1

Teacher: As you begin the lesson, give a short

introduction about the topics in the
module. This module will be about the
countries listed below.
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
Vietnam
Thailand
Cambodia
Myanmar
Laos
Content Standard:
The Learner Should
Sub-topics
Vocal Music
Instrumental Music
Cultural Context (istory and
Traditions!
Composition
"ocial #unctions
$er%ormance "tyles&Techni'ues
demonstrate understanding o% musical elements and processes by synthesi(ing
and applying prior )nowledge and s)ills
demonstrate understanding o% salient %eatures o% "outheast Asian music by
correlating musical elements and processes to our native %orms
Perormance Standard:
The Learner!!!per%orms examples o% "outheast Asian music, alone and with
others, in appropriate tone, pitch, rhythm, expression and style
"
Introduction
It#s more un in the Philippines$ These words
remind us o% our wonder%ul experience in studying $hilippine
music in our *rade + lessons. Truly we should be proud to
be $inoy %or having a very rich culture especially in music
and arts.
,e will now move on to our %riendly neighbours in
"outheast Asia. Music in this Asian region is similar to our
very own music. In this module you will %ind di%%erent
activities where you can learn and show your understanding
o% the basic concepts and principles o% "outheast Asian
music. -ou will also discover how people %rom the
"outheast Asian countries express their %eelings towards
each other, towards the environment, their history and
belie%s through vocal or instrumental music o% the %ollowing
countries.
%
T&'C(&): .xplain the
*+,&CTIV&S -*) T(& L&SS*.:
ob/ectives %or this 'uarter.
't the end o this module/ you as a learner are e0pected to!!!
listen&describe&compare the music o% "outheast Asia
sing&play&improvise using the music o% "outheast Asia
analy(e examples o% "outheast Asian music and describes how
the musical elements are used
relate "outheast Asian music in the lives o% the people
explain the distinguishing characteristics o% representative
"outheast Asian music in relation to history and culture o% the area
per%orm available instruments %rom "outheast Asia, alone and&or
with others.
improvise simple rhythmic&harmonic accompaniments to selected
"outheast Asian music
explore ways o% producing sounds on a variety o% sources that
would simulate instruments being studied
evaluate the 'uality o% your own and others0 per%ormances and
improvisations o% "outheast Asian music using developed criteria
1
P)&-'SS&SSM&.T
+eore 2e ormally begin our lesson/ let#s 3nd out i you 4no2
something about the Southeast 'sian countries! 5p ne0t are a e2
acti6ities that 2ill assess 2hat you 4no2/ 2hat you can do/ and 2hat
else you need to learn to achie6e your targets or this module!
're you ready7
Let#s tra6el$$$
.o2/ 2ouldn#t it be un to 6isit di8erent places7 In Southeast
'sia/ there are ele6en countries to 6isit! I you are gi6en a chance to
6isit these countries/ 2hich one 2ill you 6isit 3rst7 9hy7
In your noteboo4/ ma4e a list o Southeast 'sian countries you
2ant to 6isit! 'rrange it according to your top priorities do2n to the
least and 2rite the reason 2hy you chose to arrange it in that 2ay!
5se the map to guide you in e0ploring Southeast 'sia!
T&'C(&): .xplain the
reason %or a $re1assessment
and how they should answer
the activity.
:
;
,hen you travel especially in a %oreign country, you
need to have an idea about their culture. -ou need
to )now what )ind o% %ood they have, their mode o%
transportation, type o% clothes to wear, important
sights or places to visit, the religion, music and so
many other things.
,hy do you need to )now about the country0s
culture be%ore travelling2 .ach country has its
distinct characteristics and )nowing about them
helps you adapt and cope with their culture.
3ne way o% learning culture is through their music.
Are you ready to learn "outheast Asian culture
through music2
4et0s start5
,e0ll be discussing music in 6 categories7 Vocal
and Instrumental.
It0s time to %ind out i% you0re %amiliar with any o% the
"outheast Asian music.
T&'C(&): #ind out i% the students )now
the di%%erence o% Vocal music %rom
Instrumental music. Their answers may be
written in a sheet o% paper and discussed
+! Vocal < Instrumental music:
in the class.
Can you recall the di%%erence o% Vocal music %rom Instrumental music2 ,rite their
di%%erences.
8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
=
,ere you able to identi%y the di%%erence o% Vocal music %rom
Instrumental music2 Vocal music is music made speci%ically
%or voices. It may be per%ormed with or without instruments
while Instrumental music is made solely %or instruments. In
the next activity, you will %ind out i% your answer above is
correct.
C! Vocal Music
The songs listed below belong to the di%%erent countries in "outheast Asia. Chec) the
box beside the songs that are %amiliar to you.
T&'C(&): In this activity, you can chec)
9urung :a)a Tua
;asa "ayang
Chan Mali Chan
;u Con
9ahay :ubo
4oi 4oi :rathong
which songs should be taught and i% they
have any idea in singing Asian songs.
-ou may also as) some students to sing
the songs that they )now so that you can
chec) which students are good in singing.
Can you sing any o% these
songs2 <o need to worry i%
you don0t )now all o% them.
,e /ust want to see i%
you0re %amiliar with any
"outheast Asian songs.
Maybe you )now any o% the
instruments on the next
page. 4et0s chec) them out5
>
T&'C(&): Chec) i% they can classi%y the
instruments according to ornbostel1"achs
C! Instrumental Music
classi%ication which they have learned %rom
*rade +. Answers are written here %or you.
