Part Page

4.2 Selection of an Appropriate Truss System. 98

4.2.1 Truss Model for a Semicontinuous Beam. 98
4.2.2 Truss Model for a Simply Supported Member
with Distributed Loading 104
4.2.3 Truss Model for the Flange Region of
Inverted T-bent Caps 105
4.2.4 Dapped-End Beams 111
4.2.5 Box Girder Bridge with Cantilever Overhang 116
4.3 Design Example of a Reinforced Concrete Rectangular
4.4
4.5
Box Beam under Combined Torsion, Bending and Shear. 121
4.3.1 Preliminary Flexure Design 123
4.3.2 Selection of an Adequate Truss System. 128
4.3.3 Evaluation of the Diagonal Compression
Stresses 136
4.3.4 Design of Transverse Reinforcement 141
4.3.5 Evaluation of the Compression Stresses in
4.3.6
4.3.7
4.3.8
4.3.9
the Fan Regions
Dimensioning of the Longitudinal Reinforcement
Required for Shear and Torsion
Detailing of the Longitudinal Reinforcement
Design of the Reinforced Concrete Box Section
Following the ACI/AASHTO Design Procedure
Detailing of the Longitudinal Flexural
Reinforcement in the ACI/AASHTO Design
Procedure
4.3.10 Comparison between the Amounts of
Reinforcement Required by the Truss Model
and the ACI/AASHTO Design Procedure
Design of a Prestressed Concrete I-Girder under
Bending and Shear
4.4.1 Selection of the Truss Model
4.4.2 Evaluation of the Diagonal Compression
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
4.4.6
4.4.7
Summary
Stresses ................. .
Design of Transverse Reinforcement
Evaluation of the Compression Stresses in the
Fan Regions . . .
Dimensioning of the Longitudinal Reinforcement
Required for Shear
Design of the Prestressed Concrete Bridge
Girder Following the ACI/AASHTO (1,2)
Design Procedure
Comparison between the Amounts of Web
Reinforcement Required by the Truss Model
and the ACI/AASHTO Design Procedure
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
viii
158
161
166
175
182
187
190
207
210
215
222
229
234
240
240
Part
5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
5.1
5.2
5.3
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations for Further Research
REF ER EN CES
ix
Page
243
243
246
248
251
Figure
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
FIG U RES
Basic actions of a beam in shear and the truss
model for beams with web reinforcement at failure
Concrete contribution in the transition range
CEB-Refined Method
Upper limit of the shear stress in the section
Additional concrete contribution in the
transition range
Upper limits for the ultimate torsional stress
acting on a cross section
2.6 Concrete contribution in the case of reinforced
concrete members
2.7 Concrete contribution in the case of prestressed
2.8
2.9
2.10
concrete members . . . .
Comparison between the upper limit for the shear
stress in a section
Definition of the term de in the effective wall
thickness be
Comparison between the upper limits of the shear
stress in the case of pure torsion
2.11 Derivation of K-factor for prestressed concrete
members
2.12 CEB-Refined and Swiss Code proposed concrete
contribution in the case of prestressed concrete
beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
2.13 ThUrlimann's suggested concrete contribution in the
transition state
2.14 Proposed concrete contribution in the uncracked and
transi tion states
2.15 Minimum amounts of web reinforcement
x
Page
8
14
15
18
20
24
26
27
29
30
45
47
48
50
71
Figure
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4. 11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
Selection of an adequate truss model in the case of
a semi continuous member
Longitudinal and transverse reinforcement
requirements as a function of the chosen angle of
inclination a . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truss model in the area of a simply supported
member with distributed loading
Simply supported inverted T-bent cap subjected to
bending and shear . . .
Truss model for the flange region of an inverted
T-bent cap loaded on the bottom flange
Longitudinal truss analogy for an inverted T-bent
cap loaded at the bottom chord ....
Dapped end beam with and without a heavy
concentrated load near the support
Truss analogies for dapped end beams
Failure due to inadequate support of the diagonal
compression strut "C" . .
Box girder bridge under combined torsion-bending-
shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Box section subjected to combined torsion and shear
Space truss analogy for span of the box girder
bridge .. . .
Actions on the reinforced concrete box beam
Calculations for flexure at midspan section of the
reinforced concrete box beam
Preliminary flexure design for the midspan region
of the reinforced concrete box beam
4.16 Box section in the case of combined shear and
torsion
xi
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99
101
106
107
108
110
112
113
115
117
118
120
122
124
125
130