System of Quasilinear Equations of Reaction-Diffusion

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 327
SYSTEM OF QUASILINEAR EQUATIONS OF REACTION-DIFFUSION
TASKS OF KOLMOGOROV-FISHER TYPE BIOLOGICAL
POPULATION TASK IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL CASE

D.K.Muhamediyeva
1

1
Junior researcher of the Centre for development of software products and hardware-software complexes, Tashkent,
Uzbekistan

Abstract
In this paper considered parabolic system of two quasilinear reaction-diffusion equations of Kolmogorov-Fisher type of
biological population task relation for the two-dimensional case and localization of the wave solutions of the reaction - diffusion
systems with double nonlinearity. Cross-diffusion means that spatial move of one object, described by one of the variables is due
to the diffusion of another object, described by another variable.Considered spatial analogue of the Volterra-Lotka competition
system with nonlinear power dependence of the diffusion coefficient from the population density.

Keywords: Population, system, differential equation, cross-diffusion, double nonlinearity, wave solution.
--------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Lets consider following system of two equations in partial
derivatives in two-dimensional case:

. ) , ( ) , ( ) , (
, ) , ( ) , ( ) , (
2
1
2 1 2
2
22
1
1
2 1 2
1
21
2
2
2
2
22
2
1
2
2
21 2 1
2
2
2
2 1 1
2
12
1
2
2 1 1
1
11
2
2
1
2
12
2
1
1
2
11 2 1
1
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+ =
c
c
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+ =
c
c
x
u
u u Q
x
h
x
u
u u Q
x
h
x
u
D
x
u
D u u g
t
u
x
u
u u Q
x
h
x
u
u u Q
x
h
x
u
D
x
u
D u u f
t
u
(1)

At 0
22 21 12 11
= = = = h h h h the mathematical model (1)
is a system type reaction-diffusion with diffusion coefficient
0 , 0 , 0 , 0
22 21 12 11
> > > > D D D D (at least one
0 =
ij
D ). In the case when at least one of the coefficients
(mark can be any), the system (1) is a cross-diffusion. To the
linear cross-diffusion corresponds const v u Q
ij
= ) , ( for
2 , 1 , = j i i=1,2; to the linear cross-diffusion-
const v u Q
ij
= ) , ( at least one of i and j.

Cross-diffusion means that spatial move one object,
described one of the variables is due to the diffusion of
another object, described by another variable.At the
population level simplest example is a parasite (the first
object, located within the "host" (the second object) moves
through the diffusion of the owner). The term "self-
diffusion" (diffuse, direct diffusion, ordinary diffusion)
moves individuals at the expense of the diffusion flow from
areas of high concentration, particularly in the area of low
concentration. The term "cross-diffusion" means
moving/thread one species/ substances due to the presence
of the gradient other individuals/ substances. The value of
a cross-diffusion coefficient can be positive, negative or
equal to zero. The positive coefficient of cross-diffuse
indicates that the movement of individuals takes place in the
direction of low concentrations of other species occurs in the
direction of the high concentration of other types of
individuals/ substances. In the nature system with cross-
diffusion quite common and play a significant role
especially in biophysical and biomedical systems.

Equation (1) is a generalization of the simple diffusion
model for the logistic model of population growth [1-16] of
Malthus type (
1 2 1 1
) , ( u u u f = ,
2 2 1 1
) , ( u u u f = ,
1 2 1 2
) , ( u u u f = ,
2 2 1 2
) , ( u u u f = ), Ferhulst type (
) 1 ( ) , (
2 1 2 1 1
u u u u f = , ) 1 ( ) , (
1 2 2 1 1
u u u u f = ,
) 1 ( ) , (
2 1 2 1 2
u u u u f = , ) 1 ( ) , (
1 2 2 1 2
u u u u f = ), and Allee
type ( ) 1 ( ) , (
1
2 1 2 1 1
|
u u u u f = ,
) 1 ( ) , (
2
1 2 2 1 1
|
u u u u f = , ) 1 ( ) , (
1
2 1 2 1 2
|
u u u u f = ,
) 1 ( ) , (
2
1 2 2 1 2
|
u u u u f = , 1 , 1
2 1
> > | | ) for the case

_______________________________________________________________________________________
of double nonlinear diffusion. In case, when
1 , 1
2 1
> > | | , it can be regarded as the equation of
nonlinear filtration, thermal conductivity at simultaneous
influence of the source and the absorption capacity of which
is equalrespectively to
1
2 1
,
|
u u ,
2
1 2
,
|
u u .