Are you %amiliar with the instruments below2 4oo) at the
pictures and try to guess its name and its country o%
origin. I% you cannot guess the name and its origin, you
can also identi%y how it is played. Try to remember the
ornbostel1"achs classi%ication o% instruments that you
learned in *rade +. Is it an aerophone, chordophone,
idiophone, membranophone or an electrophone2 $ut a
=smiley> %ace ( ! beside the instrument to indicate i% you
thin) you can play it.
?. chordophone - ?hhim 6. membranophone - S4or
@.idiophone - 'ng4lung A. idiophone<s - @amelan < @ongs
A
B. aerophone- ?hene C. idiophone- 4ayu B2ooden 0ylophoneC
+. aerophone - 4haen D. membranophone - BsamphorC
E.idiophone - chhing ?F. chordophone - dannyuget
1D
ow many instruments were you able to name2 ,ere you able to guess
how they sound and how they are played2 -ou can chec) your answers as we go on
with the lessons. The instruments above will be discussed later on.
<ow, based on your answers in the pre1assessment activities, what do you
thin) should you learn about "outheast Asian music2
,rite your speci%ic goals in your noteboo) %ollowing the guide below.
At the end o% this module,
I would li)e to )now about 8888888888888888888888888888888888
I would li)e to be able to 88888888888888888888888888888888888
I would li)e to understand 8888888888888888888888888888888888
I would li)e to per%orm 8888888888888888888888888888888888888
T&'C(&): "tudents should write speci%ic goals %or
each statement.
?
st
statement 1 )nowledge
6
nd
statement 1 s)ills
@
rd
statement 1 understanding
A
th
statement 1 per%ormance or product trans%er
*ood /ob5 -ou0re done writing your goals %or
this 'uarter.
It0s time to %ormally start our lessons. As we
move along, try to loo) bac) at your pre1assessment
activities and chec) i% you were able to learn the
things that you were not able to answer be%ore. Turn
to the next page5
11
Part I! 9hat to ?.*9
This part o% the module will provide you a little
tour o% "outheast Asia. It is very important %or you to
learn the historical bac)ground and basic concepts
that you will need as you go on with the lessons.
3ur discussion will %ocus on the vocal and
instrumental music o% "outheast Asian countries
particularly in Cambodia, Indonesia, 4aos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, "ingapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
T&'C(&): "tart discussing each
country with a bac)ground on their
culture. Then discuss the vocal and
instrumental ensemble %ound in the
country.
'.@?*) 9'T
Cambodia
Cambodia is one o% the
beauti%ul countries in "outheast
Asia. It is also )nown as
:GmpHchIa. It was the center o%
the :hmer (Cambodian! )ingdom
o% Ang)or, a great empire that
dominated "outheast Asia %or CFF
years. Their music gained a world1
wide reputation in the ?ECFs until
the dramatic political problems in
Cambodia.
'rt music is highly in%luenced
by ancient %orms as well as
indu %orms.
Cambodian court music is roughly similar to that o% Java, Indonesia. i.e choruses
with large orchestras based on struc) )eys and gongs.
Cambodian people also absorbed and adopted Indian, Chinese, .uropean and other
cultures to suit their own traditions and tastes that resulted in a distinct Cambodian
culture.
1"
The Pinpeat is a Cambodian musical ensemble or an orchestra that usually
accompanies ceremonial music o% the royal courts and temples. Music is always part o%
their court dances, mas)ed plays, shadow plays, and religious ceremonies. This group
is similar to the Piphat ensemble o% Thailand and usually consists o% nine or ten
instruments.
T(& PI.P&'T
*.&'T 1 xylophones
S'MP(*) 1 a
double1headed
drum played with
hands
(membranophone!
(idiophone!
C((I.@ 1 %inger
cymbals (idiophone! ?*.@V*.@ - gong
circles (idiophone!
S?*)T(*M 1 two big drums similar
to Japanese (membranophone!
T&'C(&)-'SSIST&E 'CTIVITF:
T&'C(&): Assist the
students in watching and
process it with the 'uestions.
I% you have access to the internet, visit www.youtube.com and type in the lin)
below to watch video clips o% $in peat. I% in case you don0t have internet access, as) your
teacher to lend you a CK copy o% the $inpeat ensemble per%ormances ta)en %rom the
website. A%ter watching, answer the 'uestions %ound on the next page. ,rite your
answers in your noteboo).
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vL6t-a1<Cc:*- http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLVxBV(phVx;s
1%
G5&STI*.S:
?. In @1B sentences, describe how the $inpeat musicians play their instruments.
6. ow many instrument players were needed to %orm the $inpeat2
@. Are their instruments made o% wood or metal2
-ou can also visit the %ollowing web pages %or additional re%erence7
http7&&www.istov.de&htmls&cambodia&cambodia8start.html
http7&&en.wi)ipedia.org&wi)i&Cambodian8music
http7&&www.)eosambathmusic.com&index.htm
I% Cambodia has the $inpeat ensemble, do
other "outheast Asian Countries have their
own musical ensembles2 4et0s %ind out5
Indonesia
T&'C(&):
Muestions may be
answered in their
noteboo)s or on a
sheet o% paper.
It is an archipelago in "outheast
Asia comprising approximately ?+,BFF
islands. ,ith over 6@D million people,
Indonesia is the worldNs %ourth most
populous country and is the %ourth biggest
nation o% the world. Through interaction
with other culture such as Indian, Arabic,
Chinese and .uropean, a wide range o%
musical style has been developed. Today
the contemporary music o% Indonesia is
+*)*+5E5)
popular not only in the region but also in
the neighboring countries.
