LMS Imagine.

Lab AMESim
for Aircraft Fuel System Analysis

LMS, A Siemens Business
Bob Ransijn Sr. Application Engineer
3 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Some specific Fuel System requirements
Certification Dossier requires to go over a huge amount of configurations
Inerting capabilities are critical
Oxygen release in altitude
Temperature in tanks has to be closely controlled
Jettison

The Fuel system is critical for every mission
Management of fuel during the flight to ensure correct flow rate to the engine
Operations are impacted by refuelling
Vaporization and venting are to be analysed during the whole mission

Dynamic of the Aircraft is impacted by the fuel system
Acceleration is acting on the fluid which acts on the aircraft structure
Fuel can be used for stability increase (in fighters)

Fuel System have more than one use during the mission
Cooling of hydraulic circuit
Stability of the aircraft
4 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
A complex system involving multi domain
Fuel itself is a liquid
Thermal Hydraulic system

Pressurization, Venting and inerting are ensured
with gas
Pneumatic system
Gas concentrations are considered

Being used as heat sink
Thermal system

Sensitive to ambient condition
Aircraft mission (altitude, speed)
Aircraft attitude

Impacts Aircraft dynamic
5 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Example of Fuel Metering System
Fuel Metering System
Ptank
Boost
Pump
Main
Pump
Metering
Valve
MPSOV
FDV
PRV
Servo
Reg
Servo
Valve
Solenoid
EBV
Pd
P1
Pprv
P2
Pr
Pm
Ppes
Pfm
Ppri
Psec
Pfdv
Pmpsov
Ttank
FOHE
Tin Tout
Tfuel
Tmix
Characteristics of Components:
Boost and Main pumps
Pressure Relief Valve
Servo Regulator
Servovalve
Metering valve
MPSOV (Shut of Valve)
Solenoid
FDV (Fuel Divider Valve)
6 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
AMESim models Fuel Metering System
Functional modeling using standard AMESim component
Pressure Relief Valve
P
1

P
d

P
prv

Level 0 Steady state model
Level 1 First order dynamic
Level 2 Second order dynamic
7 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Detailed modeling geometrical parameters
High dynamics

AMESim models Fuel Metering System
PRV
P1
Pprv
Pd
Pressure Relief Valve
P
1

P
d

P
prv

Level 3 High frequency analysis
8 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Create your own AMESim multi-level library

AMESim models Fuel Metering System
PRV
P1
Pprv
Pd
Pressure Relief Valve
P
1

P
d

P
prv

P
1

P
d

P
prv

9 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Geometrical Valve Modeling
Hydraulic part: flow passages, volumes
Using AMESim hydraulic and hydraulic component design library
Mechanical part: mass, spring, friction
Using AMESim mechanical library

Extract pressure surfaces and exact flow
passage openings from 3D geometry
Spool with annular
orifices
10 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Metering Valve + Nozzle

11 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Complete fuel injector model
Full system integration allows to see the
interaction between the different nozzles,
valves and manifold

12 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
FCU : Fuel Control Unit, example
LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim and its libraries (HYD,HCD,THH,THCD) can be used to
model FCU/FMU systems at geometrical / detailed level. The typical use of AMESim in
this field covers :
Preliminary design phase
Design of components
Specifications of related
subsystems:
Analysis of metering
robustness
Analysis of pressure
pulsations to ensure a
constant flow to the
combustors
Analysis of the system on a
wide range of operating
conditions
Failure cases and back-up
modes
13 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
13 Confidential Material LMS North America
AMESim models Heat Exchangers
13 copyright LMS International - 2010
The Complete sub-system
Fuel/Oil Cooler Air/Oil Cooler
Half Heat Exchanger Heat Transfer Calculation
Only 2 different components
14 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
14 Confidential Material LMS North America
AMESim models Heat Exchangers
Standard AMESim component
No dynamics
14 copyright LMS International - 2010
Heat flow Exchange (effectiveness)
NOTE: for each component, the online help does describe all the used physical
assumptions and equations.
15 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Fuel Metering + Engine + +Gearbox + Lubrication
Lubrication circuit connected to fuel circuit
with fuel/oil heat exchanger
Custom component for
dynamic combustion process
Full dynamic valve and line response
for high transient analysis
16 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Aircraft Fuel Systems library (N)
NEED
Analyze fuel systems taking thermal balance in
tanks and transient flow from tank to tank into
account?
NEW CAPABILITIES
New Aircraft Fuel Systems library & new
Aircraft Fuel Systems solution
3D Tank model with thermal exchanges
Import tank information from CAD files
Apply 3D orientation and acceleration
Gauge models
Orifice model between tanks
Library manual and submodels
Tutorials and demonstrators
BENEFITS
Assess the dynamic behavior and thermal
integration of fuel within the global aircraft
environment (thermals, gravitation)

17 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Fuel System Tank Modelling Topics
Main Topics
Tank Shape;
Yaw, Pitch and Roll angles;
Fuel flow rate;
Pressurization with inert gas;
Tank cascading;
[O2]/[N2] valuation;
Gravity and external acceleration;
18 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Fuel system Tank Modelling Thermodynamic model

Dynamic model in AMESet:

Tank Shape;
Yaw, Pitch and Roll angles;
Fuel flow rate;
Pressurization with inert gas;
Tank cascading;
[O
2
]/[N
2
] valuation;
Gravity and external acceleration;

19 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Fuel system Tank Modelling Tank cascading

Dynamic model :
Tank Shape;
Yaw, Pitch and Roll angles;
Fuel flow rate;
Pressurization with inert gas;
Tank cascading;
[O
2
]/[N
2
] valuation;
Vaporization effect;
Gravity and external acceleration;
Sloshing effect.
20 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Fuel system Tank Modelling System verification
System verification in AMESim:
Tank Shape;
Yaw, Pitch and Roll angles;
Fuel flow rate;
Pressurization with inert gas;
Tank cascading;
[O
2
]/[N
2
] valuation;
Gravity and external acceleration;
Courtesy of Embraer
21 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Fuel system Tank Modelling Gas Mixture
System verification:
Tank Shape;
Yaw, Pitch and Roll angles;
Fuel flow rate;
Pressurization with inert gas;
Tank cascading;
[O
2
]/[N
2
] valuation;
Gravity and external acceleration;
The system allows the user to:
Evaluate the evolution of the fractions of gas in the bays,
depending on the source position and flow rate;
Evaluate the filling delay in order to compute the time
needed in case of fire
Size the vent connection in order to avoid supersonic flow
through the orifice;
Compute thermal aspects depending on the gas flow rate.
22 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
Fuel system Tank Modelling Gas Mixture
Some results:
Tank Shape;
Yaw, Pitch and Roll angles;
Fuel flow rate;
Pressurization with inert gas;
Tank cascading;
[O
2
]/[N
2
] valuation;
Gravity and external acceleration;
23 - Copyright LMS International - 2013
LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim
The integrated platform for multi-domain system simulation
Environmental Control
Systems
Bleed Air
Anti-Icing
Ventilation Circuit
Oxygen and Life System
Power & Distribution
Networks
Hydraulic Systems
Pneumatic Systems
Electrical Systems
Electrical Wire Harness
Landing Gear
Actuation Systems
Braking Systems
Steering Systems
Shock Absorber
Engine Equipment
Fuel Metering Systems
Lubrication
Heat Exchangers
Thrust Reversers
Equipment Box
Flight Controls
Primary and Secondary Flight Controls (EHA,
EMA)
High-lift Devices, Spoilers, Air Brakes
Fuel System
Fuel management
Inerting System
Filling
Thermal management