MARCELA GONZALES ALMEIDA, petitioner, vs. COURT OF APPEALS and ROERT P.

S!, respondents.
Certiorari" Pre#i$inar% In&'n(tion )ndin*s and (on(#'sions o+ t,e tria# (o'rt on t,e
propriet% o+ t,e iss'an(e o+ in&'n(tive -rits are pre$ised so#e#% on initia# eviden(e
and s,o'#d .e (onsidered $ere#% as provisiona#" Fa(ts to .e Esta.#is,ed +or a
Pre#i$inar% In&'n(tion to .e Granted./T,e )ndin*s and (on(#'sions o+ t,e tria# (o'rt
on t,e propriet% o+ t,e iss'an(e o+ in&'n(tive -rits are pre$ised so#e#% on initia#
eviden(e and s,o'#d .e (onsidered $ere#% as provisiona#. Se(tion 0, R'#e 12 o+ t,e
R'#es o+ Co'rt provides t,at a pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion $a% .e *ranted -,en t,e
+o##o-in* are esta.#is,ed3 4a5 T,at t,e App#i(ant is entit#ed to t,e re#ie+ de$anded,
and t,e -,o#e or part o+ s'(, re#ie+ (onsists in restrainin* t,e (o$$ission or
(ontin'an(e o+ t,e a(t or a(ts (o$p#ained o+, or in re6'irin* t,e per+or$an(e o+ an
a(t or a(ts, eit,er +or a #i$ited period or perpet'a##%" 4.5 T,at t,e (o$$ission,
(ontin'an(e or non7per+or$an(e o+ t,e a(t or a(ts (o$p#ained o+ d'rin* t,e
#iti*ation -o'#d pro.a.#% -or8 in&'sti(e to t,e app#i(ant" or 4(5 T,at t,e part%, (o'rt,
a*en(% or a person is doin*, t,reatenin*, or is atte$ptin* to do, or is pro('rin* or
s'9erin* to .e done, so$e a(t or a(ts pro.a.#% in vio#ation o+ t,e ri*,ts o+ t,e
app#i(ant respe(tin* t,e s'.&e(t o+ t,e a(tion or pro(eedin*, and tendin* to render
t,e &'d*$ent ine9e(t'a#.
Sa$e" Sa$e" Re6'isites +or t,e Iss'an(e o+ an In&'n(tive :rit./An in&'n(tive -rit
$a% .e iss'ed -,en t,e +o##o-in* re6'isites are esta.#is,ed3 ;. T,e invasion o+ t,e
ri*,t is $ateria# and s'.stantia#" <. T,e ri*,t o+ (o$p#ainant is (#ear and
'n$ista8a.#e" 0. T,ere is an 'r*ent and per$anent ne(essit% +or t,e -rit to prevent
serio's da$a*e.
Sa$e" Sa$e" Sa$e" It $'st .e stressed t,at in&'n(tion is not desi*ned to prote(t
(ontin*ent or +'t're ri*,ts, and, as s'(,, t,e possi.i#it% o+ irrepara.#e da$a*e
-it,o't proo+ o+ a(t'a# e=istin* ri*,t is no *ro'nd +or an in&'n(tion" :,ere t,e
p#ainti9>s ri*,t or tit#e is do'.t+'# or disp'ted, in&'n(tion is not proper./T,e
petitioner, as p#ainti9, -as .'rdened to add'(e testi$onia# and?or do('$entar%
eviden(e to esta.#is, ,er ri*,t to t,e in&'n(tive -rits. It $'st .e stressed t,at
in&'n(tion is not desi*ned to prote(t (ontin*ent or +'t're ri*,ts, and, as s'(,, t,e
possi.i#it% o+ irrepara.#e da$a*e -it,o't proo+ o+ a(t'a# e=istin* ri*,t is no *ro'nd
+or an in&'n(tion. A (#ear and positive ri*,t espe(ia##% (a##in* +or &'di(ia# prote(tion
$'st .e esta.#is,ed. In&'n(tion is not a re$ed% to prote(t or en+or(e (ontin*ent,
a.stra(t, or +'t're ri*,ts" it -i## not iss'e to prote(t a ri*,t not in esse and -,i(,
$a% never arise, or to restrain an a(tion -,i(, did not *ive rise to a (a'se o+ a(tion.
T,ere $'st .e an e=isten(e o+ an a(t'a# ri*,t. @en(e, -,ere t,e p#ainti9>s ri*,t or
tit#e is do'.t+'# or disp'ted, in&'n(tion is not proper.