Lets consider the spatial analogue of Volterra-Lotka
competition system with nonlinear power dependence of the
diffusion coefficient from population density. In the case of
the simplest Volterras competitive interactions between
populations can be constructed numerically, and in some
cases analytically heterogeneous in space solutions[19].

2. LOCALIZATION OF WAVE SOLUTIONS OF
REACTION - DIFFUSION SYSTEMS WITH
DOUBLE NONLINEARITY
Lets consider in the domain Q={(t,x): 0< t < ,xeR
2
}
parabolic system of two quasilinear equations of reaction-
diffusion of Kolmogorov-Fisher typebiological population
task

( )
( )
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
, 1 ) ( ) ( ) (
, 1 ) ( ) ( ) (
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 2 2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2 1
1 2
2 1
2
2
1
2 1
1 21
1
2
2 1 1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1 1
2 12
2 1
1
2
1
1 1
2 11
1
1
|
|
u u t k
x
u
t l
x
u
t l
x
u
x
u
u D
x x
u
x
u
u D
x t
u
u u t k
x
u
t l
x
u
t l
x
u
x
u
u D
x x
u
x
u
u D
x t
u
p
m
p
m
p
m
p
m
(2)

) (
10 0 1
x u u
t
=
=
, ) (
20 0 2
x u u
t
=
=
,

which describes the process of biological populations in
nonlinear two-component environment, its diffusion
coefficient is equal
2
1
1 1
2 11
1
c
c
p
m
x
u
u D ,
2
2
1 1
2 12
1
c
c
p
m
x
u
u D ,
2
1
2 1
1 21
2
c
c
p
m
x
u
u D ,
2
2
2 1
1 22
2
c
c
p
m
x
u
u D andconvective
transfer with speed ) (t l
i
, where
2 1 2 1
, , , , | | p m m -
positive real numbers, 0 ) , , (
2 1 1 1
> = x x t u u ,
0 ) , , (
2 1 2 2
> = x x t u u -search solutions.

The Cauchy problem and boundary problems for the system
(1) in one-dimensional and multidimensional cases
investigated by many authors [15-21]

The aim of this work is the investigation of qualitative
properties of solutions of the task (2) on the basis of self-
similar analysis and numerical solutions by using the
methods of modern computer technologies, research of
methods of linearization to the convergence of iterative
process with subsequent visualization. Obtained the
estimates of solutions and emerging in this case free
boundary, that gives the chance to choose the appropriate
initial approximation [15] for each value of the numeric
parameters.

It is known that the nonlinear wave equations have solutions
in the form of diffusion waves. Under the wave is
understood self-similar solution of the equation (2)

( , ) ( ), u t x f ct x = =

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
1 2 1
, , , ) , ( x x x x x t u x t u + = = ,
,
Where constant - is a wave speed

Let's build self-similar system of equations (2) - more
simple for research system of equations.

Self-similar system of equations will construct by the
method of nonlinear splitting [15].

Replacement in (2)

) , ), ( ( ) , , (
2 1 1
) (
2 1 1
0
1
q q t
, ,
t v e x x t u
t
d k
}
=

,
, , q d l x
t
) (
1
0
1 1
}
= ,

) , ), ( ( ) , , (
2 1 2
) (
2 1 2
0
2
q q t
, ,
t v e x x t u
t
d k
}
=

,
, , q d l x
t
) (
2
0
2 2
}
= ,


_______________________________________________________________________________________
Lead (2) to the form:

| |
| |
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
+ +
+ +
, ) (
, ) (
2 1
) 2 ( ) 1 (
2
2
2
2
2
2 1
1 22
2 1
2
2
1
2 1
1 21
1
2
2 1
) 1 ( ) 2 (
1
2
1
2
2
1 1
2 12
2 1
1
2
1
1 1
2 11
1
1
2 2 1 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 1 1 1 1
v v e t k
v v
v D
v v
v D
v
v v e t k
v v
v D
v v
v D
v
t k p k m
p
m
p
m
t k m k p
p
m
p
m
| |
| |
q q q q q q t
q q q q q q t
(3)

) , (
2 1 10 0 1
q q v v
t
=
=
, ) , (
2 1 20 0 2
q q v v
t
=
=
.