T&'C(&): *ive
samples o% B1tone and
+1tone scales %or the
There are two basic )inds o% Indonesian music scale7
o Slendro 1 %ive (B! eHuidistant tones in octave
o PeloH 1 (eptatonic (+ tone! scale with semi tone
countries. "how them
with the use o% piano
)eyboard or videos.
9oth vocal and instrumental music in Indonesia use slendro and peloH scales.
$olyphonic strati%ication )ind o% melody is a result o% hoc4et<Interloc4.
Interloc4ing is common techni'ue used in gong ensembles
Irama 1 is an Indonesian term %or tempo
11
Vocal music is used as ornamentation o% the *amelan. It is as important as gamelan.
?. Pesindhen is a %emale soloist singer who sings with a *amelan
6. @erong re%ers to the unison male chorus that sings with the gamelan
@amelan
The *amelan or *amelan
orchestra is the most popular %orm
o% music in Indonesia. There are
many types o% *amelan but the
%amous Javanese and 9alinese
*amelan are the most %amous. It
contains a variety o% instruments
such as metallophones,
xylophones, )endang and gongsO
bamboo %lutes, bowed and
pluc)ed strings.
T&'C(&): "how samples o% the
per%ormances %or Vocal P
Instrumental music. Videos are
available through youtube or in the
)emember: CK.
I?ara2itanJ is the term %or every )ind o%
*amelan music in Java.
@amelan orchestras - are used to accompany
dances, songs and ,ayang
:ulit
- Are believed to possess a
supernatural powers
- Its instruments are sacred
there%ore stepping over the
instrument is a sign o%
disrespect
- Musicians bow be%ore
playing the instruments to
show respect
1:
-ou0re probably wondering how you can
distinguish the Javanese gamelan %rom the 9alinese
gamelan. #ollow the lin)s below each TV screen icon.
,atch and listen how they play.
P')T.&) 'CTIVITF:
A%ter watching&listening to the Javanese and
9alinese gamelan, write down your description o% each
musical ensemble in a sheet o% paper. -ou may use the
guide 'uestions below. As soon as you0ve %inished
answering, compare your answers with your partner. Chec) i%
you have the same description.
The @amelan Music o Indonesia The +alinese @amelan
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLc?AiCTJEtDg http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vL9mlAQxhaD$w
The ,a6anese @amelan
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vL%r3"J;Cs%M
T&'C(&): Assist the students
in accessing video materials %or
this activity. Their answers
should be aligned to the chart
on the next page.
G5&STI*.S:
?. In @1B sentences, describe how the Javanese and 9alinese musicians play their
instruments.
6. ow many instrument players were needed to %orm each ensemble2
@. Are their instruments made o% wood or metal2
1;
Are your answers in the previous activity similar to the chart below2
,a6anese @amelan
Rsed %or court music
$ercussion dominated
"tyle o% playing gives solemn
character
+alinese @amelan
Rsed %or sacred music
Consist o% idiophone and mostly
(metal! gongs
"udden change o% tempo and
dynamics are the basic characteristic.
"ounds are very bright and brilliant
Rse o% %ast and rattling sounds o%
cymbals ma)es distinctive characters
"o, Cambodia has the Pinpeat ensemble while
Indonesia has the ,a6anese and +alinese gamelans.
owever, the Indonesian gamelans have singers
per%orming with them. Ko other "outheast Asian countries
have singers as well as their musical ensembles2 4et0s
read on.
Myanmar
Myanmar was )nown as
9urma until ?EDEO the country0s name
was o%%icially changed by the military
government that too) over in ?EDD.
.arly civili(ation in Myanmar dates
bac) to the ?
st
century with
archaeological evidences o% the $yu
:ingdoms o% Thaye)hittaya ("ri
:setra!, 9eithano (Visnu! and anlin.
SC(9&E'@*
The music o Myanmar (or
9urma! has similarities with many
other musical traditions in the region, including Chinese music and Thai music probably
because its longest land border is shared with China.
The (saing 9aing is Myanmar0s traditional %ol) music ensemble. It is made up
mainly o% di%%erent gongs and drums as well as other instruments depending on the
nature o% the per%ormance.
1=
Myanmar0s musical instruments are categori(ed into 6 types, the loud sounding
and sot sounding! The loud sounding instruments are per%ormed in open1air
ensembles at ceremonies and %estivals. Most o% the (saing 9aing instruments belong to
the loud sounding category.
3ther instruments in the (saing 9aing may be the7
maung
hne (a double
reed pipe!
pat
2aing (a
set o% 6?
drums in a
circle!
chau4 lon
pat (a set o%
D tuned
drums!
4yi 2aing (small
hsaing (larger
bron(e gongs in a
rectangular %rame!
bron(e gongs in a
<ot shown in the picture is
the siand 2a (bell and
clapper!
T&'C(&): *ive samples video o%
the (saing 9aing and Saung
@au4. "how a picture o% the siand
2a!
1>
#or more %ormal and classical per%ormances that are per%ormed indoors, the
ensemble may be accompanied by the saung gau4 (?@1string angular harp with so%t
sound and is considered the national instrument o% Myanmar!, the pattala B9urmese
xylophone!, or the piano and violin, both introduced during colonial rule.
S'5.@ @'5?
Myanmar (arp
Can you imagine how it is made o%2
Its body is made o% padau4, the
%amous Myanmar mahogany, the %lat bar is
made o% cutch 2ood, it is covered with the
leather o% a emale deer and the strings
are made o% sil4.
