Figure

4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
Determination of the direction of the shearing flows
for the box section in the case of combined shear
and torsion
Truss analogy
Typical crack patterns for beams subjected to shear
or torsion . .
Determination of the effective web width be
resisting the applied ultimate torsional moment
Dimensioning of the stirrup reinforcement required
to resist the applied shear force
Dimensioning of the stirrup reinforcement required
to resist the applied torsional moment
Compression fan at support
4.24 Determination of the additional longitudinal
reinforcement due to shear and torsion
4.25 Section for combined torsion, bending and shear at
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
4.31
4.32
4.33
midspan
Detailing of the longitudinal reinforcement
Detailing of the longitudinal reinforcement at the
support region
Detailing of the box beam
Comparison of required amounts of web reinforcement
Comparison of the additional amounts of longitudinal
reinforcement required for shear and torsion
Cross section at centerline . .
Cross section at the support
Beam strand pattern
xii
Page
132
137
138
140
143
144
159
162
168
170
176
183
188
189
192
193
194
Figure
4.34
4.35
4.36
4.37
4.38
4.39
4.40
4.41
4.42
4.43
4.44
4.45
4.46
4.47
Dead load shear and moment diagrams for the
prestressed concrete bridge girder design example
Design zones of the composite prestressed concrete
I-girder .
Live loading cases
Shear envelope for live load cases
Live load moment diagrams for each load case .
Determination of design live load shear force at
design section 1-2 . .
Design free bodies .
Design free bodies .
Design free body for zone 5-6
Dimensioning of the stirrup reinforcement required
to resist the applied shear force . . . .
Evaluation of the additional concrete contribution
Compression fan at the support . .
Evaluation of the compression stresses in the fan
region under the applied concentrated loads
Compression fan under the concentrated load for live
load case shown in Fig. 4.36c .
4.48 Determination of the additional amount of
longitudinal reinforcement required due to shear
4.49 Comparison of transverse reinforcement for bridge
girder by the space truss model and the AASHTO
specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xiii
Page
197
198
199
200
209
211
212
213
214
216
219
224
226
228
~
241
Table
2.1
2.2
TAB L E S
Evaluation of beams subjected to torsion and
bending failing in the transition state
Evaluation of the truss model procedure with test
data of beams failing in the transition state
subjected to combined torsion bending
2.3 Evaluation of beams under bending and shear failing
2.4
2.5
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.1
4.8
4.9
in the transition state
Evaluation of reinforced concrete members with light
amounts of web reinforcement under bending and shear
failing in the transition state
Evaluation of the proposed concrete contribution
with test data of prestressed concrete beams from
Re f. 34 . . .
Resultant shearing flows due to shear and torsion
at each of the walls of the box section
Evaluation of the compression stresses in the
diagonal members of the truss
Evaluation of the ultimate shearing stresses due to
shear and torsion, and the concrete contributions
Vc and Tc to the shear and torsional capacity
of the member .....
Dimensioning of web reinforcement
Evaluation of the ultimate shearing stress due to
shear and torsion, and the additional concrete
contribution Vc and Tc .
Dimensioning of web reinforcement for shear . .
Dimensioning of web reinforcement for torsion
. .
Dimensioning of web reinforcement for combined shear
and torsion . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagonal compression stresses in the fan region
xiv
.
Page
53
54
56
51
63
135
142
141
149
154
155
156
151
160
Table
4.10 Dimensioning of the longitudinal reinforcement
4.11 Dimensioning of the reinforcement required for shear
and torsion in accordance with ACI/AASHTO
4.12
4.13
4.14
requirements
Determination of dead loads
Calculated moments and shears for bridge girder
Evaluation of the compression stresses in the
diagonal members of the truss 0
4.15 Evaluation of the additional concrete contribution
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
to the shear strength of the member
Dimensioning of the web reinforcement
Diagonal compression stresses in the fan region
Longitudinal reinforcement requirements
Dimensioning of the web reinforcement for the bridge
girder following ACI/AASHTO recommendations
xv
Page
165
178
195
201
203
204
206
~
232
236