Sa$e" Sa$e" Sa$e" An in&'n(tive re$ed% $a% on#% .e resorted to -,en t,ere is a
pressin* ne(essit% to avoid in&'rio's (onse6'en(es -,i(, (annot .e re$edied
'nder an% standard (o$pensation./An in&'n(tive re$ed% $a% on#% .e resorted to
-,en t,ere is a pressin* ne(essit% to avoid in&'rio's (onse6'en(es -,i(, (annot .e
re$edied 'nder an% standard (o$pensation. T,e possi.i#it% o+ irrepara.#e da$a*e
-it,o't proo+ o+ an a(t'a# e=istin* ri*,t -o'#d not &'sti+% in&'n(tive re#ie+ in ,is
+avor.
Sa$e" Sa$e" Sa$e" T,e test +or iss'in* an in&'n(tion is -,et,er t,e +a(ts s,o- a
ne(essit% +or t,e intervention o+ e6'it% in order to prote(t ri*,ts (o*niAa.#e in
e6'it%./In de(idin* -,et,er to *rant an in&'n(tion, a (o'rt $'st (onsider
esta.#is,ed prin(ip#es o+ e6'it% and a## t,e (ir('$stan(es o+ t,e (ase. T,e test +or
iss'in* an in&'n(tion is -,et,er t,e +a(ts s,o- a ne(essit% +or t,e intervention o+
e6'it% in order to prote(t ri*,ts (o*niAa.#e in e6'it%.B20
Sa$e" Sa$e" Sa$e" A tria# (o'rt>s de(ision to *rant or to den% in&'n(tive re#ie+ -i##
not .e set aside on appea# 'n#ess t,e (o'rt a.'sed its dis(retion" In t,e a.sen(e o+
a (#ear #e*a# ri*,t, t,e iss'an(e o+ t,e in&'n(tive -rit (onstit'tes *rave a.'se o+
dis(retion./A tria# (o'rt>s de(ision to *rant or to den% in&'n(tive re#ie+ -i## not .e
set aside on appea# 'n#ess t,e (o'rt a.'sed its dis(retion. In *rantin* or den%in*
in&'n(tive re#ie+, a (o'rt a.'ses its dis(retion -,en it #a(8s &'risdi(tion, +ai#s to
(onsider and $a8e a re(ord o+ t,e +a(tors re#evant to its deter$ination, re#ies on
(#ear#% erroneo's +a(t'a# )ndin*s, (onsiders (#ear#% irre#evant or i$proper +a(tors,
(#ear#% *ives too $'(, -ei*,t to one +a(tor, re#ies on erroneo's (on(#'sions o+ #a-
or e6'it%, or $isapp#ies its +a(t'a# or #e*a# (on(#'sions. In t,e a.sen(e o+ a (#ear
#e*a# ri*,t, t,e iss'an(e o+ t,e in&'n(tive -rit (onstit'tes *rave a.'se o+ dis(retion.
Sa$e" Sa$e" As a r'#e, a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% $andator% in&'n(tion is not *ranted to
ta8e propert% o't o+ t,e possession or (ontro# o+ one part% to .e p#a(ed into t,at o+
anot,er -,ose tit#e ,as not .een (#ear#% esta.#is,ed .% #a-./As a r'#e, a -rit o+
pre#i$inar% $andator% in&'n(tion is not *ranted to ta8e propert% o't o+ t,e
possession or (ontro# o+ one part% to .e p#a(ed into t,at o+ anot,er -,ose tit#e ,as
not .een (#ear#% esta.#is,ed .% #a-. In t,is (ase, t,e petitioner +ai#ed to esta.#is, a
(#ear and 'n$ista8a.#e ri*,t to t,e possession o+ t,e propert% and to a -rit o+
pre#i$inar% $andator% in&'n(tion. T,e tria# (o'rt prin(ipa##% re#ied on $ere
a##e*ations in t,e (o$p#aint, t,e appenda*es t,ereo+, and t,e $ea*er eviden(e on
re(ord. Moreover, t,e respondent -o'#d s'9er serio's da$a*e i+ ,e -o'#d .e
o'sted o+ ,is possession o+ t,e propert% and ,is +a(tor% de$o#is,ed.
PETITION +or revie- on (ertiorari o+ a de(ision o+ t,e Co'rt o+ Appea#s.
e+ore 's is a petition +or revie- on (ertiorari 'nder R'#e C1 o+ t,e Revised R'#es o+
Co'rt o+ t,e De(ision; o+ t,e Co'rt o+ Appea#s in CA7G.R. SP No. D1E<E, )ndin*
*rave a.'se o+ dis(retion on t,e part o+ t,e Re*iona# Tria# Co'rt 4RTC5 o+ Ca#oo(an
Cit%, ran(, ;0E,< -,en it *ranted t,e app#i(ations o+ t,e ,erein petitioner +or t,e
iss'an(e o+ -rits o+ pre#i$inar% pro,i.itor% and $andator% in&'n(tion.