Myanmar not only has their musical ensembles but they also have an extensive
collection o% classical songs called the Mahagita. These songs are divided into di%%erent
types li)e the oldest repertoires, royal court music, songs o% longing, horses0 dance
songs, worship songs %or 9urmese spirits, songs o% sorrow and music adapted %rom
Ayutthaya and the Mon people. The saung gau4 usually accompanies these songs.
1A
Malaysia
Malaysia is a constitutional
monarchy in "outheast Asia. It is
divided into two regions7
?. 9est Malaysia 1 also
)nown as $eninsular Malaysia
"! &ast Malaysia
It consists o% thirteen states
and three %ederal territories.
Chinese and Indian cultural
in%luences made their mar) when
P'('.@ ST'T& M*SG5&
trade began in the country.
Trading also increased with
immigrants %loc)ed to Malaysia.
The country is multi1ethnic and multi1cultural, which plays a large role in
developing their culture. The constitution declares Islam the state religion while
protecting %reedom o% religion.
Multi-racial groups that inKuenced Malaysia#s music genre:
?. Malay B. Kaya)
6. Chinese C. :ada(andusun
@. Indian +. .urasians
A. Iban D. 3ther groups
Malaysian music is largely based around percussion instruments. It has
multicultural in%luence and is believed to have originated in the :elantan1$attani region
with a mixture o% India, China, Thailand and Indonesian in%luences.
Music o% Malaysia may be categori(ed into two types7
1! Classical and -ol4 music emerged during the pre1colonial period and still
exists in the %orm o% vocal, dance and theatrical music.
"! Syncretic Bor 'cculturated music! is developed during the post1$ortuguese
period (?Cth century!. It contains elements %rom both local music and %oreign
elements o% Arabian, $ersian, Indian, Chinese and ,estern musical and
theatrical sources.
"D
Malaysian Musical Instruments
Musical instruments o% Malaysia are greatly associated with their culture and
roots. Kue to coloni(ation, the stages o% development o% Malaysian instruments are
great. At %irst, it shares some common %eatures with Indian musical instruments. A%ter
coloni(ation o% Malaysia by the 9ritish, the musical development is being in%luenced by
,estern music.
Musical ensembles and types o perormances in Malaysia:
1! 'gung and ?ulintang
It is a gong1based musical ensemble commonly used in %unerals and weddings in
.ast Malaysia. This type o% ensemble is similar to the )ulintang o% the $hilippines,
9runei and Indonesia.
T&'C(&): 4et the students
listen to sample videos or
music o% the vocal and
instrumental ensembles in
all the "outheast Asian
countries. ;elate $hilippine
instruments to other Asian
instruments.
http:<<222!themalaysiantimes!com!my<7pL:%"1>
"! ?erto4
A musical ensemble %rom the Malay $eninsula that consists o% xylophones
played swi%tly and rhythmically in traditional Malay %unctions.
http:<<pelancongan-terengganu!blogspot!com<"D1D<DA<per4ampungan-budaya!html
"1
%! Ei4ir +arat
It is a type o% musical %orm that is important to Malaysia0s national culture.
It is per%ormed by singing in groups and o%ten in a competitive manner usually
with percussion instrumental accompaniment or sometimes without instruments
at all.
http:<<222!ageotostoc4!com<en<Stoc4-Images<)ights-Managed<PIL-MD1>1D=;1
1! Silat Melayu
This is a %orm o% martial art that is similar to t#ai chi! It originated in the
Malay $eninsula since the Christian .ra and is a mixture o% martial arts, dance
and music usually accompanied by gongs, drums and Indian oboes.
http:<<222!Kic4r!com<photos<isham<"D=";>>1;;<
""
"o %ar, Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar and
Malaysia have instrumental ensembles and vocal
music.
ave you noticed that these musical per%ormances
are used in di%%erent manners in their culture2 They
have a speci%ic type o% music %or %estivals, religious
events, weddings, %unerals, etc.
Ko you thin) the other countries have this too2 Ko
they use instrumental and vocal music %or their
cultural or religious events2
4et0s )eep on reading.
Thailand
#ormerly )nown as "iam, Thailand
is )nown %or being the sole nation in
"outheast Asia that has never been
ruled by a ,estern power. It is %or this
reason that the country is also called
=Muang Thai,> which means =4and o%
the #ree.> istory and geography
indicates that Thai music is a
conglomeration o% Asian in%luences. Its
musical principles and elements are
basically derived %rom Chinese music,
while its musical instruments are
inspired %rom the Indian and
Indonesian strings and gong1chimes.
'F5TT('F' )5I.S
The Thais combined and adapted them to their culture and created their own uni'ue
music.
Music is theoretically based on the 36e-tone or se6en-tone scale system. It is
not con%ined only to the royal courts but is used extensively in dance, theatre and in
ceremonies.
Thai %ol) music consists o% simple songs with simple melodic lines. Its main %ocus
in singing is the articulation o% the text rather than in the style or techni'ue o% execution.
"%
"ongs o% Thailand have inherently poetic lyrics which allow a singer or per%ormer to
easily de%ine the melodic lines. It provides the singer the opportunity to improvise song text
to suit the given occasion. The interpretation o% a singer gives meaning to the sacred and
spiritual essence o% songs with %ree rhythm while melodies may either be interpreted or
written in the high or low register with long or short durations.
Thailand has @ primary instrumental ensembles that are similar to the other
ensembles in "outheast Asia.
