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ITBS/TAP: ISAT:
Perform computations involving fractions Perform computations involving fractions
Unit Focus/Foci
Fractions
Instructional Focus/Foci
Materials
Warm-up Activity:
Rewrite the following whole numbers and mixed numbers as improper fractions.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
1 2 3
4= 3 4 9= 6
8 5 3 2 4
Rewrite the following improper fractions as whole numbers and mixed numbers.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
20 18 22 30 33
4 5 7 6 10
200
Review the answers with students.
32 16 14 18 27
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
8 5 3 2 4
3 1 3
6. 5 7. 3 8. 3 9. 5 10. 3
5 7 10
Lesson:
Multiplying fractions
1 3
Write × on the chalkboard.
2 6
Step 1: Multiply the numerators. Ask students what the product is. (3)
1 3 3
× =
2 6
Step 2: Multiply the denominators. Ask students what the product is. (12)
1 3 3
× =
2 6 12
Step 3: Simplify the answer. Divide the numerator and denominator evenly by a number other
than 1.
1 3 3 1
× = =
2 6 12 4
2 1 3 4 1 1
Repeat this process for × and × .
5 4 4 6 10, 2
201
Multiply fractions and whole numbers
1
Write 4 × on the chalkboard.
2
Step 1: Have students rewrite the problem, changing the whole number to an improper fraction.
Review the procedure for this.
1 4 1
4× = ×
2 1 2
× 2 and × 6 . 1 × 4
4 2 3
Repeat this process for
5 3 5
1 1
Write 2 × on the board.
10 2
Step 1: Instruct students to rewrite the problem changing the mixed number to an improper
fraction. Review the procedure for this
1 1 21 1
2 × = ×
10 2 10 2
202
Step 4: Simplify the answer.
12 2 1 12 6 1
= 1 = 1 or = =1
10 10 5 10 5 5
2 2 1 1 22 5
Repeat this process for 1 × and 4 × . ( )
9 3 6 5 27, 6
Ten Statements
Review the ten statements and have students write yes if they heard it in today’s lesson and no if
they did not. If the answer is no, say: The statement is true, but it was not heard in today’s
lesson.
Free-Choice Lesson
Have students choose a lesson from the Free-Choice Activity sheet (one box per day).
Six-Group Activity
Have a group of students, two from each ability level, complete an activity on Multiplying short
cut as a teacher-directed activity.
Math Workshop
Have students work in the Math Workshop after completing their Free-Choice Lesson.
203
Connection(s)
Enrichment:
Fine Arts:
Home:
Technology:
Assessment
Homework
Assign students to make up the following: problems for multiplying fractions times fractions;
problems for multiplying a fraction times a whole number and (2) problems for multiplying a
mixed number times a fraction. Tell them to solve each problem.
Teacher Notes
204
Six-Group Activity
Materials:
Prepare the following index cards using the black marker to write the problems on the front of
the cards and use the pencil to write the answers on the back of the cards. Do not write the final
answer; just write the shortcut steps.
2 3 7 4 1 5 12 12 4 3
× × × × ×
6 4 8 5 5 6 24 13 6 8
9 5 2 7 3 3 5 2 3 2
× × × × ×
10 6 7 8 9 4 10 4 8 6
3 1 2 3 2 1 4 11 5 5
× × × × ×
6 3 12 6 6 4 11 12 15 6
Answers
1
2/ 3/ 1
7 4/ 1
1 5/ 1
12 121 1
4/ 3/ 1
× × × × ×
26/ 4/ 2 / 5
28 / 6
15 2 24 13 26/ 8/ 2
3
9/ 5/ 1 1
2/ 7/ 1 3 3/ 1 5 2/ 1 1
3/ 2/ 1
× × × × ×
2 10 6/ 2 17/ 8/ 4 39
/ 4 5 10 4 48/ 6/ 2
1
3/ 1 1
2/ 3/ 1 1
2/ 1 1
4 111 5 51
× × × × ×
6 3/ 1 4 12 6/ 3 6 4/ 2 111 12 3 3 15 6
When you lay an index card on the table, explain that the students are going to look at the
problem to see if they can use a shortcut to multiply the fractions. If so, they are going to
complete the shortcut without giving the solution.
205
7 11
Example: ×
22 14
1
7/ 11
Step 1: Cancel 7 and 14 by 7. ×
22 142
7 ÷ 7 = 1 and 14 ÷ 7 = 2 .
Cross out the 7 and 14.
1
7/ 111
Step 2. Cancel 11 and 22 by 11. ×
2 22 14 2
11 ÷ 11 = 1 and 22 ÷ 11 = 2 .