If )) 1 ( ( )) 1 ( (
2 2 1 1
+ = + m p k m p k , then by
choosing
2 1 2
] ) 2 ( ) 1 [(
1 2 1
] ) 2 ( ) 1 [(
) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 1 (
) (
2 1 2 1 2 1
k p k m
e
k p k m
e
t
t k p k m t k p k m
+
=
+
=
+ +
t
,we get the following system of equations:

( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
,
, ) (
2 1 2
2
2
2
2
2 1
1 22
2 1
2
2
1
2 1
1 21
1
2
2 1 1
2
1
2
2
1 1
2 12
2 1
1
2
1
1 1
2 11
1
1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
v v t a
v v
v D
v v
v D
v
v v t a
v v
v D
v v
v D
v
b
p
m
p
m
b
p
m
p
m
|
|
t
q q q q q q t
t
q q q q q q t
(4)

where ( )
1
2 1 1 1 1
) 1 ( ) 2 (
b
k m k p k a + = , ,
) 1 ( ) 2 (
) 1 ( ) 2 (
2 1 1
2 1 1 1
1
k m k p
k m k p
b
+
+ +
=
|

( )
2
2 1 2 2 2
) 2 ( ) 1 (
b
k p k m k a + = , .
) 2 ( ) 1 (
) 2 ( ) 1 (
2 1 2
2 1 2 2
2
k p k m
k p k m
b
+
+ +
=
|

If 0 =
i
b , and const t a
i
= ) ( , 2 , 1 = i , then the system has the form:

|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
.
,
2 1 2
2
2
2
2
2 1
1 22
2 1
2
2
1
2 1
1 21
1
2
2 1 1
2
1
2
2
1 1
2 12
2 1
1
2
1
1 1
2 11
1
1
2 2 2
1 1 1
v v a
v v
v D
v v
v D
v
v v a
v v
v D
v v
v D
v
p
m
p
m
p
m
p
m
|
|
q q q q q q t
q q q q q q t

The Cauchy problem for system (4) in the case when
0
2 1
= = b b studied in [16,19] and prove the existence of
wave global solutions and blow-up solutions.

Below we will describe one way of obtaining self-similar
system for the system of equations (4). It consists in the
following. Firstly we find first the solution of a system of
ordinary differential equations

=
=
,
,
2 1 2
2
2 1 1
1
2
1
v v
t
v
v v
t
v
|
|
a
d
d
a
d
d

In the form

1
) ( ) (
0 1 1

t t v

+ = T c ,
2
) ( ) (
0 2 2

t t v

+ = T c , 0
0
> T
,
Where

_______________________________________________________________________________________

1
1
= ,
2
1
1
|
=
, 1
2
= ,
1
2
1
|
=
.

And then the solution of system (3)-(4) is sought in the form
, ) , , ( ) ( ) , , (
), , , ( ) ( ) , , (
2 1 2
2
2 1 2
2 1 1
1
2 1 1
q q t q q
q q t q q
w t v t v
w t v t v
=
=
(5)

and t t = ( ) t chosen as

1 2 1
1
1 [ ( 2) ( 1)]
1 2 1
1 2 1
( 1) ( 2)
1 1 2 1 2 1
0
1
1
( ) , 1 [ ( 2) ( 1)] 0,
1 [ ( 2) ( 1)]
( ) ( ) ( ) ln( ), 1 [ ( 2) ( 1)] 0,
( ), 2 1,
p m
m p
T if p m
p m
v t v t dt T if p m
T if p m

t
t

t t t
t
+

+ + =
= = + + =
+ = =
}

if ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 (
2 1 2 1 2 1
+ = + m p m p .

