r 1 E - ?
9 r 1 9 . Y - + 7 Y 4 4 ? Y r / 7 , 4 5
/
l f i f l l l
\ 1
o q ] u T a u o p s e s r o ^ a s u e s , r e u l r e d
l s r g
r n o d p o d a g
' s r a u l r e d
" t J i : T K
q : y r y
> ' e
. , 4 _ ' v
. 6 1 { + # f f i ' t
r , l ? e \
. 6 1 4
.
r , ' - 4 ( L ' Z
+ + 8 4 ' t
Pl ai n, vol i t i onal f or m of ver bs
+
t Fl :
( &, Et r * f
)
to think one wiII
(do).'. or to think of
(doing) '..
The
plain,
volitional form of verbs is formed in the following way'
Class I Verbs
,
ct^:::z\rb;
; Root +t ?
i
- ----'"-------- -----'*----1
Class 3 Verbs t
l rregul ar
Root + the o-col umn
hi ragana corresPondi ng
to the di cti onary endi ng
A^' 6
+
C^& )
R.6
-+
R.&.)
E
E6
- - >E&)
t
-"1--
t
t
a
t
t
t,
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
7))
H)
- +
F$)
+ 1 - = : - -
E \
.
A e /
af;,t
-+Efr?)
/-
fr=
-+
i-t )
v
91dt
-+9EA)
;fi{;
-+;fr6
)
a
*6
- +
R4)
jzjt{
+
jzit:'i
-F6
-+
I' J.)
*.6
-->*.&.)
l""
-+
o-col umn
-+
*i
: i
: ?
: " ,
The polite, volitional form of verbs is what you know as the * L * )
form
of verbs
(see
Grammar 15, Chapter 3).
PLAI N VOLI TI ONAL FORM
POLI TE VOLI TI ONAL FORM
( * Lt ) r onr vr )
Ti;,ff:i;J;t"
remember, i s used t o ask
someone t o do somet hi n
with you or
!o
offer to dc
somet hi ng f ot someone.
[ \ ? Ll U6
L\ ? L. l
La ^
:fft:at1x7rf
ft"\' f ).
-f#t:a;"l ttuac^*
L,,r ).
Let's eat Lunch together.
t . < i )
{ l < 7}
ttfzl ' hs?o' rti aHai .
*tf=l ' hs70>l tHt\*
tu
t' )
"
I will buy that meat.
St oa l : < \ 5t
?. < bb
' +
rri trEl ror-c' . f *f 3 aIF4, &,Et\*f .
Since beef is cheap, I think I'II make sukiyaki'
*i *J
?ov7F2>
'
) i 4 [ : 4Ef i 6 ) LE3"
I think I'II read that restaurant
guide.
When you have had an intention for some time, use the volitional form of a
b6. :
aj t )
ver b +f i Ei : ( t \ *f
( &. Ei : ( t \ 6) r at her t han t , ELt *f
( &, H" ) .
a/ " L
" g
4 Eat - l " t : t t 6t )
v7l 7?' : Tt Zl
&E: ( f
\ *f .
I have been thinking of going to that testaurant on out next date.
-. 1
il
o v
l 9
r e u u e r 9 p u e A l P l n q e l o n
s u o s s e r d x e J f f i i l
; : f f : . * * 3 , , , ' , 0 " r s '
u P , n o ^
. s u e l d
l n o q v
6 u g 1 e 1
D r n w D h r D X l W q I M n q l a S o l
l J o w a u o q
o p o q u o l d
1 : s u B o u r
d l d r u r s
"
4 J
( r
+
c Z
4 - & 4 E l = l W - , ? r y ? 1 Y L 4 '
E . U E
' p u e q
r o r { } o o q } u o
. o s
o p
i l r ^ r I
p u E
, E r m u e r v \ e ; q . J I
q } I ^ r
r a q l a S o ]
{ J o n
o u o q o p o } p o p r o o p u a a q s e q
} I } e q }
s e r l d u r a c u o } u o s s r q J
' D J n u r D l v t D X ' J W
q l l ^ L n q n S o l
I J o l
o u r o q o p o 1 S u r o B w D
I
h r o J J o u o J
' o r n t u D h r D x ' J W
q l l w r c q 4 a 8 o l
4 J o A
a u o q o p
I r M I
A , t o J J o u r o J
' - e F ' t
g g g
f l
: t # - 7
n /
7 1 Y L t r ' E f f s
\ 1 : l > o 1 T ' l c \ l = J 1 E
s s e r d x o o s I B u ' r s q r o ^
J o
