Grid Computing

The term Grid Computing, coined in the mid 90s in the academic world, was originally proposed
to denote a distributed computing system that would provide computing services on demand just
like conventional power and water grids. During the last ew years, as the technology evolved
and the grid concept started being e!plored on commercial endeavors, there is an change in the
deinition, world"wide, states that a #Grid$ is system that% #Coordinates resources that are not
subject to centrali&ed control using standard, open, general"purpose interaces and protocols to
deliver non"trivial 'ualities o service$. (eb technology have changed the way that inormation
in shared all over the world, grid computing aims at being the ne!t technological revolution,
integrating and making available not only inormation, also computing resources such as
computing power and data"storage capacity. Grid computing uses sotware to divide and
distribute pieces o a program to as many as several thousand computers.
Types of Grids
Grid should provide integration o heterogeneous computing resources o any type% processing
units, storage units and communication units. Technology hasn)t reached its maturity* real"world
grid implementations are more speciali&ed and ocus on the integration o certain type o
resources.
Computation Grid% + computational grid is a grid that has the processing power as the main
computing resource shared among its nodes. ,t is used to perorm high"perormance computing
to tackle processing"demanding tasks.
Data Grid% Data grid has the storage capacity as its main shared resource shared its nodes. Data
grid can be regarded as a massive data storage system built up rom portions o a large number o
storage devices.
Network Grid% -etwork Grid has to provide ault" tolerant and high"perormance
communication services. .ach grid node works as a data router between two communication
points, providing data"catching and other acilities to speed up the communications between such
points.
Web Services
(eb /ervice 0riented +rchitecture is a service that a business wants to e!pose or their
customers and partners, or other portions o the organi&ation. (eb services platorm consist o
three elements.
1. /0+2 3/imple 0bject +ccess 2rotocol4
5. 6DD, 36niversal Description, Discovery and ,ntegration4
7. (/D8 3(eb /ervices Description 8anguage4.
(eb services builds on /imple 0bject +ccess 2rotocol 3/0+24, taking it to the ne!t level by
adding a process and set o protocols that business can use to ind each other and interact over
the (eb instead o over reestablished networks. (eb services provide a ramework or
communication across the web.
Figure 2 Web Service !riented "rc#itecture
(eb services depend on technologies including 9:8, /0+2, 6DD,, and (/D8. 6DD, is a
protocol or describing web services components that allows businesses to register with an
,nternet directory so they can advertise their services and companies can ind each other and
carry out transactions over the web. (/D8 is build around an 9:8 based service ,nterace
Deinition 8anguage that deines both the service interace and the implementation details.
(/D8 details may be obtained rom 6DD, entries that describe the /0+2 messages needed to
use a particular web service. 9:8 3.!tensible :arkup 8anguage4 is a simple data description
language with proound implications. 9:8 is combination o tags and content in which the tags
add meaning to the content.
Cloud Computing
The undamental way o banking undergoes a rapid transormation in the world o today in
response to the orces o competition, productivity and eiciency o operations, reduced
operating margins, better asset;liability management, risk management and +nytime and
+nywhere banking. The technology has changed the ace o banking by increasing high level o
competition in the market together with increased awareness and 'uality consciousness among
the customers by increasing the transparency in service. ,t is due to rapid development in
technology that there is a sea change in both retail and investment banking. During 19<0s the
=angarajan Committee report gave the irst blue print or computeri&ation o banks in the
country. The >anks have been e'uipped with variety o platorms related to hardware, operating
system, sotware and application sotware has implemented with dierent platorms. ,t is
essential to have interace with dierent systems and other bank network environment. The
cloud computing in banking sector aims to provide better and more innovative services to
customers. The advancement o service oriented architecture 3/0+4 has brought all the banks to
come closer to establish and run a virtual business with online services. Cloud computing
implements /0+ in which ,T resources are oered as a service that is more aordable, le!ible
and attractive to banking sector
(eb Technology is moved rom static content delivery to dynamics update o page content. The
introduction o 9:8 is the irst evolution in web technology and it leads to eicient and
interoperable running o electronic businesses. ,n the (eb 1.0 evolution, the backend ,T systems
have been created, owned and maintained by the business owners. The business needs more
agility, operational eiciency, cost reduction and improved competitiveness. /o the business has
taken the advantage o business process outsourcing 3>204. ,n the >20, the company)s non"core
business unctionality such as ,T 0peration is carried out by third"party e!ternal agencies that
speciali&e in those unctions. The (eb 5.0 technologies become more attractive or online
business with the advent o service oriented computing 3:.2 2apa&oglou, 2. Traverso, /.
