Lithium battery protection circuit

design
Composition and performance of lithium battery materials
Sino Universal Battery Co., Ltd. has been committed to the development of lithium
battery production. For the safety of lithium batteries is designed with its own model,
following on to briefly discuss lithium battery protection circuit program, we first look
at composition, lithium-ion battery performance depends on the structure of the
material lithium battery inside the material used and the performance. These
materials include a negative electrode material within the battery, an electrolyte, a
separator and a positive electrode material. Where the positive anode material
selection and quality directly determines the performance of lithium-ion batteries and
price. So cheap, high-performance positive and negative materials research has been
focused on the development of lithium-ion battery industry.
Anode material is generally used in the carbon material, the current development is
more mature. And the development of cathode materials has become an important
factor restricting further improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries, further
price reduction. In the current commercial production of lithium-ion batteries, the
cathode material cost accounts for about 40% of the cost of the battery, reducing
the price of cathode materials directly determines the reduced price of lithium-ion
batteries. For lithium-ion batteries in particular. For example, a mobile phone with a
small lithium-ion battery cathode material requires only about five grams or so, while
driving a bus with a lithium-ion battery cathode materials may require up to 500 kg.
Although theoretically can be used as a lithium-ion battery cathode material of many
species, common cathode material mainly composed of LiCoO2, charging, added to
the battery terminals of the positive potential of the compound to force the release
of lithium ions, embedded negative elements arranged in lamellar structure of carbon.
Discharge, lithium ions from the lamellar structure of carbon precipitation, and a
compound re-cathode combination. Movement of lithium ions generated current.
This is the working principle of the lithium battery.
Lithium battery charge and discharge management design
When the lithium battery charging, plus the battery cathode polarization potential
compounds to force the release of lithium ions, embedded negative carbon
molecules arranged in lamellar structure. Discharge, lithium ions from the lamellar
structure of carbon precipitation, and a compound re-cathode combination.
Movement of lithium ions generated current. Although the principle is simple, but in
the actual industrial production, the actual problem to be considered much more: a
positive electrode material of additives required to maintain the activity of repeated
charge-discharge, the negative electrode material needs to design the molecular
structure to accommodate more level number of lithium ions; filling the electrolyte
between the positive and negative electrodes, in addition to maintaining stability, but
also need to have good electrical conductivity, the internal resistance of the battery
is reduced.
Although lithium-ion batteries have all the advantages mentioned above, but it
requires the protection circuit is relatively high, in the course should strictly avoid
overcharge, over-discharge phenomenon, the discharge current is not too large, in
general, the discharge rate should not exceed 0.2C. Lithium battery charging process
is shown in Fig. In a charge cycle, the lithium-ion battery before charging starts to
be detected battery voltage and temperature, to determine whether rechargeable. If
the battery voltage or temperature exceeds the range allowed by the manufacturer is
prohibited charging. Allow the charging voltage range is: each cell 2.5V ~ 4.2V.
In the case of the battery is deeply discharged, must require charger has a pre-
charge process, the battery condition to meet the fast charge; then, according to the
manufacturer's recommended battery fast charging speed, usually 1C, constant
current charging the battery charger, the battery voltage to rise slowly; Once the
battery voltage reaches the end voltage is set (usually 4.1V or 4.2V), the termination
of the constant current charging, the charging current decreases quickly charged into
the process of full charge; in the process of full charge, the charge current gradually
decay until the charging rate is reduced to C / 10 following a timeout or when full
charge time, into the top off charge; tip off when charging, the charger with a
minimum charge current to the battery to replenish their energy. Top off the
charging period of time, turn off the charge.
Lithium battery protection circuit design
Due to the chemical properties of lithium-ion batteries, in normal use, its internal
chemical energy into electrical energy and chemical reactions at each other, but
under certain conditions, such as its overcharge, over-discharge and over-current will
cause the battery Vice internal chemical reactions, after aggravate the side effects, it
will seriously affect battery performance and service life, and may produce large
amounts of gas, the battery internal pressure increases rapidly after the explosion
caused by security problems, so all of the lithium-ion batteries are needed a
protection circuit for battery charge and discharge status effective monitoring and
shutdown charge under certain conditions, the discharge circuit to prevent damage
to the battery.
Lithium-ion battery protection circuit includes overcharge protection, over current /
short circuit protection and over-discharge protection, overcharge protection requires
high precision, protect low IC power consumption, high-voltage and zero-volt
rechargeable other characteristics. The following article will detail these three
principles of the protection circuit, the new features and functionality requirements
of engineers to design and develop a protection circuit with a reference value.
Lithium battery protection circuit design case Share
Lithium battery for power supply circuit design, requires increasingly complex mixed-
signal system integrated into a small area of the chip, which is bound to the digital,
analog circuit proposed low-voltage, low-power consumption. In the restricted power
and function, how to get the best design but also the current power management
technology (PowerManagement, PM) is a research hotspot. On the other hand, the
application of lithium batteries also greatly promoted the design and development of
appropriate battery management, battery protection circuit. Lithium battery must
have the application of complex control circuits to prevent overcharge, over-
discharge and over-current condition.
Energy transition from electric bike trend discusses the use of ultra-low-power, high-
performance lithium battery electric bicycle design MSP430F20X3 charge and
discharge protection circuit program. The program from the system architecture,
charge and discharge circuit, the whole process of detection and protection circuit
design discussed every detail designed for electric bicycle power designers with a
more comprehensive reference.
More lithium professional information, visit:

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