Then for
2 , 1 ), , ( = i x w
i
t
we get the following
system of equations

+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
) (
) (
2 1 2 2
2
2
2
2
2 1
1 22
2 1
2
2
1
2 1
1 21
1
2
1 2 1 1
2
1
2
2
1 1
2 12
2 1
1
2
1
1 1
2 11
1
1
2 2 2
1 1 1
w w w
w w
w D
w w
w D
w
w w w
w w
w D
w w
w D
w
p
m
p
m
p
m
p
m
|
|
q q q q q q t
q q q q q q t
, (6)

Where

1 [ ( 2) ( 1)]
1 2 1
1 2 1
1 2 1
1
( )
1 1 1 2 1
1
, 1 [ ( 2) ( 1) 0,
(1 [ ( 2) ( 1)])
, 1 [ ( 2) ( 1) 0,
p m
if p m
p m
if p m

t
+ >
+
=

+ =
(7)

2 1 2
2 1 2
2 1 2
2
(1 [ ( 2) ( 1)])
2 1 2 1 2
1
, 1 [ ( 2) ( 1)] 0,
(1 [ ( 2) ( 1)])
, 1 [ ( 2) ( 1)] 0.
p m
if p m
p m
if p m

t
+ >
+
=

+ =

Representation of system (2) in the form (5) suggests that, when t , 0
i
and

|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
2
2
2
2
2
1
1 22
2 1
2
2
1
2
1
1 21
1
2
2
1
2
2
1 1
2 12
2 1
1
2
1
1 1
2 11
1
1
2 2
1 1
q q q q q q t
q q q q q q t
w w
w D
w w
w D
w
w w
w D
w w
w D
w
p
m
p
m
p
m
p
m
(8)

Therefore, the solution of system (1) with condition (5) tends to the solution of the system (8).


_______________________________________________________________________________________
If 0 ) 1 ( ) 2 ( [ 1
1 2 1
= + m p , wave solution of system (6) has the form

) ( ) , ), ( (
2 1
q q t
i i
y t w = , q t = c , ( ) ( )
2
2
2
1
q q q + = 2 , 1 = i ,

where c- wave velocity, and taking into account that the equation for ) , , (
2 1
q q t
i
w without the younger members always has a
self-similar solution if 0 ) 1 ( ) 2 ( [ 1
1 2 1
= + m p we get the system

= + +
= + +
. 0 ) ( ) (
, 0 ) ( ) (
2 2
1 1
1 2 2 2
2 2
2
2 1
1
2 1 1 1
1 1
2
1 1
2
|
|

y y y
d
dy
c
d
dy
d
dy
y
d
d
y y y
d
dy
c
d
dy
d
dy
y
d
d
p
m
p
m

After integration (8) we get the system of nonlinear
differential equations of the first order

= +
= +
. 0
, 0
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
cy
d
dy
d
dy
y
cy
d
dy
d
dy
y
p
m
p
m

(9)

The system (9) has an approximate solution in the form

1
) (
1

= a A y ,
2
) (
2

= a B y ,

Where

) 1 )( 1 ( ) 2 (
)) 1 ( )( 1 (
2 1
2
1
1

+
=
m m p
m p p
,

) 1 )( 1 ( ) 2 (
)) 1 ( )( 1 (
2 1
2
2
2

+
=
m m p
m p p
.

and the coefficients A and B are determined from the
solution of a system of nonlinear algebraic equations
c B A
m p p
=
1 1 1
1
1
) ( ,

c B A
p m p
=
1 1 1
2
2
) ( .

Then by taking into account expressions

) , ), ( ( ) , , (
2 1 1
) (
2 1 1
0
1
q q t
, ,
t v e x x t u
t
d k
}
=

,
) , ), ( ( ) , , (
2 1 2
) (
2 1 2
0
2
q q t
, ,
t v e x x t u
t
d k
}
=

We have

1 0
1
) ) ( ( ) , , (
) (
2 1 1

, ,
t
+
}
= t c Ae x x t u
t
d k
,

2 0
2
) ) ( ( ) , , (
) (
2 1 2

, ,
t
+
}
= t c Be x x t u
t
d k
, 0 > c .

Due to the fact that

}
=
t
i i
x d l t b
0
0 ] ) ( ) ( [ q q t ,

If

}
< >
t
i i i
x d l t b x
0
0 ] ) ( ) ( [ q q t , 0 > t ,

Then

0 ) , (
1
x t u , 0 ) , (
2
x t u ,
}
< >
t
i i i
x d l t b x
0
0 ] ) ( ) ( [ q q t , 2 , 1 , 0 = > i t .

