Quantitative Research in Communication

COMM 311
INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION
Professor: r! "ree Mc#$an
Email: %&mce$an'$iu!e(u Phone: 309-298-2370
Ofice: M#MORIA) 3*+
O,ice -ours: T/Th: 10-11am, 2:30 -4:30pm. W: 3-5pm
COURS# O".#CTI/#S
This course is inten(e( to 0ive stu(ents an intro(uction to research
an( ana12sis metho(s use( to stu(2 human communication! Stu(ents $ho
successfu112 com31ete this course $i11 (emonstrate master2 in rea(in0 an(
s2nthesi4in0 research in the 5e1( of human communication6 un(erstan(in0
the ma7or metho(o1o0ica1 3ara(i0ms use( in o%servationa1 communication
research6 formu1atin0 testa%1e research 8uestions an( h23otheses6
conce3tua1i4in0 an( o3erationa1i4in0 varia%1es6 (esi0nin0 research stu(ies6
un(erstan(in0 the theoretica1 un(er3innin0s of si0ni5cance testin06 an(
con(uctin0 %asic statistica1 ana12ses!
R#QUIR# MAT#RIA)S 9
Sa1:in(6 N! ;*<1+=! Statistics for people who (think they) hate statistics.
Thousan( Oa:s6 CA: Sa0e!
Sa1:in(6 N! ;*<1*=! 100 questions (and answers) about research methods.
Thousan( Oa:s6 CA: Sa0e!
A ca1cu1ator $ith a s8uare root function! >ou MA> NOT use a ce11
3hone or other e1ectronic communication (evice as a ca1cu1ator!
R#COMM#N# 9
?reen6 S! "!6 @ Sa1:in(6 N! .! ;*<<A=! Using SPSS for indows and
!acintosh" #naly$ing and understanding data ;B
th
e(!=! U33er Sa((1e
River6 N.: Pearson!
American Ps2cho1o0ica1 Association! ;*<<C=! Publication manual of the
#merican Psychological #ssociation ;D
th
e(!=! Eashin0ton6 C:
American Ps2cho1o0ica1 Association!
#)#CTRONIC #/IC# PO)IC>
P1ease ma:e sure that 2our ce11 3hone an( an2 other (evices that ma2
ma:e noise are turne( o, 3rior to the %e0innin0 of c1ass! P1ease refrain
from teFtin0 (urin0 c1ass! If 2our frien(s cannot $ait B< minutes to hear
%ac: from 2ou 9 are the2 rea112 2our frien(sG Stu(ents $ho use e1ectronic
(evices for socia1 3ur3oses (urin0 the c1ass 3erio( are 1i:e12 to eF3erience
mi1( em%arrassment an( 1ose atten(ance 3oints for the (a2! )a3to3s an(
ta%1ets are 3ermitte( for note&ta:in0 3ur3oses! -o$ever6 an2 eFtraneous
1a3to3 activit2 ma2 a1so resu1t in the 1oss of 3artici3ation 3oints an(
restriction of 1a3to3 use in c1ass! urin0 eFams ce11 3hones must %e turne(
to si1ent or o, 9 not vi%ratin0! On severa1 (a2s (urin0 the semester $e $i11
ho1( c1ass in a com3uter 1a%! Stu(ents are eF3ecte( to on12 use course
re1ate( 3ro0rams! Stu(ents foun( sur5n0 the $e% or usin0 other 3ro0rams
$i11 %e as:e( to 1eave!
#HP#CT# SII))S
The 3rere8uisites for this course are #n01ish 1J< an( *J<! It is
eF3ecte( that stu(ents $i11 have eF3erience $ith c1ose rea(in0 of aca(emic
sources an( $ritin0 for s2nthesis! It is a1so eF3ecte( that stu(ents 3ossess
%asic math s:i11s 9 inc1u(in0 a stron0 0ras3 of a10e%raic conce3ts!