r u r o ;
l s e d u o u
e q +
' a r o J a o
o " t i : T " : : t " r " J T . t ;
' I t o u o r q c r p
+ o q 1
? u u { . n q
t o
u o 4 u a l m o u a A D q
I
"
r y + 8
( r
Q E I f t 4
c
a H Z
F + l c D E
' , f i o u o 4 c r p
p q q , , ( . n q o l
l o u
p u a w l
I
"
E J ( t
g
c \ 1 f / c l H
& E # C D Q
\ q f ' l
3
" ' ( ? u y o p )
l o
u o 4 a a l u r o u a A D q o l
( / + E f t E E I f t 9 I C )
\ 1 V F l
h g c
+
q r a ^ j o t r - r t o ; f i e u o t p t g
' q r a n
I
J o
L n r o ; a n r l e b a u
, , f i ? " f i , : f l i i j : : j I
" ' ( o p )
o l
l o u
p u a l u ! o l
( + J h
c +
c . ) : l
f i 4 C
+
q r a ^ J o r u r o J r e u
' o ^
]
e q l y o r a 8 u o 4 s o r { } s I p u o l a s a r { J
' s u o q c n J } s u o o
3 u r , r , t o 1 1 o ; o r l l J o J a q l l a a s n ' S u r q l e u r o s o p o ] p u o l u r
1 , u o p
n o f , { e s o 1 g ' 4 g
You can state you your own pl ans usi ng
-?
b
t J (
pl ans usi ng
- ?6 L) <t , as
di scussed above
:
as discussed above.
tr'fir.n<
? b
cJ
rf
,
,#fli:ill?#ffi;,
;ffi;;#nij,"".,
: : : :
I am
Pl anntng
to go to the movl es.
when you don' t have uny ptrnrl
uor-run
,r,
* ' ar t
+Et * 6 V* t t u"
,
I don' t have any pl ans.
.
answer ns sPecf ca
Y''
ti:?,ri:"f"
7 , 7 4 c i 4
-
.)
(a
xy
)l {1
/\-7
4
-tt
6C b
i J
Tf .
(I' m pl anni ng to have a party.)
C e) Ct f c/ r } x) d
t EE
E I*7> 3 lvD-itE + E Tf?a.
zz, ?nT, ) bTr s- 7' (
- at
6=t :
t ) Tt
"
h\A'ht
?t"rfi r\L\ 4 zTtte"
z\ -Zi -
-
r-+Ei E6) t , H=(f
r*f .
;::**
iir.'fit u*tii.
-",; ;;;;;i,i,,,-0, n,.,,,,,
When you 0"", Or"l ,, what you are goi ng t o do or you woul d l i l e t o avoi d
9' 4 7 t r ,
h 2 L 7
xB t i
FI E
, 1, L7
ffE
Now practice the dialogue, substituting the following phrases for the
underl i ned phrase.
r . . r \ - 27- . r - +a?i
z.
72d l vafr-4 7 V> F 6n?X Unvi te)
r. e,/vtl .Tf
-L&ta
. t , l . t u
q.
fa<. A /-,rEHA t a
7 t f 4 E 7 . r - r E [
t f t i 6
{^ 6 t tr,E,L\*f .'
,,(I
think I'll take a break.}
Rewrite the following using the volitional form of the verb +
&H[l*f.
KAWAMURA: This Saturday is Ms. Chin's birthday, isn't it?
have a.party at my home. KAwAMttRA: That's a good idea.
- l - i - + t l ^ - . ^ - l - ^
402
MAcHIDA: Yes, so I' m pl anni ng to
MACHIDA: I'm thinking of making
Food
S F
l 9
r e u u r e l g p u P { r P l n q e l o n
.
u , E r
J v
d s r r c J d q o o
] , u p J n O J
,
6 u t ) t l l 0 6
x e u o u a q r e ^ B q
l , u p r p
I
a s n e f , o q
{ u e { n q
-
i l f f j
i
" ^ " 5 ; f l f ;
t e a u o u s e M o ; a q ] o s n e 3 o q
1 r o ) e u
] , u p l n o o
i
, r t " , , { r > 1 n s
a l e u _ r
.
s s e u l l t
J o
a s n e c o q
a r u o q p a , { e 1 s
, l o o q c s
o 1 o 6
i * - ^ - - * - * * - i
- - . . *
"
, - _
s l l n s e g
l e n t r v
I u o p u e l u l
l e u ; 6 ; r 6
, - . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . - . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - . . . . .
_
( . s s a u 1 t r r
{ o
a s n D r a q
a u r o q p a , , { o q s
I W q
, p o q c s
o l
o 3 0 7 p a u u o p
n
" = r . F
r l r l t E
J - 8 . $ ;
' s ? , ' , r
) f r
g
c ' >
g w # F r a
t r 6 r l
' a 1 q e 1
S u m t o I I o J
o r l l u o p o s e q s e c u e + u o s
a T e J
l
u r e r
J o
a s n e 3 a q
o O
l , r p f n o r - - : - -
r o 6 r o l i
' t 4 )
f ,
g c s f
2 + 9 t r ,
u r s e , 1 f l
F . ) -
' ' b ? 3 . ' , i l j L T f f : f
; : f f i ' f f i : f f i i l T j N
, n q
' f i o B
. t o 1 d o 1 p a u u o l d
D
" = J . ) F
n
{ r i s a . S ;
q = t 1 '
^ * . u
; T : ; t
1 [ !
-
) .
1 4
) .
1 4 . . f
" r g E \ 1 E
?
q S 1 e b ! , E | { t l + * * c D f r +
. s
. r ( - F . J .
0 q - c
> ! i w \ q : ?
E l E c o f r g
. v
" r ? . 4
F r l E . ? e T 1 " t l F , y
H \ a F ^ +
. t
' \ g f )
h c + c 2 4 s + l , F F a . ,
' r ( 4 )
f r I
c
9 v g
p
l J
W , r + =
.
t
. s u o r l s e n b
a s a q l J s A ^ s u V
e o 8
o 1 S u r u u o l d
n o [ a t o a t a q r y )
. r ? f )
f r
g
C
> t ] w : ?
-
v
1 a
) -
1 4 L
a
H
e { s r y a r p a t g u r )
J } \ ! J * c u
r y F t :
4 }
-
\
/
- y ' s
e r n b
, d o q s )
g c n * ? C D e W e _ f
_
t r
. ?
9 v g - s -
g ? r y n ? H l . e
E t i \ t B
i A
2 4 & . a < # E 4 t r F q ' . z
? E \ 1 8
g t E + ) 6
f f H
' r
s f
+ f l B E
I
j
i
I
{
N
I
I
7 t 7 4 X 7 4 - E E
;,arfaid. E)
t-*.tht" (What arc you going to do at a time like this?)
For each phrase in the first column, choose an appropriate
phrase from the
second column and connect them in a logical sentence'
a )
t'ftll
t<6tsLt 7 4 77'(
-ff
{-,
-->
* - 6 u
t < t:i dl ..r>t. 7 4 77 4
-g16
i eF..r\
gf.
r . 4El *. f f 7) r Qd, t Lt .
L) r ) L)
Dt ) f
2. *+
rErr
t +l:/J
tJ
F Lr
* r i Ep) l : < t t
3. 4El t + l f i r r *ht =f c
l : <
4. +Jv >A /vr*War/*r,r
- a
5. t Lvyal Fut f r
f - +: ' t )
' qfr
tr.< t tuH)
g: t *t ut t i . E15E
I . t 6
2 <
+J-ra(F6
4 t u7
.
v7 F72- ec^6
2 v*>e.
'
zo
-)v' :.711
:r
{ l
i t
1 l
1 i
I 4o4
Food
]
s 0 '
l 9
r e r u u e l g p u e f u e l n q P l o n
' ] e q l
o p s . ] a l
' q a
: r H s v r v H
' o 3
u o q l
p u e r o u u r p
] E o
s , ] e l
' u a q ]
I I o M
: N o s s r c ( : p o l } p u e ^ a s u r o 4 s , I . . u l )
. { c o l c , o
u a ^ o s
} p
s } r e } s
l I
: r H S Y v H ( j l r e t u o c a q l s r a u r r l p q f u u r o u
" l r r )
i u e l s ] r a s u o c
e q ] s o p a r u r l
] E q M
: N o s B r D
' a t e l d
S u r r q
1 1 , 1 l p a
u r : c
l l r l s 1
" 1 T I
)
'
^ o u { n o d
, u o o . r
a ^ e q
I I q s I
: r H S v ^ v H
' ( d u e
l u e m l , u o p
n o . { s s a n S
1 j
" ' l n q e z z r d
e
1 q 8 n o q
p u e
} u a M I
' p q
o o l s . ] e q J ,
l r t l l e e r
q O : s r r u n c
' a } e
. { p e e . r 1 e
I
' s a , \
: r H S v r v H
; r o u u l p
u e l e a n o d e A e H : s r J d n D
' a a s
p u e
I I e s I I , I
: r H D n c v r I v
' I S e
p u e
I I B J
s . ] a T : v u n y { v M r D
' l \ & o r D I
l i u o p I
' u r u r H
: I H c o c v J I V
; > 1 u t q }
n o , { o p . , t e p o } u a d o
l u e . r n e l s e J l e q }
s I : v u o t t r v ^ ^ v )
' p D q
p a r y q
T
( | n q
' ' + l I )
p u o
' r o n b r y
p q t
l o
a u o s p a u l
I
'
: / c
r ? # F l Y d ' . r g : / ? ;
n /
W & f r ! . c +
A +
2 c + a E { l ?