Therefore, localization condition of solutions of the system
(2) are conditions

}
<
i
dy y l
0
0 ) ( , < ) (t t for 2 , 1 , 0 = > i t . (10)

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Condition (10) is the prerequisite for the emergence of a
new effect - localizationof wave solutions of (2). If
condition (10) unfulfilled, then there is the phenomenon of
the finite velocity of propagation of a perturbation, i.e.
0 ) , ( x t u
i
at ) (t b x > , , t
,
d e t
t dy y k p m
}
}
=
+
0
) ( ) 3 (
0
1 1
) (
, and the front of arbitrarily far away, with increasing time,
since ) (t t at t .

The study of qualitative properties of the system (2) allowed
to perform numerical experiment based on the values
included in the system of numeric parameters. For this
purpose, as the initial approximation was used asymptotic
solutions. To numerical solving the task for the linearization
of system (2) has been used linearization methods of
Newton and Picard. To build self-similar system of
equationsof biological populations used the method of
nonlinear splitting [16, 19].

3. NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT
Lets construct a uniform grid to the numericalsolvingof the
task (2)

{ }, , ,..., 1 , 0 , 0 , l hn n i h ih x
i h
= = > = = e

and the temporary grit
{ } T m n j h jh t
j h
= = > = = t e , ,..., 1 , 0 , 0 ,
1 1
1
.
Replace task (2) by implicit difference scheme and receive
differential task with the error ( )
1
2
h h O + .

As is known, the main problem for the numerical solving of
nonlinear tasks, is suitable choosing initial approximation
and the linearization method of the system (2). Lets
consider the function:

( ) , ) ( ) , , (
1
1 2 1 10

v
+
= a t x x t v

( ) , ) ( ) , , (
2
2 2 1 20

v
+
= a t x x t v

Where ) ( ) (
1 1
t e t
kt
v v = and ) ( ) (
2 2
t e t
kt
v v = defined
above functions,

Notation
+
) (a means ) , 0 max( ) ( a a =
+
. These functions
have the property of finite speed of propagation of
perturbations[16,19]. Therefore, in the numerical solving of
the task (1) - (2) at
1 1
o | > as an initial approximation
proposed the function ) , , (
2 1 0
x x t v
i
, 2 , 1 = i .

Created on input language MathCad program allows you to
visually traced the evolution of the process for different
values of the parameters and data.

Numerical calculations show that in the case of arbitrary
values

0 , 0 > > | o qualitative properties of solutions do
not change. Below listed results of numerical experiments
for different values of parameters (Fig.1)

Parameter values
Results of numerical experiment
1 . 2 , 7 . 0 , 3 . 0
2 1
= = = p m m
2 , 5
1 1
= = k |
3 , 7
2 2
= = k |
3
10
= eps

time1 FRAME 1 + ( ) time2 FRAME 4 + ( ) , time1 FRAME 8 + ( ) , time2 FRAME 10 + ( ) ,

_______________________________________________________________________________________
5 . 2 , 2 . 2 , 2 . 2
2 1
= = = p m m
7 , 1
1 1
= = k |
2 , 1
2 2
= = k |
3
10
= eps

8 . 2 , 2 . 0 , 2 . 0
2 1
= = = p m m
2 , 5 . 0
1 1
= = k |
3 , 7 . 0
2 2
= = k |
3
10
= eps

Fig.1 Results of numerical experiment

4. CONCLUSIONS
It can be expected that further theoretical and experimental
studies of excitable systems with cross-diffusion will make a
significant contribution to the study of phenomena of self-
organization in all of nonlinear systems from the micro and
astrophysical systems to public social systems.

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[17] . .
-.: , 1976, 288 p.
time1 FRAME 1 + ( ) time2 FRAME 4 + ( ) , time1 FRAME 10 + ( ) , time2 FRAME 17 + ( ) ,
time1 FRAME 20 + ( ) time2 FRAME 20 + ( ) ,

_______________________________________________________________________________________
[18] ..
//
,1934, .13, 1.
[19] Aripov M., Muhammadiev J. Asymptotic behaviour
of automodel solutions for one system of quasilinear
equations of parabolic type. Buletin Stiintific-
Universitatea din Pitesti, Seria Matematica si
Informatica. N 3. 1999. pg. 19-40
[20] Aripov M.M. Muhamediyeva D.K. To the numerical
modeling of self-similar solutions of reaction-
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Journal of Engineering and Technology. Vol-02, Iss-
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