E#ST#RN ON)IN#
This course $i11 ma:e use of EesternOn1ine! >ou are res3onsi%1e for
chec:in0 2our EesternOn1ine account on a re0u1ar %asis for
announcements! If 2ou nee( he13 activatin0 or usin0 2our EesternOn1ine
account 31ease refer to the fo11o$in0 resources:
Ee% )in: to EesternOn1ine & htt3s:K$esternon1ine!$iu!e(u
Activate #com Account 9 htt3s:KK$$$!$iu!e(uK0uava
For technica1 3ro%1ems contact the -e13(es:: 3<C&*CJ&*A<+ or
emai1 UCSS'$iu!e(u
SUPPORT S#R/IC#S
In accor(ance $ith Universit2 3o1ic2 an( the Americans $ith
isa%i1ities Act ;AA=6 aca(emic accommo(ations ma2 %e ma(e for an2
stu(ent $ho noti5es the instructor of the nee( for an accommo(ation! For
the instructor to 3rovi(e the 3ro3er accommo(ation;s= 2ou must o%tain
(ocumentation of the nee( for an accommo(ation throu0h isa%i1it2
Resource Center ;RC= an( 3rovi(e it to the instructor! It is im3erative that
2ou ta:e the initiative to %rin0 such nee(s to the instructorLs attention6 as
heKshe is not 1e0a112 3ermitte( to in8uire a%out such 3articu1ar nee(s of
stu(ents! Stu(ents $ho ma2 re8uire s3ecia1 assistance in emer0enc2
evacuations ;i!e! 5re6 torna(o6 etc!= shou1( contact the instructor as to the
most a33ro3riate 3roce(ures to fo11o$ in such an emer0enc2! Contact
isa%i1it2 Resource Center ;RC= at *CJ&*B1* for a((itiona1 services!
ACA#MIC INT#?RIT>
It is eF3ecte( an( re8uire( that a11 $or: turne( in for this course %e
ori0ina1 $or: of the stu(ent! Stu(ents must 3rovi(e 3ro3er citation for
othersM i(eas! Stu(ents ma2 not turn in 3a3ers su%mitte( for cre(it in other
course for this course!
P1a0iarism inc1u(es %ut is not 1imite( to the fo11o$in0:
& Use of c1aims $ithout 3ro3er citation!
& Use of teFt from another source $ith 3ro3er12 3ara3hrasin0
or 8uotin0!
& Use of another in(ivi(ua1Ms $or:!
& Use of $or: for another course 3resente( as ori0ina1 $or: in
this course!
& Use of another authorMs $or(in0 $ith out 3ro3er 8uotation
mar:s!
& Im3ro3er use of secon(ar2 citation 9 c1aimin0 to have rea(
$or: that 2ou have not
Stu(ents are eF3ecte( to :no$ an( un(erstan( $hat constitutes
31a0iarism! >ou ma2 consu1t the APA manua16 Strun: @ EhiteMs %lements of
Style6 an(Kor -arve2Ms riting with Sources for eFam31es an( eF31anations
of 31a0iarism!
P1a0iarism is not the on12 form of aca(emic (ishonest2! Other
eFam31es inc1u(e %ut are not 1imite( to cheatin0 on eFams6 co32in0 another
stu(entMs home$or: ;or a11o$in0 another stu(ent to co32 2our home$or:=6
or 3ostin0 course materia1 on1ine! The minimum 3ena1t2 for aca(emic
(ishonest2 is a 4ero on the assi0nment! -o$ever6 an2 instance of aca(emic
(ishonest2 ma2 resu1t in resu1t in a fai1in0 0ra(e for the course an( the
initiation of aca(emic (ishonest2 3rocee(in0s a0ainst the vio1ator! Further
information ma2 %e foun( at htt3:KK$$$!$iu!e(uK3o1iciesKacinte0rit2!3h3!
COURS# ASSI?NM#NTS
ALL written work must conform to formattin an! citation
ui!elines set forth in the APA "t#le $anual %&
th
e!'(' )ork that !oes
not conform to these ui!elines ma# lose *oints or not +e consi!ere!
for e,aluation %i'e' recei,e a ra!e of 0( at the !iscretion of the
instructor'
A11 $ritten $or:6 un1ess other$ise note(6 shou1( %e (ou%1e s3ace(6 Times
Ne$ Roman 1* 3t font6 $ith 1N 3a0e mar0ins! ;Microsoft Eor( O#S NOT
(efau1t to 1N! >ou $i11 nee( to chan0e to Pa0e Set U3=! Plaiari-e! work
will recei,e a ra!e of 0' "tu!ents unfamiliar with the forms of
*laiarism shoul! re,iew Writing with Sources %.ar,e#/ 0998('
ALL assi0nments are (ue at the %e0innin0 of the c1ass 3erio(! Late
assinments will incur a *enalt# of -001 *er day the# are late
%inclu!in weeken!s(' A har( co32 of assi0nments must %e turne( in to
the instructor! Assi0nments EI)) NOT %e acce3te( over emai1 $ithout 3rior
instructor 3ermission! The 1ate 3o1ic2 (oes NOT a3312 to statistics
home$or:! Stats home$or: $i11 not %e acce3te( after $e have 0one over it
in c1ass!