Cross out the 11 and 22.
Step 1: Look at the problem as if you were looking at the letter X. If the numerator of the first
fraction and the denominator of the second fraction can divide into one or the other evenly, cross
them out.
1
3/ 5
Example: × (9 divided by 3 = 3)
5 9/ 3
Cross both 3 and 9 out and put a 3 under the 9 because 3 divides 9 three times. Cross out the 3
and put a 1 above it because 3 divides itself one time.
Step 2: Look at the denominator of the first fraction and the numerator of the second fraction.
Ask yourself, can they divide one or the other evenly? If the answer is yes, cross out both
numbers and divide.
206
3/ 5/ 1
1
Example: × Draw a line through both numbers and divide. 5 divides 5 one time. Now
15/ 9/ 3
1
3/ 5/ 1 1 1
you are ready to multiply. × = . The answer is .
15/ 9/ 3 3 3
Explain to the students that taking a shortcut in multiplication of fractions saves them the step of
3 5 15
reducing at the end. Example: × =
5 9 45
15 1
must be reduced or simplified to .
45 3
Review the steps with the group and write a sample problem for them to solve together. Tell the
students you want them to risk writing the answers to an activity called Shortcuts. Explain that
the rules are the same as those on the study board. Lay one card on a flat surface and give the
students one to two minutes to risk writing the steps to the shortcut, not the answer. When the
time is up, turn the card over revealing the answer, and say: The answer is…… Give the
students two or three seconds to check their answers.
207
STRUCTURED CURRICULUM LESSON PLAN
ITBS/TAP: ISAT:
Perform arithmetic operations involving Perform arithmetic operations involving
fractions fractions
Unit Focus/Foci
Fractions
Instructional Focus/Foci
Materials
Warm-up Activity:
450 45 30 70 7
4. = 5. = 6. =
100 100 10 100
208
Lesson:
Instruct students to take note in their math journals. Write all examples on the chalkboard.
Fractions and decimals can name the same number in different ways. Tell students they can
write six tenths as a fraction or a decimal. Remind students that zero is written before the
decimal point to show that the amount is less than 1 whole.
6
fraction → = 0.6 ← decimal
10
Therefore, six over ten is equivalent to zero point six.
Read the following numbers to students and have students write them as a fraction and a
4 34
decimal: four tenths and thirty-four hundredths. 0.4 and 0.34 .
10, 100,
Call on several students to go to the chalkboard. Read a number to each one of them. They must
write the number in fraction or decimal form. Call on several more students to write the other
form of each of those numbers.
Tell students that they can write fractions greater than 1 as mixed number or as a decimal.
Remind students that a mixed number is greater than 1.
6
mixed number → 1 = 1.6 ← decimal
10
Read the numbers below to students at the chalkboard and have them write them as mixed
numbers or as decimals. Call on other students to go to the board and write these same numbers
in the other form.
Ten Statements
Review the ten statements and have students write yes if they heard it in today’s lesson and no if
they did not. If the answer is no, say: The statement is true, but it was not heard in today’s
lesson.
209
6. An arc is a part of a circle or curve between two points. (no)
7. One can write eight tenths as a fraction or a decimal. (yes)
8. Zero point fifty-six is equivalent to fifty-six over one hundred. (yes)
9. A degree is a unit used to measure angles. (no)
10. Write a zero before the decimal point to show the amount is less than 1 whole. (yes)
Free-Choice Lesson
Have students choose a lesson from the Free-Choice Activity sheet (one box per day).
Six-Group Activity
Have a group of students, two from each ability level, complete an activity on Place Value as a
teacher-directed activity.
Math Workshop
Have students work in the Math Workshop after completing their Free-Choice Lesson.
SS: Read and interpret maps, charts, tables, graphs and cartoons
Sequence information, especially using timelines
Select appropriate information for intended purpose
Connection(s)
Enrichment:
Fine Arts:
Home:
Technology:
210
Assessment
Homework
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
3 75 9 9 3
= _____ 3 = ____ = ____ 1 = _____ 2 = ____
10 100 100 10 100
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
7.57 = _____ 0.2=_____ 8.7=_____ 0.05=_____ 0.89=_____
Teacher Notes
1. 2. 3.
100 80 20
4. 5. 6.
10 3 10
211
Six-Group Activity
Materials:
Prepare the following index cards using the black marker to write the problems on the front of
the cards. Use the pencil to write the answers on the back of the cards.
Answers:
D A F B C
E G K H J
Make a copy of this study board to use when reteaching this lesson.
212
Place Value
In our base-ten system, each place is 10 times greater than the value of the place to its right.