1! Piphat 1 It is a mid1si(ed orchestra that is per%ormed in either outdoor style with
hard mallets or indoor style with padded mallets. This ensemble has di%%erent
types but the highly ornate one is traditionally associated %unerals and cremation
ceremonies. 3ther versions o% the piphat ensemble are used to accompany
speci%ic %orms o% traditional Thai drama such as the large shadow puppet theater
(nang yai! and the )hon dance drama.
www.piano%ortephilia.blogspot.com
"! ?hrueang Sai 1 It is an orchestra that combines some o% the percussion and
wind instruments o% the $iphat with and expanded string section. This group is
primarily used %or indoor per%ormances and %or the accompaniment o% stic)1
puppet theater.
www.tube.+s1b.com
"1
%! Mahori 1 This ensemble is traditionally played by women in the courts o% Central
Thailand and Cambodia. 9ecause o% this instruments %or this ensemble are
historically smaller. owever, regular1si(ed instruments are used today. A
vocalist per%orming with the Mahori is usually accompanied by the so sam sai.
www.thailandmusicpro/ect.weebly.com
Laos
This country is an
independent state o% "outheast
Asia and o%%icially )nown as 4ao
$eople0s Kemocratic ;epublic. It is
%ormerly part o% the Indochinese
Rnion, also )nown as #rench
Indochina. 9at Pha That Luang/
Vientiane is one o% its %amous
landmar)s.
The classical music and
9'T P(' T('T L5'.@
dance o% 4aos is highly in%luences
by the India, Cambodia, and
Thailand.
Themes are drawn %rom indu mythology, the 9uddhist Jata)atales, and
local legends.
The royal entourage o% 4ao )ings traditionally included musicians, and a
typical orchestra improvised songs with sets o% tuned gongs, xylophones, a
bamboo %lute, and other wind instruments. The 4ao orchestra can be divided into
two categories7
?. Sep .yai - This is similar to the $iphat o% Thailand with instruments that are
strictly percussive but also integrates the use o% an oboe.
":
6. Sep .oi - It is also )nown as the Mahori o% Thailand however it incorporates
the use o% several ?hene which is a large bamboo mouth organ and is the
most popular %ol) music instrument o% 4aos.
Traditional music, called Mor lam, is largely based around the 4hene.
,ow5 It loo)s li)e most o% the countries in
"outheast Asia have a lot o% similarities in their
musical instruments and types o% music
per%ormed. Their musical in%luences are
similar to one another as well.
Isn0t it ama(ing2
4et0s see i% the last 6 countries to be discussed
have the same similarities to the other
countries.
";
Vietnam
Vietnam is o%%icially )nown as
the "ocialist ;epublic o% Vietnam.
This country is located on the
eastern coast o% the Indochinese
$eninsula.
Vietnamese music (nhSc ViTt
<am! re%ers to the ethnic music that
originated %rom the U:inhU people o%
Vietnam. This term is also used to
T(I&. M5
address the music o% any o% the
numerous ethnic minorities including
the Montagnard, Kegar, Tay, Cham,
etc.
Although Vietnam is geographically part o% "outheast Asia, ten centuries o% rule by
the Chinese to the north have made the culture much closer to #ar .ast than to its
"outheast Asian neighbors. Thus, early music theory was either based upon or adapted to
the prevailing Chinese theory, and the ma/ority o% instruments used in the royal court were
o% Chinese origin.
3n the other hand, other in%luences can be seen with the ethnic minorities, such as
the ChVm or Montagnard peoples. This is possibly due to interaction with the other
countries o% "outheast Asia. Vietnamese music shows signs o% Indian in%luences,
noticeable in improvisation preludes o% chamber music ()nown as rao in the "outh
and dao in the north! as well as usage o% onomatopoeia in drum playing.
Traditional M -ol4 Music
Vietnamese traditional music can be separated into a %ew ma/or categories,
divided predominately by the way in which they are (or were! used in the peopleNs
cultural lives.
"=
Categories o Vietnamese music:
1! Imperial court music 1 The most popular o% this )ind is the .ha nhac that was
popularly per%ormed during the Tran Kynasty to the <guyen Kynasty. This %orm
o% classical music is also per%ormed in honour o% the gods and scholars in
temples. 3ther classical music %alling into this category is the Eai .hac (=great
music>! and the Tieu .hac (=small music>! which was per%ormed as chamber
music %or the )ing.
www.vietnamonline.com
"! -ol4 music 1 This category is extremely diverse because it includes music
per%ormed both indoors and outdoors. $er%ormers o% this category are also
diverse. They may be pro%essional musicians down to the blind artists in the
streets who per%orm to earn their living. Vietnamese %ol) music are per%ormed in
di%%erent occasions depending on its sub1category li)e musical theater, streets,
%or courtship rituals, %or invo)ing spirits in ceremonies, and are sometimes
in%luenced by ,estern elements. "ome Vietnamese music only has %emale
singers and some have both male and %emale singers.
www.tuoitrenews.vn
%! )eligious and Ceremonial music 1 These are music per%ormed in religious
rituals or at %unerals.
">
Singapore
The ;epublic o% "ingapore
is an independent republic in
"outheast Asia, comprising o% ?
main island and about BF small
ad/acent islands o%% the southern
tip o% the Malay $eninsula. About
three1%ourths o% the people o%
"ingapore, )nown as
"ingaporeans, are Chinese, but
there are signi%icant Malay and
Indian minorities.
M&)LI*.
"ingapore0s cultural li%e
re%lects its coloni(ation by the
9ritish .mpire and its diverse
population. 9eing the melting pot o%
di%%erent cultures in Asia, %ol) music
o% this country re%lects the culture and traditions o% speci%ic groups.
The ethnic groups which made a prominent place in the musical world o%
"ingapore have been Chinese, Indian Malays and Tamils. 3ther minority Asian ethnic
groups which have also made a mar) in the #ol) Culture o% "ingapore are the
Cantonese, o))ien and Malay 9angwasan.