In(ivi(ua1 assi0nments ma2 a1so nee( to %e turne( in via Eestern On1ine 9
instructions $i11 %e 3rovi(e( on the assi0nment sheet!
urin0 this course $e $i11 %e $or:in0 on severa1 assi0nments %ui1(in0 a
research 3ro7ect! This research 3ro7ect $i11 invo1ve the co11ection of human
su%7ect (ata! At the conc1usion the semester a11 co11ecte( (ata $i11 %ecome
the 3ro3ert2 of r! Mc#$an! Provi(e( that IR" a33rova1 has %een o%taine(6
stu(ents $ho $ish to continue $or:in0 on the 3ro7ects for 3ossi%1e
3resentation or 3u%1ication are invite( to contact r! Mc#$an!
A 2O3E A4O53 67O5P )O78: I 0enera112 eF3ect that stu(ents $i11 act
3rofessiona112 to$ar(s each other an( fu112 contri%ute to 0rou3 3ro7ects!
The 0rou3 assi0nments are inten(e( for a 0rou3 of 3eo31e to sit (o$n an(
$or: on to0ether 9 the2 are not inten(e( to %e s31it u3 into sma11er
com3onents! ?rou3s $or:in0 to0ether as a 3rofessiona1 team shou1( eF3ect
i(entica1 0ra(es on $or:! -o$ever6 if necessar26 I ma2 a(7ust in(ivi(ua1
0ra(es to reOect $or:1oa(s $ithin a 3articu1ar 0rou3! Pre&ious classes ha&e
noted that you will spend a considerable amount of time in your groups.
Atten(ance @ Partici3ation:
Atten(ance $i11 %e ta:en ever2(a2 an( $i11 count to$ar(s a 3ortion of
2our overa11 3artici3ation 0ra(e! Ee $i11 %e movin0 8uic:12 throu0h (i,icu1t
3rimar2 materia1! Missin0 c1ass often ma2 1eave 2ou in a 3osition of 31a2in0
3er3etua1 catch&u3!
-o$ever6 if 2ou atten( c1ass ever2 (a2 %ut never 3artici3ate 2our A@P
0ra(e $i11 su,er! Partici3ation is es3ecia112 im3ortant in this c1ass as it is
(esi0ne( to %ecome a (ia1o0ue %et$een a11 of us as $e reOect u3on the
materia1 an( its re1evance to our 1ives! >our 3artici3ation 0ra(e $i11 reOect
%oth the fre8uenc2 an( the su%stance of 2our in&c1ass contri%utions!
There $i11 %e no ma:e&u3s for atten(ance! -o$ever6 in the case of
re1i0ious ho1i(a2s6 EIU events ;such as ath1etics=6 or (ocumente( i11nesses I
ma2 (ro3 atten(ance (a2s from 2our 5na1 score! Such a (ecision is at the
(iscretion of the instructor! ocumentation for EIU events an( re1i0ious
ho1i(a2s must %e 3rovi(e( $ithin the 5rst $ee: of the semester!
ocumentation for me(ica1 a%sences must %e 3rovi(e( $ithin one $ee: of
the a%sence! P1ease emai1 me as soon as 2ou :no$ 2ou $i11 %e a%sent for a
(ocumente( reason! P1ease note that the 5na1 (etermination of $hether an
a%sence is eFcuse( rests $ith the instructor!
Rea(in0 Com3rehension an( #n0a0ement Activities
It is im3erative in this c1ass that 2ou s3en( time carefu112 rea(in0 an(
(i0estin0 materia1! In or(er to he13 2ou accom31ish this 0oa1 $e $i11
occasiona112 have 8ui44es an( activities a%out the rea(in0 at the %e0innin0
of c1ass! It is a1so im3ortant that 2ou have time to 3ractice the conce3ts 2ou
are 1earnin0! To this en(6 $e $i11 have a variet2 of in&c1ass activities to
3rovi(e 3ractice of various conce3ts! >our t$o 1o$est 8ui4Kactivit2 0ra(es
$i11 %e (ro33e(! There are no ma:eu3s for these assi0nments!