1
Conversely each place is also of the value of the place to its left. You can extend a place-
10
value chart to include place values less than 1.
4 5 7 2 . 6 9 4
Word Form: Four thousand, five hundred seventy-two and six hundred ninety-four thousandths
0.5 = 5 tenths
.050 = 50 hundredths
.005 = 500 thousandths
Display the number line and tell the students that when you show them a card, you want them to
identify that point on the number line. After allowing students time to write the answer, turn the
card over and say: The answer is… … Store this activity in the envelope.
213
NUMBERLINE
A B J C D E F G K H
214
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.40
STRUCTURED CURRICULUM LESSON PLAN
ITBS/TAP: ISAT:
Perform operations involving fractions Perform operations involving fractions
Unit Focus/Foci
Fractions
Instructional Focus/Foci
Materials
Warm-up Activity:
Write the fraction or mixed number and the decimal equivalent for each of the following:
Lesson:
Instruct students to take notes in their math journals. Write all examples on the chalkboard.
215
Comparing fractions and decimals.
9
Write 0.6 on the chalkboard. Ask students how they can compare these two amounts.
100
(Change the fraction to a decimal or the decimal to a fraction.) Remind students that both ways
are acceptable. Ask what the comparison symbol is called. (Chevron)
9
Example A: Change the fraction to a decimal. Have students look at and ask what the
100
9
decimal equivalent is (0.09). Write=0.09 next to .
100
9 9
=0.009<0.6 Therefore < 0.6
100 100
9
Write 0.6 on the chalkboard.
100
Example B: Change the decimal to a fraction. Have students look at 0.6 and ask what it says.
(six tenths). Ask students how to write six tenths as a fraction. Write =
6 6
next to 0.6.
10 10
Review step for comparing fractions.
9 6
0.6=
100 10
9
can not be rewritten as an equivalent fraction in tenths.
100
216
6
An equivalent fraction can be written for having a denominator of 100.
10
60 6
Write = next to the in the problem.
100 10
9 60 9
Compare the fractions. ( < ) Therefore < 0.6.
100 100 100
Ten Statements
Review the ten statements and have students write yes if they heard it in today’s lesson and no if
they did not. If the answer is no, say: The statement is true, but it was not heard in today’s
lesson.
Free-Choice Lesson
Have students choose a lesson from the Free-Choice Activity sheet (one box per day).
Six-Group Activity
Have a group of students, two from each ability level, complete an activity on Comparing and
ordering fractions as a teacher-directed activity.
Math Workshop
Have students work in the Math Workshop after completing their Free-Choice Lesson.
SS: Read and interpret maps, charts, tables, graphs and cartoons
Sequence information, especially using timelines
Select appropriate information for intended purpose
217
Connection(s)
Enrichment:
Fine Arts:
Home:
Remediation:
Technology:
Assessment
Homework
Teacher Notes
218
Six-Group Activity
Materials:
Prepare the following index cards using the black marker to write the problems on the front of
the index cards. Use the pencil to write the answer on the back of each card.
17 83 30 52 73
= = 15 = 1 = 2 =
100 100 100 100 1,000
Answers:
64 9 45 29 3
3 4
100 10 100 100 1,000
Write each fraction or mixed number as a decimal. Write each decimal as a fraction or as a
mixed number.
Make a copy of this study board to use when reteaching this activity.
219
Comparing and Ordering Decimals and Fractions
4 5
= 0.4 ç 4 tenths 21 = 21.05 ç 21 and 5 hundredths
10 100
5 1 25 1 6 3
0.5 = è Simplest form 0.25 = è 0.6 = è
10 2 100 4 10 5
To compare a fraction and a decimal, first write both in the same form.
1
Step 1. Compare and 0.7.
2
1 5
= è 0.5
2 10
0.5 < 0.7
1
< 0.7
2
3
Compare and 0.03.
100
3
= 0.03
100
7
Compare 4 and 3.2.
10
4 > 3 so
7
4 > 3.2
10
19 142
9 7.050 0.218
1,000 1,000
Answers:
5 218
0.019 9.142 7
100 1,000
220
Tell the students that they are going to do an activity that calls for them to write fractions as
decimals and decimals as fractions. Lay a card on the table and allow students time to solve the
problem before revealing the answer by turning the card over and saying: The answer is… …
221
STRUCTURED CURRICULUM LESSON PLAN
ITBS/TAP: ISAT:
Perform arithmetic operations involving Perform arithmetic operations involving
fractions fractions
Unit Focus/Foci
Fractions
Instructional Focus/Foci
Mixed practice
Materials
Math journals
Warm-up Activity:
Using the digits 1, 2, 4 and 8, create two fractions whose sum must equal 1.