Through the years, the music industry in "ingapore grew having ,estern1
in%luenced per%ormances by the Singapore Symphony *rchestra as well as ethnic
music per%ormances mainly by the Singapore Chinese *rchestra. 3ther per%orming
groups with Malay and Indian in%luence are still prevalent until today.
That0s "outheast Asian music5 Isn0t it ama(ing how
rich their culture is2 Are you proud that our country is
part o% this Asian region2
It0s time to learn how to per%orm "outheast Asian
music5 9ut %irst, let us see i% you can describe
"outheast Asia in your own words. Ko the %ollowing
activities on your own.
"A
I.EIVIE5'L 'CTIVITF 1:
T&'C(&): "tudents will answer the %ollowing activities
IMar4 My 9ordJ
on their own or you may give similar assessment .
Eirection: In your noteboo), write words that describe "outheast Asian music
that starts with the letters spelling out "outheast Asia.
" 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
3 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
R 8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
T8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
.8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
A8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
"8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
T8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
A8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
"8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
I8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
A8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
I.EIVIE5'L 'CTIVITF ":
Eirection: 3n a sheet o% paper, write the country where the %ollowing word is
connected.
8888888888888888?. :hene
88888888888888886. <ha nhac
8888888888888888@. *amelan
8888888888888888A. $inpeat
8888888888888888B. $iphat
88888888888888888C. saing ,aing
88888888888888888+. "aung *au)
88888888888888888D. :ulintang
88888888888888888E. Mahori
88888888888888888?F. 3rchestra
*ood /ob5 -ou0ve %inished answering the
individual activities.
To )now more about "outheast Asian
per%ormances, you may %ollow the online lin)s on
the %ollowing page.
%D
Suggested online materials
)esources:
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vL?Idle;"M41o ;anad (Traditional Thai Music
Instruments!
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2<;L?PvL"ArRV4D?bQIP%eatureLendscreen
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLi*hcbyh9xWo
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vL?@C$3u-.3:A
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLIAcVualK'g.
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLlv4t+RaQ-QD
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLI'K,b<"+AAc
Laos Traditional Song
"ong sung by man o% this village. The description o% the song given to me was
UKecember is coming. "hould we get married to stay warm2>
)esources B9eb sites/ Sot2are/ etc!C:
International -ol4 Songs. (?EE+! al 4eonard
Anderson, ,illiam and $atricia Campbell. (?EEC!. Multicultural Perspecti6es in
Music &ducation/ "
nd
ed! Virginia, R"A7 M.<C.
.ugenio, Kamiana. (?EED!. Anthology o% $hilippine 4iterature. Manila7 Kela "alle
Rniversity $ress.
.ugenio, Kamiana. (6FFD!. Anthology o% $hilippine 4iterature, 6
nd
ed. Mue(on City7
Rniversity o% the $hilippines $ress.
http7&&en.wi)ipedia.org&wi)i&Music8o%8Thailand
http7&&en.wi)ipedia.org&wi)i&Music8o%8Cambodia
http7&&en.wi)ipedia.org&wi)i&Music8o%8Myanmar
http7&&en.wi)ipedia.org&wi)i&Music8o%84aos
<ow, it0s time to experience "outheast Asian music5
"ome musical ensembles in "outheast Asia have
singers per%orming with them.
;emember the songs we as)ed you about in the
$re1assessment2 4et0s see i% we can sing and
per%orm some o% the songs.
%1
Part II Process
T&'C(&) 'SSIST&E 'CTIVITF:
T&'C(&): Teach the %ollowing
songs. These may be sang
individually or by group.
Eirections: ,atch and listen to some songs %rom Indonesia and Malaysia. ,ith the
guidance o% your teacher, learn how to sing the 6 songs.
+urung ?a4a Tua:
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLiTC#"Fpg9psP%eatureLrelated
+urung ?a4atua
(9ahasa Indonesia!
9urung )a)atua
inggap di /endela
<ene) sudah tua
*iginya tinggal dua
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
9urung )a)atua
*iginya tinggal dua
<ene) sudah tua
inggap di /endela
"eperti )a)atua5
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
9urung )a)atua
The Coc4atoo
(.nglish !
The coc)atoo
"its on the window sill
My grandmother is already old
And she only has two teeth
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
9urung )a)atua
"he only has two teeth le%t
*randma is already old
"he sits on the the window sill
4i)e the coc)atoo5
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
Tredung, tredung, tredung tra la la
9urung )a)atua
%"
%%
)asa Sayang:
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2%eatureLendscreenP<;L?PvLMMn
"M+8)ssM
)asa Sayang
(Malay!
;asa sayang hey5
;asa sayang sayang hey5
ey lihat nona /auh
;asa sayang sayang hey5
9uah cempeda) di luar pagar
Ambil galah tolong /olo))an
"aya buda) baru bela/ar
:alau salah tolong tun/u))an
$ulau pandan /auh )e tengah
*unung dai) bercabang tiga
ancur badan di)andung tanah
9udi yang bai) di)enang /uga
Kua tiga )ucing berlari
Mana sama si )ucing belang
Kua tiga boleh )u cari
Mana sama abang seorang
$isang emas dibawa berlayar
Masa) sebi/i di atas peti
utang emas boleh dibayar
utang budi dibawa mati
I#6e @ot That Lo6ely -eeling
(4iteral .nglish translation!