Research Partici3ation
A stu(ent must earn *< research 3oints to fu1511 the research&
3artici3ation com3onent of this course. This is NOT an extra credit
assignment.
'ption 1" A stu(ent ma2 e1ect to 3artici3ate in an a33rove( research
3ro7ect or 3ro7ects in the e3artment of Communication! It is the
stu(entMs res3onsi%i1it2 to ensure that the research is %ein0 con(ucte( in
the e3artment of Communication! A stu(ent $i11 earn *< 3oints for one
hour of 3artici3ation in an a33rove( e3artment of Communication
research stu(2!
Research o33ortunities ma2 %e foun( here:
http://www.wiu.edu/cofac/communication/research.php
'ption (" A stu(ent ma2 e1ect to rea( t$o research artic1es re1evant to
course content and appro&ed in ad&ance by the instructor an( then
com31ete an artic1e co(in0 sheet! A stu(ent $i11 earn 1< 3oints for each
$ritten summar2 re3ort6 an( can earn u3 to *< 3oints tota16 1< 3oints for
each artic1e! #ppro&al of articles must be secured before the following date,
which is to be determined by your instructor: November 1, 2014.
IR" Certi5cation
In or(er to $or: $ith human su%7ects6 stu(ents must com31ete IR"
Certi5cation! EIU re8uires stu(ents to com31ete the CITI -uman Su%7ects
trainin0! >ou $i11 not %e a11o$e( to $or: $ith (ata for 1ater assi0nments
un1ess 2ou have com31ete( this trainin0!
APA Reference Pa0e
For this assi0nment 2ou $i11 0ather 5ve sources re1ate( to the course
to3ic! #ach source MUST %e from a 3eer&revie$e( scho1ar12 7ourna1! The
5rst 3a0e of the assi0nment shou1( %e a reference 3a0e formatte( in APA
st21e $ith each source 1iste( in 3ro3er APA format! Points $i11 %e (e(ucte(
for APA format mista:es!
Co(in0 Sheets
Co(in0 sheets are too1s to assist 2ou in 1earnin0 to rea( aca(emic
1iterature! Co(in0 sheets ena%1e 2ou to out1ine the :e2 as3ects of a
research stu(2! S3eci5ca1126 for each artic1e 2ou must 3rovi(e the: a= APA
citationP %= 3ur3oseKrationa1eK7usti5cation of the stu(2P c=
h23othesisKresearch 8uestionsP (= su%7ects6 site6 or teFt;s= stu(ie(P e=
research metho(sP an(6 f= 5n(in0s! A form $i11 %e 3rovi(e( on Eestern
On1ine! >ou $i11 com31ete 5ve co(in0 sheets! O NOT CUT AN PAST#
FROM T-# ARTIC)#! OIN? SO CONSTITUT#S P)A?IARISM! See 2our
teFt %oo: for a 1ist of aca(emic 3eer&revie$e( artic1es in the communication
(isci31ine!
Co(in0 Sheet Q1: For co(in0 sheet Q1 2ou MUST use an aca(emic
3eer&revie$e( artic1e that uses SUR/#> metho(s!
Co(in0 Sheet Q*: For co(in0 sheet Q* 2ou MUST use an aca(emic
3eer&revie$e( artic1e that re3orts on an #HP#RIM#NT!
Co(in0 Sheet Q3@+: For the remainin0 co(in0 sheets 2ou ma2 use
research from an2 metho(o1o02 3rovi(e( that the stu(ies are from 3eer&
revie$e( aca(emic artic1es!
These are INI/IUA) assi0nments! -o$ever6 2ou shou1(
COORINAT# $ith 2our 0rou3 9 it $i11 %e the most usefu1 if 2ou a11 (o
(i,erent artic1es!