4 + 1 = 1
8 2
Lesson:
Write the problems below on the chalkboard or duplicate for the class. Allow students time to
complete them. Call on various students to explain how they solved them. This would also be a
good time to help students having any difficulties.
1. 2. 3.
1 5 5 2 7 1 1 1
× = × = 6× = 1
3 7 21 7 8 4 5 5
222
5. 3 × = 1
3 1 2
× 10 = ( 6)
1 1 1 2
4. 6. × 3 = 1
5 3 3 9 5 2 5
35 3
7. 0.27 d (〈 ) 8. d 0.75 (〈)
100 5
Solve by changing the decimals to fractions.
9. 10.
2 1
0.5 d (〉 ) d 0.2 (〉 )
10 4
Solve. Show your work.
1
11. Rene practices the piano for an hour each day. Bill practices the piano for 0.6 hour each
2
day. Who practices the longer period of time? (Bill)
7
12. Katie needs 0.6 cup nuts and cup raisins for her cookies. Which is the least amount?
10
(0.6 cup of nuts)
223
Ten Statements
Review the ten statements and have the students write yes if they heard it in today’s lesson and
no if they did not. If the answer is no, say: The statement is true, but it was not heard in today’s
lesson.
1. Before multiplying a whole number and a fraction, change the whole number to an improper
fraction. (yes)
2. When comparing a decimal and a fraction, change the fraction to a decimal or the decimal to
a fraction. (yes)
3. Area is the number of square units needed to cover a region or figure. (no)
4. A composite number has more than two factors. (no)
5. An answer is in simplest form if the numerator and denominator can only be evenly divided
by 1. (yes)
6. When multiplying fractions, multiply the numerators and then multiply the denominators.
(yes)
7. One can name the same number as a fraction and a decimal. (yes)
8. Range is the difference between the greatest and least numbers in a group of numbers. (no)
9. Five tenths can be written as five over ten or zero point five. (yes)
10. A chevron is a comparison symbol. (yes)
Free-Choice Lesson
Have students choose a lesson from the Free Choice Activity sheet (one box per day).
Six-Group Activity
Math Workshop
Have students work in the Math Workshop after completing their Free-Choice Lesson.
SS: Read and interpret maps, charts, tables, graphs and cartoons
Sequence information, especially using timelines
Select appropriate information for intended purpose
224
Connection(s)
Enrichment:
Fine Arts:
Home:
Technology:
Assessment
Homework
Teacher Notes
225
STRUCTURED CURRICULUM LESSON PLAN
ITBS/TAP: ISAT:
Perform arithmetic operations involving Perform arithmetic operations involving
fractions fractions
Unit Focus/Foci
Fractions
Instructional Focus/Foci
Formal Assessment
Materials
226
Test
7
2. 3 _______________
10
4. 0.9 _______________
7 3
5. 0.55 6. 0.4
10 10
8 3
7. 0.8 8. 0.65
10 20
3 1 3
9. × = 10. 7 × =
4 2 9
227
3 5 3
11. × = 12. ×4 =
5 9 8
3 2 1 3
13. × = 14. 3 × =
10 3 3 5
1 1 7 2
15. 2 × = 16. × =
2 10 10 7
1
17. 5 ×1 =
4
2 5
18. Sam has pound of apples and Sue had pound of apples. Who had the most apples?
3 6
3
19. Kevin has of a pie. Tony had 0.9 of the pie. Who had the most pie?
4
1
20. Kim had 1.4 bag of chips. Debbie had 1 bag of chips. Who had the least amount of chips?
2
228
Ten Statements
Review the ten statements and have the students write yes if they heard it in today’s lesson and
no if they did not. If the answer is no, say: The statement is true, but it was not heard in today’s
lesson.
Have students choose a lesson from the Free Choice Activity sheet (one box per day).
Six-Group Activity
Math Workshop
Have students work in the Math Workshop after completing their Free-Choice Lesson.
SS: Read and interpret maps, charts, tables, graphs and cartoons
Sequence information, especially using timelines
Select appropriate information for intended purpose
Connection(s)
Enrichment:
Fine Arts:
Home:
Remediation:
Technology:
229
Assessment
Homework
Teacher Notes
Answer Key
1. 0.67 2. 3.7
13 9
3. 2 4.
100 10
5. < 6. <
7. = 8. <
3 1
9. 10. 2
8 3
1 1
11. 12. 1
3 2
1 4
13. 14. 1
5 5
1 1
15. 16.
4 5
1 18. Sue
17. 6
4
230