I0ve got that loving %eeling hey5
I0ve got that loving %eeling hey5
"ee that girl in the distance
I0ve got that loving %eeling hey5
The cempeda) tree is across the %enece
$lease ta)e a stic) and po)e it down %or me
I0m /ust a new guy trying to learn
"o i% I0m wrong then please tell me
$andan island %ar in midst
,ith the three pea)ed Kai) mountain
,hile the body decomposes in earth
*ood deeds remain to be remembered
Two or three cats are running around
,ith the striped one which can vie Two
or three men woo I may
,hich o% them with you can vie
$isang emas brought on a /ourney
3ne ripens on a box
I% gold is owed, it can be repaid
9ut i% it is gratitude, it is carried to the grave
%1
%:
T&'C(&): 4et the
,ere you able to sing the 6 songs /ust li)e the
Indonesians and Malaysians2
It0s time to learn how to accompany the songs.
@)*5P 'CTIVITF:
students per%orm the
songs in class while
accompanying it with
musical instruments.
?. #orm a rhythmic instrumental ensemble using improvised
instruments or any available musical instruments that sound li)e
instruments %rom "outheast Asia. -ou may use metal discs that
sound li)e gongs, bamboo %lutes, guitars, piano )eyboards, etc.
6. $er%orm the songs again using the available instruments in your
group.
T&'C(&): This is an additional activity %or
I.EIVIE5'L 'CTIVITF:
students who would li)e to per%orm on their own.
"ing the song =9ahay :ubo> or accompany it using an improvised musical instrument.
-our accompaniment should imitate the rhythmic patterns heard in the music o%
"outheast Asia.
,hat is easier %or you, singing "outheast Asian songs or
playing improvised instruments2
In the next part, you will be able to chec) i% you have
%ully understood what "outheast Asian music is about.
4et0s see i% you can analy(e some o% the sample music.
Part III: )&-L&CT '.E 5.E&)ST'.E
T&'C(&) 'SSIST&E 'CTIVITF:
4oi 4oi *ratong is an example o% a %ol)song %rom Thailand. Visit
www.youtube.com to watch the video presentation or listen to the sample music
provided by your teacher to answer the 'uestion given below. ,rite your answers in
your noteboo).
?. Kescribe the voice 'uality.
6. ow was the music per%ormed2
@. Is the per%ormance style e%%ective in bringing about the message2
A. ow were the varied musical elements used in bringing about the message o%
the music2
T&'C(&): -ou should be able to draw the
students0 understanding o% "outheast Asian
music characteristics by describing the song
based on the 'uestions.
%;
%=
@)*5P<P'I) 9*)? 1: Rsing the music sheet and table as your guide, listen to the ways it
was per%ormed. In a cartolina or manila paper, write down the di%%erences and similarities o% the
per%orming styles as observed by your group or partner.
http7&&www.youtu http7&&www.youtube.com& http7&&www.youtube.com&wa
Characteristic be.com&watch2vL watch2vL4..eyF*8aCA
WV?:3w#?pRo P%eatureLrelated
Chan Mali Chan Chan Mali Chan
BLagu )a4yatC The Stylers B1A>"C
9ac)ground & #unction
Tempo
Meter
Tonality
Texture
#orm
tch2vL?'FCn+33d.-
Chan Mali Chan
Marsiling Chinese
*rchestra
T&'C
(&):
This
acti6it
%>
@)*5P<P'I) 9*)? ":
Kivide the class into groups. .ach group will be given %ive minutes to discuss and share
ideas about the characteristics o% Javanese and 9alinese *amelan. Rse graphic
organi(ers as illustrated below or you can ma)e your own organi(er to present your
ideas e%%ectively.
%A
I.EIVIE5'L 'CTIVITF 1:
4isten to the song =;u Con>. Analy(e the song by answering the 'uestions below. -ou
may access the music sample through http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLQ69C9r.1
dw.
Kraw and sing the scale used in the song =;u con>7
*uide Muestion7
?. ,hat scale is use in this song2 P&.T'T*.IC SC'L&
6. ,hat %eeling is being conveyed upon hearing the song2 ('PPF *) S'E7
@. ow is it similar to the #ilipino song ="a Rgoy ng Kuyan>2 IT IS ' L5LL'+F!
1D
I.EIVIE5'L 'CTIVITF ":
*amelan is very popular in Indonesia. It is similar to the :ulintang o% the $hilippines. 3n
sheet o% paper, ma)e a Kiagram that can describe both musical ensembles. Rse the
guide below.
@amelan ?ulintang
-unctions -unctions
Tuning Tuning
System System
)eligious )eligious
+elies +elies
Are you ready to share what you )now about
"outheast Asian music2
-ou may choose any o% the 6 activities that
would suit you.
P')T IV! T)'.S-&)
@)*5P 'CTIVITF: ISing it$ Mo6e it$J
3rgani(e yourselves into B groups. .ach group will be
sing ? "outheast Asian song either learned %rom class or through research. .nhance
your group per%ormance with the use o% improvised musical instruments as
accompaniments and incorporate body movements. $lease re%er to the criteria given
below. 9e%ore per%orming, brie%ly explain your answers to the 'uestions7
?. Kescribe how a musical element re%lects the culture o% each country
6. ,hat is the di%%erence between the traditional and contemporary %ol) songs o%
"outheast Asia2
11
Criteria B A @ 6 ?
Correct expression and style
Accurate rhythm
Appropriateness o% accompaniment and movements
Correct pitch
"ensitive phrasing
,ell de%ined dynamic level
Creativity
)ubrics or Eesigning an Instrument Substitute
+asic: InappropriateO Messy and incomplete materialsO "ound 'uality lac)s
similarity with that o% the original instrument..