Note Car(s
In or(er to avoi( sim312 strin0in0 to0ether summaries of stu(ies in
oneMs 1iterature revie$ an( instea( (eve1o3 a s2nthesis of 1iterature6 it is
usefu1 to have a metho( of ta:in0 notes! Sittin0 $ith a series of artic1es can
1ea( to a sha11o$ s2nthesis or even 31a0iarism! This assi0nment $i11 3rovi(e
2ou $ith one metho( of note ta:in0 that can he13 in $ritin0 3a3ers! >ou $i11
nee( *B 3FB car(s for this assi0nment! >ou shou1( revie$ 1iterature that is
re1evant for 2our 0rou3Ms stu(2! #ach car( shou1( contain one Rfact6N
R5n(in0N or Rinterestin0 3ointN from a 3eer&revie$e( research artic1e! >our
car(s shou1( re3resent 3&B artic1es! >ou ma2 use the 5n(in0s from the
artic1es that 2ou use( for co(in0 sheets! "e sure not to inc1u(e secon(ar2
information on the car(s ;i!e! if the authorsM are citin0 someone e1se6 2ou
shou1( 5n( that artic1e an( cite it=!
S2nthesis an( -23othesis!
This assi0nment is to %e com31ete( in 0rou3s of four or 5ve! >our 0oa1
is to $rite a four to 5ve 3a0e essa2 summari4in0 the 1iterature that 2ou
co11ecte( for 2our APA reference 3a0e! As a 0rou36 2ou MUST $rite a
s2nthesis of this 1iterature! Pa3ers that are not s2nthesi4e( $i11 receive at
1east a 3<S (e(uction! The 0oa1 of this s2nthesis is to create an ar0ument
that su33orts one or more h23otheses re0ar(in0 the course to3ic! Pa3ers
shou1( inc1u(e an intro(uction an( a %rief conc1usion! #ach 0rou3 must
inc1u(e 1< uni8ue 3eer&revie$e( scho1ar12 artic1es into their essa2! #ssa2s
$i11 %e 0ra(e( on stren0th of intro(uction an( conc1usion6 or0ani4ation6
ar0ument 8ua1it26 a33ro3riate use of sources6 a%i1it2 to 3ara3hrase6
h23othesis construction6 coherence6 s3e11in06 an( 0rammar! Points $i11 %e
(e(ucte( for not meetin0 the minimum re8uirements in re0ar(s to 3a0e
1en0th an( sources!
Measurement Assis0nment
>ou $i11 nee( to %e a%1e to measure each varia%1e that 2ou 3ro3ose(
in 2our h23othesis;es=! For each varia%1e inc1u(e( in 2our 1iterature revie$
3rovi(e the fo11o$in0!
1= A conce3tua1i4ation of the varia%1e!
a! This shou1( %e at 1east one 3ara0ra3h an( inc1u(e citations
from aca(emic 1iterature! o NOT cite (ictionaries!
*= A citation of a measure that measures that varia%1e
3= The re1ia%i1it2 coe,icient for that varia%1e ;or each factor $ithin
that varia%1e= from the ori0ina1 measurement artic1eKcha3ter!
+= A re3ort of t$o $a2s that the measurement $as va1i(ate( in the
ori0ina1 measurement 3iece!
B= A11 of the items in the format that 2ou $ant 2our 3artici3ants to
res3on( to the items ;e!0! )i:ert6 Semantic i,erentia1=
)n the case that there is not an e*isting measure suitable for your &ariable+
follow the alternati&e format"
1= A conce3tua1i4ation of the varia%1e!
a! This shou1( %e at 1east one 3ara0ra3h an( inc1u(e citations
from aca(emic 1iterature! o NOT cite (ictionaries!
*= A 3ro3osa1 of ho$ 2ou cou1( va1i(ate a ne$ sca1e!
3= A11 of the items 2ou $ish to use to measure 2our varia%1e in the
format that 2ou $ant 2our 3artici3ants to res3on( to the items ;e!0!
)i:ert6 Semantic i,erentia1=!
Statistics -ome$or:
urin0 the thir( section of this course $e $i11 1earnin0 ho$ to
statistica112 ana124e (ata! >ou $i11 %e eF3ecte( to com31ete home$or:
assi0nments on (i,erent statistica1 tests! Some of these assi0nments $i11
re8uire 2ou to ca1cu1ate the statistic in 8uestion %2 han(! Other assi0nments
$i11 re8uire 2ou to ca1cu1ate the statistic usin0 SPSS! >ou $i11 %e 3rovi(e(
$ith the (ata! Stats home$or: $i11 NOT %e acce3te( 1ate %ecause $e
t23ica112 0o over the ans$ers at the %e0innin0 of c1ass!