' a I I
s , ] l
l D q M
a a s p u o a r a q l 0 3 s , l a T
" Q t 1 Y e > . - l - r \ / = Z
' e J U o
t q s n s p a ! 4
I
' 4 4 ! [
s , 1 !
] D q l v L
e a s 0 1 t q s n s a u o s a l o
I
: / , ' t
* f ) v E ? 1 4 4 t -
' , { 4
o ( S u y q t a u o s ) a 4 3 o 1 t o ( S u r q l a u o s ) a y d t a o s o J
J o
e s u o s s q l u I I r l o l
s e s o l e I S u E J ] s r q ] s e l u T l o u l o s
' e z r l
s . l ! p q A , t t o s u a d d o q
l D q M
e a s 0 1 J a p J o u r
( S u r q q a w o s ) o p 0 1 s u e a t u
Z e
+
q r a n e
J o
r r r r o J - a l e q J
. s u o q e u r q r u o D
a s e q ]
J o
r n o J . { p n 1 s
1 1 m
n o , {
' u o q c o s
s l q } u I
' a s a u e d e {
u r s 8 u r u e a r u
l u e p o d u r r
I e r o ^ o s
s s a l d x o o ] s q r o ^ r o q l o q l l l \ ^ p o u q r u o J s r q r o ^ B
J o
r r r r o J - o ] o q r
r . g
C )
* A
g
> p u E , ) r t
3 0
r u r O s - a l o q f
" g g
' r f u e > 1
1 o u
' e u e b e t r q
u r u a l l l l l / \ a l P s q l a ^ l n o J
. , i l i l ^ ; T : l i : f f i I i l N
r y \ 4 > c H ? { + 7
r )
^ r *
v *
I n c +
v +
T ' - n
Y
v 1 - 4
t r m
1 Y L I T
t r | | l
9 > E c !
4 Y L I (
" Q x ' 1 * * , ' , r : ; :
r f * : " j
" F + , - u . ; : i : T I : : 7 :
" e r
+ . > ^ / e w , p F l 1 + z J r Y : l
' " "
T ; i ; i J J ; , ] - " . ;
' E + e > 1 a f f f f g a > E t
" e x 1 F ? ) r 1 L s J
' > j e f f F ,
" r Q
Q
t ' ' l
' 9 r 1 ) r t . f r ' : : : : : : ; : : '
' 6
H " l
' * ? #
s q r s A
+
s q r
F
-''i";;ot*'f
=*=-=###
when used in nesative,lli.l., I
jti.,l;
anymore
- ^
I
e l
gg.z
The te-form of a verb + L * ) Iiterally means to
finish
doing
(something). In other words, it is used to express the completion of
an action or an event. This construction focuses on the completed state
of an action or an event.
LLo<r i t \
tcfcr-l tt:)tr ffi A L( L* [\* L/c.
I already
finished
doing my homework'
?o7 4 72 U-Al *xdi rc^(
t ' *. cf c"
I ate all of that ice cream.
. , : : : : : : : : : : : , : : rr : : : : : : : , :
ffi
,=
Ai:;X;';:it,':il',
conjunctive forri of a verb
*
fana e^fai r6(r
finish eatingl. By the way,
the meaning to start doing
is expressed by the
coni unct i ve f orm of a verb
n'fur'o*u *u
(to start drinking\.
(not )
anymore, any l onger
L O t
I
+ l
E I
b x l
( ' s e n u q u o J )
l 9
r e u u e l c
p u s { l e l n q e 3 o
' S u r u r o t
p a l J D l s s D I l
l l
' r l * )
c 9 1 . \ g ! E
Y
C R q
{ ' a s a u o d o l
a U T t D
P u D l s r a P u n
o l a r a o l a ^ D q
I ' r c )
' a p T [
o a s e u o d o [ S u r p u D $ r c p u n p a ] r D l s a ^ D q
I
' r l
1 F * )
G
r ? c l . r q E E V E 1
( / E l
1
= J c +
s s e r S o r d u r s r J o s u r 8 e q
] u o l a
J o u o T l l e o r u o s
'
' ( i o o q c s
+ E
u a q ^ p r c s ) p o q c s o l p a > I D ^ 4 1
' r l a
+ 8 ) 1 1 { ?
