CHAPTER 4: PLANNING THEORY

QUESTIONNAIRE
1. A process of human thought and action based upon thought .
Answer: Planning

2. T.O.T.E stands for?
Answer: Test- Operate- Test- Exit

3. They analyze the planning components of basic individual behaviour and conclude that each
action is the result of a complex preliminary process which they called?
Answer: T.O.T.E unit

4. Who believe that planning is limited by our capacity to control future actions and outcomes?
Answer: Wildavsky

5. A British administrator, for him planning is what planners do.
Answer: Geoffrey Vickers

6. It seeks for the overall conclusions and solutions to a problem in question form.
Answer: Final Question

7. This stage has a profound effect on the quality of the final decision because it is from the range
of options that the plan will be chosen.
Answer: Alternative Development

8. This process differs from other problem solving processes such as system analysis, operation
research, and decision analysis.
Answer: Implementation

9. This stage begins when the planners have a number of alternatives they know can be
implemented.
Answer: Evaluation

10. This stage asks a question about each option that has been developed or designed.
Answer: Feasibility Analysis

11. It means choosing the option with the highest minimum expected value.
Answer: Minimax
12. One of the most difficult challenges in planning is the translation of vague, incoherent goals into
operational objectives.
Answer: Goal Articulation

13. We know too little to be certain about events and outcomes, but we have enough information to
allow us to estimate probabilities.
Answer: Risk

14. It is a central feature of planning.
Answer: Rationality

15. It is the core of planning theory.
Answer: Planning Process

16. It has adopted ideas about small group relations, organizational design and behavior,
bureaucracy, community power and decision making, government, and intergovernmental
relations.
Answer: Planning Theory

17. The process of selecting the main idea or concept of a project will be process by voting .
Answer: Election Process

18. It is the deliberate social or organizational activity of developing an optimal strategy for achieving
a desired set of goals.
Answer: Planning

19. Ones assessment of the likelihood that some event or outcome will happen.
Answer: Probability

20. The value we assign to the outcome of an action or event, may be an unquantifiable value, which
we can only compare qualitatively.
Answer: Utility

21. Covers those situations when we are sure about our preferences, available options, and their
effects.
Answer: Certainty
22-25. Give atleast 4 Models of the planning process.
Answer: Problem Diagnosis
Goal Articulation

Alternative Development
Feasibility Analysis
Evaluation
Implementation