Resu1ts @ iscussion 9 FINA) PRO.#CT
>our 0rou3 $i11 %e res3onsi%1e for co11ectin0 a su,icient amount of
(ata to ana124e for the resu1ts an( (iscussion sections! For our course stu(2
2ou $i11 nee( to run the statistics on our (ata in SPSS an( 3rovi(e
(emo0ra3hicK(escri3tive (ata an( the resu1ts of 2our h23othesis test! Then6
usin0 the resu1ts from the statistics $rite&u3 $rite a three to four 3a0e
essa2 inter3retin0 the statistica1 resu1ts an( eF31ainin0 ho$ our resu1ts 5t
$ith or contra(ict the eFistin0 1iterature! The (iscussion shou1( reference at
1east 5ve 3eer&revie$e( aca(emic sources an( inc1u(e an APA cover an(
reference 3a0e!
The 3ro(uct that 2ou turn in shou1( inc1u(e the fo11o$in06 An APA
st21e cover 3a0e6 a s2nthesi4e( 1iterature revie$ that has %een e(ite( to
a((ress comments on the ear1ier (raft6 a metho(s section out1inin0 ho$ 2ou
measure( 2our varia%1e6 a resu1ts section re3ortin0 the resu1ts of 2our
statistica1 tests6 a (iscussion section framin0 the resu1ts an( 1ocatin0 them
$ithin current 1iterature on the to3ic6 a summar2 conc1usion 3ara0ra3h6 an
APA reference 3a0e $ith a11 references use( in the 3ro7ect ;minimum 1<=!
Pa3er Presentations 9
#ach 0rou3 $i11 0ive a 3resentation eF31ainin0 their 3ro7ect to their
c1assmates! ?rou3s shou1( 3re3are a 3oster that out1ines ho$ the research
3ro7ect 5ts $ith current 1iterature6 the (eve1o3ment of the h23othesis6 the
ana12sis an( stu(2 resu1ts6 an( a (iscussion of the resu1ts an( 3ossi%1e
(irections for future research! Posters $i11 %e 3resente( in c1ass! Part of the
3resentations 0ra(e $i11 inc1u(e ho$ $e11 a11 0rou3 mem%ers can res3on( to
8uestions from the c1ass an( the instructor!
#Fams
A11 $ritten an( ora1 materia1 for the c1ass ma2 %e covere( on the
eFams! #Fams ma2 %e com3romise( of mu1ti31e&choice6 trueKfa1se6 511&in&the&
%1an:6 an( essa2 8uestions! The 1ast eFam $i11 re8uire 2ou to com3ute
so1utions to statistica1 3ro%1ems!
There are no ma:e u3s eFce3t in cases of (ocumente( emer0enc2 or
as a reasona%1e accommo(ation for re1i0ious or eFtra&curricu1ar (eman(s!
Stu(ents nee(in0 accommo(ation for eFtra&curricu1ar or re1i0ious reasons
must 3rovi(e (ocumentation $ithin the 5rst three $ee:s of the semester!
ASSI?NM#NTS
Participation/Attendance 50 pts
Quizzes & In-Class Activities 50 pts (total)
Research Participation 5 pts
IR! Certi"ication 5 pts
APA Re"erence Pa#e 5 pts
Codin# $heets - %00 pts (5 each)
&ote Cards 5 pts
$'nthesis and ('pothesis %00 pts
)easure*ent Assi#n*ent 50 pts+
$tatistics (o*e,or- - 50 pts (%0 pts each)
Results & .iscussion- %50 pts
Presentation 50 pts
/0a*s 100 pts (%50 pts each)
MINIMUM ?RA# CUTOFFS
A C*< 3ts
A& JC< 3ts
"T JA< 3ts
" J*< 3ts
"& AC< 3ts
CT AA< 3ts
C A<< 3ts
C& DC< 3ts
T DA< 3ts
D1< 3ts
& BC< 3ts # < 3ts
2/3 Intro to C4)) 1%%
2/2 Intro to Research
5/ $ocial $cience /piste*olo#'
5/6 Research /thics !el*ont Report
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