229

ksi. This example indicates that with experience the check of fan
stresses can be minimized by checking the most critical case or cases.
4.4.5 Dimensioning of the Longitudinal Reinforcement Required
for Shear. As previously explained in Sec. 3.6.1 of Report 248-2, the
resultant diagonal compression force due to the presence of shear
induces vertical and horizontal compression components which must be
balanced by vertical and horizontal tension forces. Hence, the presence
of a shear force induces not only vertical tension forces which must be
resisted by the stirrup reinforcement, but longtitudinal tension forces
as well. The area of longitudinal reinforcement required due to the
presence of shear Vn is in addition to the area required for bending and
is determined from the equilibrium condition ~ H = 0 in the truss model.
If a constant stirrup spacing "s" is used throughout the design region
zcot
a
, and a uniform compression field exists, then the horizontal
component of the diagonal compression field is located at rr.idheight of
the member (z/2). In Fig. 4.48 the equil ibrium condition for summation
of horizontal forces is applied to determine the additional
reinforcement required due to the presence of shear. If the horizontal
component of the diagonal compression field is located at mid height of
the member, then it is reasonable to assume that it will be equally
resisted between the upper and lower chords of the truss model. Hence,
the additional area of longitudinal steel due to shear Al(V) for each
chord is
(4.51 )
230
KI

}/2
FL ..
K
,-
Z cot 0(
,.t
" F
(k-k I)
0 F + F - N
H u 1.
N V cot a F
FL
n
,
u
V cot a.
A =
n
L
2 f
Y
Fig.
4
.48 Determination of the of
longitudinal reinforcement required due
to shear
Vn
Z
FL
231
where "Vn" is the nominal shear force V
u
/' = 0.85, and fy is the
yield stress of the longitudinal reinforcement forming the truss chord.
For this design example,Q' = 41.8 degrees and fy is the yield strength
of the strands used as prestressed reinforcement (fy = 259 ksi).
Therefore, the design of the longitudinal reinforcement required for
shear should be conducted at each design zone, zcotQ' = 4'-0". Table
4.18 shows the required amounts of longitudinal reinforcement to resist
shear and bending at both the top and the bottom truss chords. The
tension force due to shear, Al(V)f
y
' at the top is balanced by the
com pression force prod uced by the appl ied mom ent, and onl y where the
resultant is tension would an additional area of steel have to be
provided. As shown in Sec. 2.2.2 of Report 248-3, the presence of
compression fans where the reaction induces compression eliminates the
need for the additional area of longitudinal steel due to shear within a
distance fcotQ'(2 ft for this design example) from the centerline of
the support in the face of the member where the appl ied moment ind uces
compression. For this reason, the values computed in rows (4) and (5)
of Table 4.18 for the design zones 1-2 are evaluated at a distane of 2'
from the support centerl ine. As can be seen by the comparison of rows
(4) and (5) shown in row (6) of Table 4.18, only at the design zone 1-2
does an unbalanced tension force exist at the top face of the member.
The unbalanced tension force at the top face of the member in the design
zone 1-2 is equal to 10 kips. In the standard detailing of this
member's two 115 bars fy = 60 ksi are always provided at the top
compression face of the member. Thus, the available tension force is
232
( 1)
Design Support 2
3 4 5
Section Centerline
(2)
Di st ance from
the support 0'-0" 4'-0" 8'-0" 12'-0" 16' -0"
centerline (ft)
(3)
Design Zone 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6
(4)
Tension force of
the top face of the
member AL fy due 71 61 49 38 27
to shear (kips)
(fy' = 259 ksi)
(5)
Compression result-
ant flexure (kips) 61 108 182 227 241
(6)
Net amount of
tension force 10
(4-5) (kips)
(7)
AL(v) required at
the bottom face of
the member due to 0.29 0.24 0.19 0.15 O. 11
shear (in
2
)
( f y = 259 ksi)
( 8)
AL required at
0.49 the bottom due 0.0 0.82 1.04 1.10
to flexure
(fy' = 259 ksi)
(9)
AL required due to
shear and bending
<7 +8) (in
2
)
0.29 0.73 1.01 1.19 1.21
(10)
AL ~ r o v i e
(in ) 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.22
1.53
(f y = 259 ksi)
Table 4.18 Longitudinal reinforcement requirements