Ee6eloping: Most materials appropriateO Kecorated but messy <eat but %ragileO
"ound 'uality somewhat similar but not exactly similar to that o% the
original instrument.
'pproaching Pro3ciency: Appropriate materialsO decorated, neatO "ound 'uality
almost similar to that o% the original instrument
Pro3cient: Appropriate and creatively modi%ied materialsO Kecorated within the
context o% the instrumentO <eat and KurableO "ound 'uality most similar to
that o% the original instrument.
T&'C(&): This activity is %or students
who want to express their learning
through non1musical ways.
I.EIVIE5'L<P'I) 'CTIVITF: I-rom scrap to cratJ
Ma)e a scrapboo) o% "outheast Asian musical instruments. Care%ully organi(e the
pictures in your scrapboo) and include a brie% description about each instrument. $lease
re%er to assessment rubric %or the criteria.
Criteria:
Scrapboo4 )ubrics
Points 1 % " 1 .arned
Assessment
Advance Approaching Keveloping 9eginner "el% Teacher
$ro%iciency
Content In%ormation is Main points "ome main Main points
complete and are covered points and are not
is enhanced but lac) details are complete
by accurate some detail missing. and are
and greatly
1"
appropriate lac)ing in
details detail
$ictures, <umber and More and Very little
photographs, types o% better visual pictorial
or other visuals are could be representati
similar device ade'uate as usedO caption on is
add to overall are caption only identi%y presentO
e%%ectiveness and label caption are
o% the rather than incomplete
scrapboo)O explain
caption are
relevant and
explanatory
"pace, Kesign "hows There is no
shapes and elements and evidence o% consideratio
colors principles use o% some n o% design
provide used are design elements
in%ormation ade'uate elements and and
themselves principles principles
and add to
the overall
e%%ectiveness
o% scrapboo)
All sources The minimum "u%%icient The list o%
are properly number&types number&types sources i%
and o% sources o% sources inade'uate
thoroughly are present are lac)ingO in
citedO the and are cited citations are number&type
number&types properly not all s and %ormat
o% sources %ormatted o% items
are exceeded properly
Theme
There is Most o% the 3nly a Con%using
wholeness in%ormation portion o% the and &or
about the relates to the in%ormation inconsistent
scrapboo)O theme o% the relates to the in%ormation
the theme is scrapboo). theme o% the
consistent The cover is scrapboo).
throughout. relevant to The cover is
The cover the contents unclear in its
clearly message.
identi%ies the
theme
3verall The All the 3nly some o% #ew o% the
e%%ective re'uirements re'uirements the assignment
1ness o% the o% the assignment re'uirement
1%
assignment assignment re'uirements s have been
have been have been are %ul%illed. met. The
exceeded. %ul%illed. The The presentation
The scrapboo) is scrapboo) as a whole
scrapboo) is neat and lac) lac)s
very creative presentable neatness neatness
and
interesting.
Summary<Synthesis<@eneraliNation
The music o% "outheast Asia have been present since 6
nd
1 @
rd
Century 9C.
Music is an important part o% their lives because they use it %or rituals, ceremonies,
courting, entertainment, etc.
Instruments in "outheast Asia can be classi%ied according to ornbostel1"achs
classi%ication. Most o% the instruments are percussive with an exception to some
aerophones and chordophones. .ach country0s musical instruments and even some
songs are somewhat similar to each other due to their history o% trading and migration.
"ongs %rom "outheast Asia commonly use pentatonic (B1tone! scales or
heptatonic (+1tone! scales.
@lossary
Any musical instrument that produces sound primarily by causing
'erophone
Chordophone
-orm
Idiophone
?ulintang
Membranophone
Meter
)asa Sayang
body o% air to vibrate
Any musical instrument that ma)es sound by way o% a vibrating
string or strings stretched between two points
The structure o% a musical composition
Any musical instrument which creates sound primarily by way o% the
instrumentNs 6ibrating by itsel.
An ancient instrumental %orm o% music composed on a row o% small,
hori(ontally1laid gongs that %unction melodically, accompanied by
larger, suspended gongs and drums.
Any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way o% a
vibrating stretched membrane
The pattern o% beats that combines to %orm musical rhythm
A song literally means Uloving %eelingU. This Malay %ol) song is
popular in Indonesia, Malaysia and "ingapore.
11
Tempo
Te0ture
Timbre
Tonality
)eerences:
The speed or pace o% a given piece.
The e%%ect o% the di%%erent components o% a piece o% music such as
melody, harmony rhythm, or the use o% di%%erent instruments.
The 'uality or color o% tone o% an instrument or voice
The relationship between the notes and chords o% a passage or wor)
that tends to establish a central note or harmony as its %ocal point.
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLiTC#"Fpg9psP%eatureLrelated
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2%eatureLendscreenP<;L?PvLMMn"M+8)ssM
http7&&cmt)@.webring.org&l&rd2ringLindoringOidL+OurlLhttpX@AX6#X6#wwwX6.mamalis
aX6.comX6#X@#pX@KB@6X6CtX@KecX6CcX@K+@
http7&&en.wi)ipedia.org&wi)i&;asa8"ayang
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLc?AiCTJEtDg
http7&&www.youtube.com& watch2vL@ve(,aMh@MF
http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vL9mlAQxhaD$w
.ncarta .ncyclopedia
<otation in Vietnamese court music
http7&&www.vnmusicologyinst.vnn.vn&english&in%ormation&bai8T)yamtrongA<CK8+8FD.htm
"hare the Music7 McMillan&Mc*raw1ill $ublishing Company <ew -or)
;u Con7http7&&www.youtube.com&watch2vLQ69C9r.1dw
1: