Effective September 2009 Application Paper AP01301001E
Determining power circuit breaker
interrupting ratings Overview All of Eatons Magnum DS line of power circuit breakers are 100% rated and tested to applicable industry standards, including ANSI C37.13, C37.16, C37.17, C37.50; NEMA SG3; UL 1066; and CSA 22.2. When correctly applying a circuit breaker to a system that has different %pf and X/R values from those used in the circuit to test the breaker, one should take into account the systems X/R ratio and rms symmetrical current to arrive at an adjust- ed rms symmetrical current that will be compared to the breakers tested interrupting ratings, among other considerations. Breaker tested conditions There has been a lot of confusion in the industry as to how to properly select the interrupting rating of a breaker with so many different current values to consider. For the purposes of selecting the interrupting rating of a circuit breaker, one should only concern oneself with the rms symmetrical current rating of the system, along with the system %pf or X/R ratio and the circuit breaker interrupting rating. Other current values, such as rms asymmetrical current and peak asymmetrical currents, are dependent on the %pf or X/R ratio and can thus be removed from consideration. Figure 1 shows the relationship between the various current values. The Magnum DS product line contains circuit breakers rated at varying levels of interrupting rating, from 42 kAIC to 100 kAIC at 600V and up to 200 kAIC at 480V. The interrupting ratings shown are rms symmetrical current values tested with a %pf of 15, which corresponds to an X/R ratio of 6.6. Examples of the relationship between these different current values are shown in Tables 1 and 2. These tables convert the tested X/R ratio for Eatons Magnum DS breakers with their varying rms symmetrical interrupting ratings and their equivalent rms and peak asymmetrical interrupting ratings. Calculations were based on a 60 Hz system and t=1/2 cycle (ANSI/IEEE C37.13.1990/10.14). Table 1. Magnum DS Asymmetrical Multiplication Factor %pf X/R rms Multiplication Peak Multiplication 15 6.59 1.3308 2.2923 Table 2. Magnum DS Asymmetrical Currents Circuit Breaker rms Symmetrical rms Asymmetrical Peak Asymmetrical MDS4 42,000 55,894 96,277 MDS5 50,000 66,540 114,615 MDS6 65,000 86,502 149,000 MDS8 85,000 113,118 194,846 MDSC 100,000 133,080 229,230 Figure 1. Structure of an Asymmetrical Current Wave Total Currenta Wholly Offset Asymmetrical Alternating Wave Scale of Current Values rms Value of Total Current Direct Componentthe Axis of Symmetrical Wave Time in Cycles of a 60 Hz Wave Alternating Component Symmetrical Wave rms Value of Alternating Component 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1 2 3 4 0 Eaton Corporation Electrical Sector 1111 Superior Ave. Cleveland, OH 44114 United States 877-ETN-CARE (877-386-2273) Eaton.com 2009 Eaton Corporation All Rights Reserved Printed in USA Publication No. AP01301001E / Z9004 September 2009 PowerChain Management is a registered trademark of Eaton Corporation. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. Application Paper AP01301001E Effective September 2009 Determining power circuit breaker interrupting ratings
Figure 2 shows the relationship between the X/R ratio and the multiplication factors used to calculate the circuit breaker rms and peak asymmetrical currents. Their interdependency allows us to narrow our consideration to the %pf or X/R ratio and the system rms symmetrical currents in determining circuit breaker interrupting ratings. Selecting breakers with different %pf To properly size a circuit breaker for a system that has a %pf greater than or equal to 15 (X/R ratio of less than 6.59), one should simply ensure that the rms symmetrical interrupting rating of the breaker is sufficiently large enough to cover the rms symmetrical current of the system. In systems where the %pf is less than 15 (X/R ratio greater than 6.6), an adjusted rms symmetrical current must be determined by applying a multiplying factor (MF) to the systems calculated rms symmetrical current. This adjusted rms symmetrical current must then be compared to the breakers tested rms symmetrical currents. The breaker selected must have an rms symmetrical interrupting rating that is larger than the adjusted rms symmetrical current. Table 3 shows the adjusted system rms symmetrical currents at various %pf and X/R ratios at varying system rms symmetrical currents. For example, consider a system that has an rms symmetrical current of 60 kA, with %pf of 7.1 and an X/R ratio of 14. We can determine from Figure 2 or mathematical calculations that this system has an rms asymmetrical current of 90.5 kA and a peak asymmetrical current of 153 kA; however, these figures are not used in selecting the circuit breaker interrupting rating. Because the %pf is less than 15 (X/R ratio is greater than 6.6), the adjusted system rms symmetrical current must be determined. Using Table 3, one can apply the multiplication factor of 1.111 to the systems rms symmetrical current to arrive at an adjusted rms symmetrical current of 66.6 kA. A circuit breaker that has an interrupting rating greater than this value must be selected, such as the 85 kAIC Magnum DS breaker (MDS8). For further information, please consult Eatons Consulting Application Guide or visit www.eaton.com/consultants. Figure 2. Relation of X/R Ratio and Asymmetrical Multiplication Factor Based Upon: rms Asym DC 2 + rms Sym 2 with DC Value Taken at Current Peak Circuit X/R Ratio (Tan Phase) 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1 1.5 2 3 5 7 9 15 25 40 60 80 100 2.5 6 8 10 20 30 50 70 90 4 r m s
M u l t i p l i c a t i o n
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S y m m e t r i c a l P e a k
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S y m m e t r i c a l P e a k M u lt ip lic a t io n F a c to r rm s M u ltip lica tio n Factor Table 3. Adjusted rms Symmetrical Currents %pf 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.2 7.1 8.3 10.0 12.4 15.0 20.0 X/R 25.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.6 4.9 Multiplying factor (MF) 1.162 1.145 1.136 1.125 1.111 1.093 1.069 1.035 1.000 1.000 System rms symmetrical current 40,000 46,488 45,814 45,449 45,001 44,440 43,716 42,746 41,383 40,000 40,000 50,000 58,110 57,268 56,811 56,252 55,550 54,644 53,432 51,729 50,000 50,000 60,000 69,732 68,722 68,174 67,502 66,660 65,573 64,119 62,074 60,000 60,000 80,000 92,976 91,629 90,898 90,003 88,880 87,431 85,491 82,766 80,000 80,000 100,000 116,220 114,536 113,623 112,504 111,100 109,289 106,864 103,457 100,000 100,000