\ , t r + *
f l a = l c |
2 E Q ? c s $
u o T l e s o I
+ u o J J n D
s , r e l e o d s o q ] p J B r \ o + S u r . t o u r u o l p a J l p e u 1 S u r q l a u r o s o p o J
'
' ( a r a q
4 r a q
a t a o c
' u a q J
p u o ) s a l d d o t t n q p u o
p 4 t o m a d n s o o 1 o B a s D a [ d
. r 1
? i l > ) P >
c H & t r <
n
' )
c ! i \ , - I / - z
' a r a q
a u D r u o q + p u o p o q r s
p r c q c o e | t r u r q \ ! I t | p a \ p l r a q p u r I w
" = J
1 + F ) a # ? + +
a T l q l s * + .
s
F l E t
r o l e e d s a q l p r e ^ \ o ] a r u o c u o q l p u e S u l q l a u r o s o p o J
' 3 u r . u . o 1 1 o y
a q ] u E o r u u E r
2 )
+
q r a z r e
J o
r u r o J - a l o q J
t ' t
' u o
l u r o d
s r q + u r o 4 S u r l s a l a l u l
p B
1 1 y n
a m o w s r q |
" T 4 *
P
r 1 ) '
f /
> 5
F u ? , q U
:
F I P
r { c '
=
o r n l n J a q + o l q S u r 8 u e q c d a e > 1
l p v r
o l e l s r o u o l ] 3 8 S u l o 8 u o d p u a u n c e u r o g
' ( e r u o q
+ e
u o q ^ ^ p r E S )
I o o q r s
o l u D r
I
.
: / ,
1 *
p
r 1 )
. F "
-
F j F , , o E t
1
= t c +
( u e 8 a q u o r l l l e a q ] o r o J o q u o l l e s o l
s , p a f q n s r o s , r o l e e d s o q ] r u o q d e r u e r o ) u o l ] e 3 o l
] u o J J n J
s , l c e l q n s
r o s , r e l e o d s a q l r u o 4 d e r r , r e S u r n o u u o q c a l l p e u r S u r q l e u r o s o p o J
' i l [ a t
u a q t p u o r c q q o l I u q l y t p a 4 p l o p D t r r D L
' s w
' : l a
* 8 r 1 ) ' l E E ? ; 3 F 1 " / 3
E r f l
e e e i d
1 e q 1
a ^ B a I u o q + p u e S u l q l e u r o s o p o I
' s 8 u r u e a r u
8 u r , , r n o 1 1 o 5 o q l s e q
)
r 1
+
q J o a B
J o
u r r o J - a l a q J
t '
' s a s s a r d x a
Q E a
s 8 u r u e e u r o ^ , q o q l
J o
q 3 r q ^
l x o l u o 3
o q l u o s p u a d a p
' \ r o [ r . o
u a ]
F l u n
T d a p 7
" r / / - t s \ 1 F a ) e ! ) F + E o t
' ( a 4 o y s n a
i q )
+ r a s s a p
s , r a Q l s t r w a 1 o
1
"
= l c
* 1 ) v g ? I
-
{ + l b z Y f i , f
I 1
r / c . l
' 1 e r !
s , l u a f i e s r l + J o s , r e l e a d s o q l s a q d r u l u o T ] s n J l s u o l s T q +
' s o s e o
a s o q ] u I
' a u
u o o q a A B q
] o u
p p o r { s
} e q }
S u T q } o u r o s p T p o u o o u r o s r o p a u e d d e q o ^ E r {
}
p F o q s
} e q }
p o u a d d e q S u r q l o u r o s
l e q +
s e r l d r u r s o r u T l o r u o s u o l l J n r l s u o s s I
' q o n s
s e s a l e 8 n [ u o r p u e q J o ^
I
s s e l J e s r
J l o s ] r
c
I l
Both te-form
+ L\< and te-form
+ < 6 expless
ongoing actions oI events'
as illustrated in the third definition
of each form. In deciding
which to use'
take into consideration
these nuances:
(
6 is more subjective and personal'
whereas Lr
(
is more objective and impersonal'
In other words'
(
6 indicates
more physical or psychological
involvement
on the part of the speaker
7 r 7 4 Y 7 4 - E E
6 x z ee^(a* t.
(I' il ttY eating it' )
Make dialogues using the te-form of the verb in parenthe ses
-l
7*6 '
Be creativel
f' ft| Jl
?o77-+t**i t\
Lf
\t.f
,\"
(A^6)
->
-z
a 7T
-+
llb
t
\
t, !
\T.f
,).
-ft^(a<
< fi 8 L\" or b !. ? &C^(a*f
'
6i ,/j t\
1. ;O"f;iFE
(question) hrttht
tJ
*f ft.
(Fq1<
)
2. 4J> t t-2 t Ei ?6fsfj t,r
uL\.c' f 7)).
(gtri l )
u.f'tfr. iri rfirt turr+*r. rAi>
4. ; rrrrr*iithoArf
. rii al
b 6 L 6
5. ;/1l* t
(
trEHt,
t^tf
J.
(Efifj)
6. F>AVTF77t * t i t \
L, L\ Tf I '
( ?l <
)
7 2 7 4
c 7 4
-
6:
I
A^(
L, Ht \ * L' f -"
(Oh! I at e i t al l up' )
Make a dialogue by using the te-form of the verb + L,, *' )
'
t'{tUl W)o^)
(ffifr)
- F>A^I J. E)
l ' *t uf =ht "
- 6
) f f i , / v<
LHLt * L/ : '
408
(What happened
to that book?)
- _ l
6 o t
v l
E l
e l
l 9
r P r u u e r 9 p u e r u e l n q e l (
( ' s a n u 4 u o J )
- I 1 * * ) c H ' Z Z -
( r l
' ( c / f
F
( t Q E l 4 v -
< * ( H )
' r ? - r E
f t 9 E l 1 v t t r 4
' 9
>
+
q r o ^ e q l
J o
r u r o J - a l e q l 3 u 1 s n s a n S o p r p a > i e 1
( I r D q
t q ? u
a q
i l , l )
"
& 8 4 > c
L r ? c
:
<
-
v
1 ?
v
1 4 L
( a w ) ( l a u t o s e ^ D q l
" ' a s D a w )
" z
?
' 4 F
h q n l ? ) = J s 4 4 ( - ? '
(
> L E J )
. T 1 [
E
( t g s e
O f ,
\ 1 , l q y #
,
( . ? + l ) ( 1 n o . t
q , u e n ' p a t 4 w J )
" t + = J
a * L l t c t
C ,
4 *
( - F . 8 : ) " 1 ' 1 t $ r 1 . . r ( r y ? Y
Y
1 - 4 '
( 2 + )
' T f ) ? \ g \ 9 S
L + E L E I C <
v
1 - =
' T f ; + E
L e
c + '
' t
E ]
( 9 s ' H & r y F l : g ) " V + - > + H Z
L
q g '
e + 7 - 4 - + )
' T f
J - t l # F l E g '
+ Q * r +
( e
H )
' T f
F h Q s T ? U h r 1 4 '
"
Q
T . l
F P r l ) H ?
c T
E & - J <
y
4 - E
/ : ' r f + a -
" T + F
f t 9 s ? L E J t E l / S ) * ' l
- { + 1 c . -
e H & * J
<
y
4 -
. E
/ . )
" T f
F f r 9 s f l L f l S . l / F J - F I
- 4 < c
t l 4
) 1 1
+
q r o ^ a q l J o u r r o J - a l e q + 3 u 1 s n s a n S o p r p e 1 e 1
( ' u n r s , J T )
"
Q
T
. ) *
P r 1 )
c i
-
v
I a
v
1 4 /
( e
H ) G _ 4 .
_ . 4 y _ \ z a ^ / ? < + )
.
( q
( a 4 ! ) ( Q _ +
L 7 L
y + ) '
o , @
( 2 4 _ ) ( f 4 t o m a w o q ]
e
g ) '
\ 1 : l > o , l
( a u g ) ( - + Y
v 4 )
'
e H )
( + . 4 ; ) '
(
> + )
( T * + )
'
{ t \ g
>
( 9 v H ) ( Y
-
f i 4 Y Y / . = J C H E
# ) '
t Q Q ( o ?
( 9 g f i ) ( ^ / ? 1 Y
L 4 ) '
Z t A
) ; i
f
\ ?
L. t
nt ) vx<
1.
-ft#
l -9' HL.d*tftuzl t.
(C,\6)
t* t"
z. rl rHtfutl frt *tufzht.
(E-f;f)
k
t - r t )
8e) r ! Lr
e. ? E L* L/cDr"
(#tt*Etffitl)
l a< ,)
+. 6l . l t b
t J
*f f r .
