Arduino Wireless Receiver - Transmitter Design - Document

2011
Khan
Art Of Circuits
5/28/2011
Arduino Based Wireless
Receiver/Transmitter
Design Document
ARDUINO BASED WIRELESS RECEIVER/TRANSMITTER DESIGN DOCUMENT May 28, 2011

Art Of Circuits | www.artofcircuits.com

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Table of Contents
System Level Block Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 3
Transmitter Unit ............................................................................................................................................ 4
1. Arduino Uno Microcontroller Board ................................................................................................. 4
2. Sensor Module .................................................................................................................................. 5
PIR Motion Sensor................................................................................................................................. 5
Magnetic Hall effect Sensor .................................................................................................................. 5
Infra-red Transmitter and Receiver Pair ............................................................................................... 6
3. Xbee Shield ........................................................................................................................................ 8
4. Xbee Module ..................................................................................................................................... 9
5. Battery ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Transmitter Electrical Characteristics ......................................................................................................... 10
Receiver Unit ............................................................................................................................................... 10
1. Arduino Uno Microcontroller Board ............................................................................................... 10
2. XBee Shield...................................................................................................................................... 10
3. XBee Module ................................................................................................................................... 10
Receiver Electrical Characteristics .............................................................................................................. 11
Revision History .......................................................................................................................................... 11



3

System Level Block Diagram

Receiver Unit Transmitter Unit
Title: Arduino Development Board
Size: A Number: E0002-01
Drawn By: Khan Revision: 1.0A
File: Arduino_Development_Board.vsd
Arduino UNO
Development Board
PC
Arduino UNO XBEE Shield
BATTERY
Sensor
Module
1. HALL OR
2. PIR OR
3. Infra-Red
Antenna
XBEE Module
Arduino UNO
Development Board
Arduino UNO XBEE Shield
Antenna
XBEE Module



4
Transmitter Unit
The Transmitter Unit comprises of following Blocks:
1. Arduino Uno Microcontroller Board
2. Sensor Module
3. XBee Shield
4. XBee Module
5. Battery
This is the latest revision of the basic Arduino USB board. It connects to the computer with a standard
USB cable and contains everything else you need to program and use the board. It can be extended with
a variety of shields: custom daughter-boards with specific features.
Arduino is an open-source single-board microcontroller, descendant of the open-source Wiring
platform, designed to make the process of using electronics in multidisciplinary projects more
accessible. The hardware consists of a simple open hardware design for the Arduino board with an
Atmel AVR processor and on-board I/O support. The software consists of a standard programming
language compiler and the boot loader that runs on the board.
Arduino hardware is programmed using a Wiring-based language (syntax + libraries), similar to C++ with
some simplifications and modifications, and a Processing-based IDE.
The Arduino performs following tasks in the transmitter unit.
1. Detects and validate input from the Sensor Module.
2. Configures Xbee Module using command set.
3. Transmits valid input using Xbee module to receiver unit.



5
Arduino Uno Board
2. Sensor Module
There can be three types of sensor that we can use with our Transmitter unit:
A. PIR Motion Sensor
B. Magnetic Hall effect Sensor
C. Infra-red Transmitter and Receiver Pair
PIR Motion Sensor
A Passive Infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures infrared (IR) light radiating
from objects in its field of view. PIR sensors are often used in the construction of PIR-based motion
detectors (see below). Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature,
such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another temperature, such as a wall.
Selected Device: #555-28027
Manufacturer: Parallax (www.paralax.com)
Order Code: 555-28027-ND
Vendor: Digikey
Link:
http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detai
l&name=555-28027-ND

PIR Motion Sensor
Features
Single bit output
Small size makes it easy to conceal
Compatible with all Parallax microcontrollers
3.3V & 5V operation with <100uA current draw

Sensetivity:
The Selected PIR Sensor has a range of approximately 20 feet. This can vary with environmental
conditions. The sensor is designed to adjust to slowly changing conditions that would happen
normally as the day progresses and the environmental conditions change, but responds by making
its output high when sudden changes occur, such as when there is motion.

Magnetic Hall effect Sensor
A Hall effect sensor is a transducer that varies its output voltage in response to changes in magnetic field.
Hall sensors are used for proximity switching, positioning, speed detection, and current sensing
applications. In our system the sensor will send a signal whenever magnetic material is brought near the
sensor.


6
Selected Device: S451A
Manufacturer: Honeywell
Vendor: Digikey
Link:
http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=480-
3587-ND
Sensitivity: Sensitive to North/South pole of a magnet. Can detect the
magnetic field from a very close proximity.