Dustdar, ?. 8eymann, 500@4. /ervice 0riented +rchitecture enables the business process
unctions as online web services and actively engaging customer via online.
The latest evolution in the (eb /ervices is cloud computing. Cloud computing reers to the
oering o hardware and sotware resources as service across the distributed environment. Cloud
computing is the technology which allows the business owners to create and run a business using
services over the internet.
$nfrastructure as a Service %$aaS& Aardware resources and computing power 3C26 and
:emory4 are oered as service to the Customers. ,nrastructure as a /ervice enables the banks to
rent their +T: resources to other bank customers rather than spending money to buy dedicated
servers and networking e'uipment. The banks are billed or their usage ollowing a utility
computing model, where usage o resources is metered. The indings show that <0B o
computing power and @0B o storage capacity are not eiciently utili&ed, where a single bank
owns dedicated machines and servers.
Database as a Service %DaaS& ,t is a more speciali&ed type o storage oering database
capability as a service. Daa/ on the cloud oten adopts a multi"tenant architecture, where the data
o the customers are kept in the same physical table. ,n cloud computing, the database structure
is not relational and it adopts hierarchical data model, and data items are stored as property
values or binary large objects 3>lobs4.
Software as a Service %SaaS& The /otware applications are oered as a service on the internet
rather than as sotware packages to be purchased as license by individual users. The e!amples
include Google web"based oice applications, /alesorce.com)s C=: applications, :icrosot)s
online /hare2oint, +dobe 2hotoshop and +dobe premiere on the web. The customer is ree rom
applying patches or updates and data are kept in the cloud, based on Daa/.
'(atform as a Service %'aaS& ,t supports the entire business application development liecycle
including design, implementation, debugging, test, deployment, operation and support o rich
(eb applications and services on the ,nternet. The vendor lock"in limits the platorm
interoperability and not supporting some other language eatures or capabilities in current
platorms.
C(oud Computing )enefits inc(ude
1. +voiding huge capital and initial investment in hardware, servers, +T: and sotware
resources by reducing ongoing operational, upgradation and maintenance cost
5. Giving 2ermission to access a variety o sotware applications as /aa/ and scaling up and
down si&ing hardware, network capacity by consumption based cost tracking
7. .'uipped with dynamic inrastructure cost and ree o long term contract
C. ?ree o sotware, hardware installation by providing web based collaborative services
C(oud computing C#a((enges inc(ude
1. 8oss o direct control o resources and sotware 3e.g., (ebsite ,nrastructure, transaction
and operations, carried out by third party or developers4
5. ,ncreased liability risk due to security breaches and data leaks as a result o using shared
e!ternal resources
7. Decreased reliability, due to the service providers may go out o business, causing
business continuity and data recovery issues
C. /aa/ solutions, built as one"si&e"its all customers as enterprise unriendly and diicult
capacity planning, with concern or security and trust ability
D. .nsure smooth migration and transaction o data between the bank interoperation
services
The leading banks have built their business based on ,T inrastructure that ma!imi&e data centre
management and eiciency E investments. ,t gives a distinct advantage over competitors that
came to web services ; cloud services rom a traditional ,T environment. :ost cloud services
change by actual use o the resources in C26 utili&ation hours, the storage si&e in terms o
gigabits 3Gbs4 consumed and gigabits per second transerred, rather than by the servers or via a
monthly rental ees.