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midbrain
Brain stem pons
Medulla oblongata
Section 2 Brain Stem
Ⅰ. External Features 外部形态
Cerebral peduncles
Interpeduncular fossa
Root of trigeminal N.
olive
pyramid
Cranial nerve nuclei are referred to those nuclei located in the brain stem,
where the cranial nerves originate or terminate except the olfactory and optic
nerve
Non-cranial nerve nuclei are referred to those nuclei which are not linked
directly to any cranial nerves functionally or structurally
Ascending pathways include 1) pathways originate in the spinal cord and pass
the brain stem to higher region of the brain; 2) pathways originate in the brain
stem to higher region of the brain
Descending pathways originate in the same motor area of the cortex, but
terminate in 1) spinal cord and 2) brain stem
Reticular formation is recognized as an extensive field of intermingled grey
and white matter outside the fiber bundles and nuclei of the brain stem
Development of
the spinal cord
and brain stem
from the neural
tube
Motor N. of trigeminal n.
Vestibular N.
Abducent N.
Nucleu Of facial n. Cochlear N.
Superior solivatory N.
Inferior solivatory N.
N. Of solitary tract
Spinal N. of trigeminal n.
Hypoglossal N.
Nucleus ambiguus N. Of accessory n.
Dorsal N. of vagus n.
Cranial nerve nuclei
Accessory N. of oculomotor n.
oculomotor N.
Troclear N.
Mesencephalic N. of Ⅴ
Motor N. of Ⅴ
Pontine N. of Ⅴ
N. Of facial n.
Vestibular N.
Cochlear N.
Superior salivatory N.
Inferior salivatory N.
Dorsal N. of vagus
n.
N. Of hypoglossal n.
N. Of solitary truct
Spinal N. of Ⅴ
Accessory N.
Some of important non-cranial nerve nuclei
Nucleus gracile and nucleus cuneate: relay the fibers of
fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus respectively
Inferior olivary nuclear complex: a relay station for sensory
information ( mainly proprioceptive ) traveling to cerebellum
Pontine nuclei: relay stations on the passway from cerebral
cortex to the cerebellum
Inferior colliculus: reflex centers for auditory responses and concerned in
localization of source of sounds
Superior colliculus: reflex centers correlating movement of head and eyes and
serves to localize and follow visual stimuli.
Red nucleus: give off efferent fiber to form the rubrospinal tract and rubrobulbar
tract
Substantia nigra: its
efferent fibers passing to
the striatum convey
dopamine to cerebrum; its
injury will cause
Parkinson’s disease
Level of pyramidal decussation
Level of trigeminal n.
Level of inferior colliculus
2) Lateral lemniscus:
formed by the fibers from
the ipsilateral and
controlateral cochlear
nuclei; some of fibers
end in the inferior
colliculus, others
traverse the brachium of
inferior colliculus to the
nucleus of medial
geniculate body
Long descending pathways