Hall Sensor
Features
Single bit output
3.0V to 24V operation with <6mA current draw

Infra-red Transmitter and Receiver Pair
A transmitter and receiver pair is used to detect object crossing. The IR Transmitter LED will be used to
generate 38KHz Infra-red energy. This energy will be generated by a 555 IC. The IR 38KHz transmitter
will be located opposite to the IR sensor Module. Or alternatively the receiver module and transmitter
LED can be placed at the same place near the but keeping a non IR conducting sheet (Shield) between
them and a mirror or a glass can be mounted in front of this arrangement to receive the reflected 38KHz
IR energy. If someone crosses this arrangement a High pulse can be detected by Arduino
Microcontroller. Please see figure below for details on this scheme.


7
Passage
Title: Infra-Red Sensor Scheme
Size: A Number E0002-02
Drawn By: Khan Revision: 1.0A
File: IR_RxTx.vsd
MIRROR SURFACE
IR LED
(TRANSMITTER)
IR RX MODULE
(RECEIVER)
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e

<

1
0

m
e
t
e
r
s
SHIELD

Infra-Red Receiver
Selected Device: TSOP32338
Manufacturer: Vishay
Order Code: 751-1384-5-ND
Vendor: Digikey
Link:
http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=75
1-1384-5-ND
Max Sensing Distance: 45m
BPF Center frequency: 38Khz

IR Receiver Module
Features
Single bit output
2.5V to 5.5V operation with 3mA current draw



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Infra-Red Transmitter (LED)
A 555 timer based circuit will be used to generate 38KHz pulse through
this IR LED.
Selected Device: TSHF5210
Manufacturer: Vishay
Vendor: Digikey
Link:
http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=751-
1210-ND

IR Transmiter LED

3. Xbee Shield
The Xbee shield allows an Arduino board to
communicate wirelessly using Zigbee. It is based on the
Xbee module from MaxStream. The module can
communicate up to 100 feet indoors or 300 feet
outdoors (with line-of-sight). It can be used as a
serial/usb replacement or you can put it into a
command mode and configure it for a variety of
broadcast and mesh networking options. The shields
breaks out each of the Xbee's pins to a through-hole
solder pad. It also provides female pin headers for use
of digital pins 2 to 7 and the analog inputs, which are
covered by the shield (digital pins 8 to 13 are not
obstructed by the shield, so you can use the headers on
the board itself).



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4. Xbee Module
XBee RF modules are embedded solutions providing wireless end-
point connectivity to devices. These modules use the IEEE
802.15.4 networking protocol for fast point-to-multipoint or peer-
to-peer networking. They are designed for high-throughput
applications requiring low latency and predictable communication
timing.

The XBee module plugs in like a macro-component into the XBee
Shield

Features
No configuration needed for out-of-the-box RF communications
Common XBee footprint for a variety of RF modules
Fast 250 kbps RF data rate to the end node
2.4 GHz for worldwide deployment
Sleep modes supported for extended battery life

5. Battery
Transmitter Unit will run on external battery. There are numerous battery
options available. Battery can be selected depending upon the operation
time requirement for the transmitter unit defined by the user.

The Li9V / U9VL / L522 lasts up to 4 times longer than ordinary alkaline 9-
volt batteries and 10 times longer than carbon-zinc batteries and operates
over a huge temperature range.

9V Lithium Battery


10

Transmitter Electrical Characteristics
Specifications MIN NOM MAX Unit
Input Supply Voltage 7 9 12

Volts
TX Current 95

100

120

mA
Power Down Current 0.5

1

2

mA

1. Stress beyond Maximum limit will damage the Transmitter Unit
Receiver Unit
The Receiver Unit comprises of following Blocks:
2. XBee Shield
3. XBee Module
The Arduino performs following tasks in the receiver unit.
A. Initializes / Configures Xbee Module using command set.
B. Reads wireless data received from Xbee module.

There is an option in which we may use Arduino Uno Board without microcontroller. In this
configuration Xbee Module talks with PC through USB/Serial connection available on Arduino Uno. We
may design an application software using MS Visual Basic / MS .Net. The application can directly
configure and access the Receiver side XBee module using command set and can display the received
message using the application we developed on users requirement.
2. XBee Shield
The Xbee shield allows an Arduino board to communicate wirelessly using ZigBee. It is based on the
Xbee module from MaxStream.
3. XBee Module
The XBee module plugs in like a macro-component into the XBee Shield. And received commands from
Arduino microcontroller. Xbee Module in our design is mainly used as a wireless receiver.


11
Receiver Electrical Characteristics
Specifications MIN NOM MAX Unit
Input Supply Voltage 7 9 12

Volts
RX Current 100

100

100

mA

1. Stress beyond Maximum limit will damage the Receiver Unit

Revision History

Date Version Revision
28/05/2011 1.0A Art of Circuits initial release.
30/05/2011 1.0B Added Hall Sensor Description
Added Section on Infra-red Receiver Transmitter
Added Battery Section

Arduino Wireless Receiver - Transmitter Design - Document

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