( Ht )
l l t l * L
s. Fz)r: f-TttJ"
(You
are early, aren't youT)
(ft6)
,rti bh\ d It
a. EF(face) rr#t\rf*a.
(biEU
gfti)
t* t /c t,\.a-
tJ
h\Z
z, rl r T 3. f u t **. f : t , r*f f r.
(3f l +t : i f r6)
a. /et' b
b=Tlt6fuTtht.
(Why are you laughing?)
z( \ ' r
GJ$1, 3t \ E* EI A. E 6)
7 t 7 4 8 7 4 - g I
e .
-e
fd E * L, /c fr" fj*t2s$ I
r
*
tu
fc.ht.
(Where
did you hear that? Who
soi d l hal ?)
Where do you think the following statements were made? Choose from the
pl aces Ii sted here.
fat\ E-4 2. I, r. h\1"
a Ff i . t r = f f H. - r t - l - . . z- zt - . v7F2>
b *
1' . b t: tHf EFt ftoo
sweet) t).
a
2. ZAJ7r 7&E<
( t r yon) er <<3f
t .
3. ZO6Z#,h' T7r&.).
4' ZA77- *&f cA/ vT
( or der ) Z**t u
x)
"
bt=6 7)j
5. za*f r L t \ z- - +
.
v
- 7aHcT7**t u
*. )
"
Who clo you think made the following statements? Choose from the people
Ii sted here,
E/ 5A+t 2U
- <>,
EAFEO+f t , ) = >
.
t ' V>,
ayi
( cook) .
7 - 4 1 . 7 7 > 9 > F
o. z \ U t a> F7&t r - ?t 172( * * Lt .
L) r )
U 2<
z. t f *t 9&f c(t l vl Fc
(8*
L/ c.
. kA Bf =6
B.
{+H+*T,fEl J
t\<3* L/c.
'
fr\tu a ^,t*r)
g.
' 84&f=<
34"fi h tf; L(A *L' f="
a ' 6 0 -
r o. */ c# f r
( out er space) r l J: ( **Lt .
6 L V
s l l q s a 6 P n 6 u e l
' a s e o l d ' I I r q
a r l ] a { I I p l n o ^ , r .
I
: v u n r , { v m v )
. . . { E o } s
r n o , { s T a r o H : u s J r v m
. . . 1 . , t y u 1 o 1 t e 3
' ' ] T I J ' r I S ! ^
n o , { s V : u a r r v , l t
' n o d
l u e q }
' o N
: v u n r r v m v )
; u o s s a p } n o q t s
r \ o H : u u r v m
' a u r ^ {
p a l a I l T p l n o ^ \
I
: v 8 n r ^ r v M v ) j { u r r p
} n o q e
^ \ o H
' s o
: u s J r v M
. { e a } s
p u e p e l e s o ) i I I p l n o M
I
: V U l [ ^ t v M V )
; r e p r o
. r n o d e , r e q
l
f e y q : x s J I v A n o d
l u e q ;
: v } ] o r l v l \ \ V )
. n u a u r
e s r a r o H
. a u r o J T a A A
: u s J r v M
.
, - =
f f i
: " : , , , , . , : , : . : , ' , : . : l t : : : ' , r : : , : : : t : r : : . : : : , : : , : , . : : : - : : : : : , , i , , . : : , , : r i : : : : : = t : : : t : : : : l
' 4 F ' l
\ 1 F { l s l ? g f E s l
s Q Y * Q x a r y \ q
"
z Q 7 ' E > +
- 4 Y
" = - t r 1 + ' l
4 E + r / + r g l
\ 1 E
' r l i
+ f r F : ' 1 t {
" 4 - > Q = c { l ' Y r 1 r 1
' F l . l
- . G . 9
' 4 + ' l
\ l d g . 9 f & <
Y
( " +
. s ? e * t V Q
" F l v t { / I S f
. \ 1 E l
a q
' 4
F ' l
\ 1 E g l . c f ? +
-
1 Y ? . 6 1 { +
s ( e *
' F l x
E ! :
r y q Q a 1
' q e ?
" Z e ? & _ r =
t '
. S E r l c l l
c e r , )
: , : : , ,
: : : : i : : r ' :
: '
1 Y L 4
- 6 y r 4
- 6 y r 4
Y t r t (
- 6 y r 4
1 Y 6 t {
- 4 ) . - 4
1 Y L 4
- 6 y r 4
1 Y L I (
- 4 y r 4
* # f f d d f f * ,
O
S T s e r e - i e a s { } H
E
l V
Practice the dialogue, substituting the foilowing for line 2. Use the
-
L/JiJ'6 form in line 4.
1.
+. TVcaH<r \ * f
2. +, 77vt ar f r r \ ( r \ *f
t \ g d{ t
3.
q,
b,trAffi.tuZct\*f
7 , 7 4 t 7 4
-
m
T/v t)
Tv AF,/J/1r6. E-E(.E-E t* l-,f:"
(She talked on the phone while
. . , ^ + - L : ^ ^
T
I / \
v v u L Ut u t r E ! v , )
loin
the clauses into a complete sentence using
-/Jfr
6.
t,ltf l
(fivJ=-2,6fraf)
(A;fi{,') -+
fr v J =* >AC^A ff b. ^AAfr,/"f:.
r.
o 4 > ag.{}) a7
_
+ aft
{/c)
*B ErA l ' +l ' 1" X
2.
(WAf.<
)
(
EE Efc.( t /yHYU * L/c)
^ \ / /
3l '
3.
( 7vc&R. 6) ( f f i
f f i L* Lt )
t a r 6 6
4.
("*
t lnotesl&H\6)
(=f{
d lvO=FeZfA<)
UA t 6 hsca)
5.
(
Il 7 )V/\4 l -&t 6)
(tEft#ti rl l : (tr*f
)
7 r 7 4
t 7 4
-
t i 6 b6 f . 6
(, \
(,
\
e E L
\
t< f ,). E L
\
t E
t,
t
gE75:"
(Do you think it's good or bad?)
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After You Finish Reading
1. Lately, the number of foreign customers has been increasing at Murasaki
restaurant. The owner has decided to produce a simple brochure about
his restaurant in English. Help him compose the brochure by filiing in
the missing information in English.
t /vh\2 pork cutlet
Jr) 7 custard
lEE9.
pfice, charge / *')'.
adult / *.bf&rE
all
You
drink
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liquor)
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place,location
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g#ntFfi
business hours
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reservation
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Japanese varieties
j:,.,n
varieties
?;:;:_-
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(free champagne from -to -)
Cl osed MondaY
Locati on: -
Next to
Parki ng: -
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Before You Read @
/--\
Work in pairs and discuss the following with your partner.
1. What time do people generally eat the following meals or snacks?
6 3
a. Hnil*'tu
UA
b. 6; "t t t u
c. *s\t:
2. What do you usually eat for each of the above meals? Are your meals
well balanced?
3. What eating habits have you noticed in your family? First, answer
these questions, and then compare your answers with those of your
classmates. Are some of them similar? How are they different?
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Now Read It!
A
]apanese
women's weekly magazine runs a column called "Check Your
Diet, " in which a dietitian analyzes the diet of a chosen reader. Last month,
Hitomi Machida was interviewed for this section.
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9 t : 9
work in pairs. Ask your partner what he or she ate yesterday. Do you think
your partnet's meals are well balanced?
Writing 2
Write a sliort paragraph about your eating habits, meals, and so on. Cover at
least the following points.
L. what you usually eat
2. your favorite foods
3. foods you don' t l i ke
4. whether you drink coffee a lot
5. whether you eat instant foods or frozen foods a lot
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ai t)
t \ >t Lt i t F. . [ \ *f n"
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Language Functi ons and Si tuati ons
Asking and Expressing Opinicns
C)
t : t \ Ea5
AEE T
h t L ,
FIH
h , a 2
+Jv >
FIE
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EI E
Role Play
R
Work with a partner. One of you is a reporter and the other is a restaurant
critic. The reporter asks for the critic's opinion of a certain local restaurant.
The reporter must ask about price, what dishes are served, whether the
service is good, whether alcoholic beverages are available, and so on.
The reporter should take notes.
In the kitchen rawar,lma: What do you think of this meat? MACHIDA: I think it tastes good
and fresh. (IIL,I think it's
fresh,
good meaf.J How much was it? KAWAMURA: Uh, it was
1,000 yen per 100 grams. MACHIDA: what? Don't you think that's a bit too expensive?
KAWAMURA: Do you t t r i nk so?
( l i t . . I s l hof so?J
c1BsoN: what do you think of Mr. Hiryashi? MACHTDA: Hmm. I think he's veiy sweet.
crBsoN: Do you thi nk he' s handsome? MACHIDA: Hmm...
s l l q s o 6 e n l
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Woul d
you bri ng me a menu?
(/i f' ' Pl ease show me a menu' )
Role Play
R
You are at a restaurant
with several
classmates'
One of you is the waiter
or waitress and the others
ate customers'
Use the menu beiow
to order
your meal,
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760
850
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