T,e ante(edents, as ('##ed +ro$ t,e re(ords o+ t,e (ase, are as +o##o-s3
Mar(e#ina Saran*a%a -as t,e re*istered o-ner o+ a par(e# o+ #and, identi)ed as Lot
2FB, #o(ated in t,e t,en $'ni(ipa#it% o+ Ca#oo(an, provin(e o+ RiAa#, (overed .%
Trans+er Certi)(ate o+ Tit#e 4TCT5 No. 2DED1,0 -it, an area o+ C,D02 s6'are $eters.
T,e propert% +or$s part o+ t,e Ta#a Estate 4Friar Land5 (overed .% Ori*ina#
Certi)(ate o+ Tit#e 4OCT5 No. 1C0 iss'ed on De(e$.er <D, ;F;E.C
So$eti$e in Septe$.er ;FF0, respondent Ro.ert P. S% p'r(,ased t,e a.ove par(e#
o+ #and +ro$ Saran*a%a. TCT No. 2DED1 -as (an(e##ed and, in #ie' t,ereo+, TCT No.
<DE2B< -as iss'ed on Septe$.er ;B, ;FF0 'nder t,e na$e o+ S%.1
Fort,-it,, t,e respondent (a'sed t,e (onstr'(tion o+ a +a(tor% +or 8it(,en-are on
t,e propert%.B A #itt#e over t,an )ve %ears #ater, or on Gan'ar% <E, ;FF2, petitioner
Mar(e#a GonAa#es A#$eida )#ed a (o$p#aint a*ainst t,e respondent and +ort% 4CE5
ot,ers +or 6'ietin* o+ tit#e and t,e de(#aration, as void a. initio, o+ t,e assi*n$ent o+
sa#e (erti)(ates and da$a*es, -it, a pra%er +or te$porar% restrainin* order and
-rit o+ pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion in t,e RTC o+ Ca#oo(an Cit%, ran(, ;<C. T,e (ase -as
do(8eted as Civi# Case No. C710D.D
In ,er (o$p#aint, t,e petitioner a##e*ed, inter a#ia, t,at s,e -as t,e on#% (,i#d o+ t,e
Spo'ses Severino GonAa#es and G'ana Li.ertad. A (ertain Ni(anor Ga(into -as iss'ed
a Certi)(ate o+ Sa#e dated G'#% ;;, ;F;E over +riar #and, a par(e# o+ #and 8no-n as
t,e Ta#a Estate, -it, an area o+ <1.0D1 ,e(tares. Ga(into, t,erea+ter, e=e('ted an
Assi*n$ent o+ Sa#e Certi)(ate dated Nove$.er C, ;F<B in +avor o+ t,e petitioner>s
+at,er Severino GonAa#es, -,i(, -as d'#% approved .% t,e 'rea' o+ Lands. T,e
petitioner +'rt,er narrated t,at prior to t,e Se(ond :or#d :ar, ,er parents o(('pied
t,e propert% (ontin'o's#%, open#% and in t,e (on(ept o+ o-ner. A+ter t,e deat, o+
,er +at,er and $ot,er in ;FCE and ;FC<, respe(tive#%, s,e o(('pied t,e said
propert% t,ro'*, ,er overseers, open#% and in t,e (on(ept o+ o-ner .ein* t,e so#e
,eir t,ereo+. @o-ever, s,e -as not a.#e to se('re a Torrens tit#e over t,e propert%
.ased on t,e said (erti)(ates .e(a'se o+ #i$ited instr'(tion. T,e petitioner +'rt,er
a##e*ed t,at Os(ar L. U%, in (onnivan(e -it, t,e ot,er de+endants, (a'sed t,e
+a#si)(ation o+ t,e Deed o+ Assi*n$ent dated Nove$.er <;, ;F0B over t,e said
par(e# o+ #and p'rported#% e=e('ted .% Severino GonAa#es in +avor o+ Pedro and
A#e&a GonAa#es" on t,e .asis t,ereo+, TCT No. C<;<B -as iss'ed to t,e #atter on
Gan'ar% F, ;FC;" t,is -as #ater (an(e##ed on G'ne D, ;FCD -,en TCT No. CCDD -as
iss'ed to and in t,e na$es o+ Pa'#a ernardo Hda. de GonAa#es, et a#." and -,i(,, in
t'rn, -as (an(e##ed .% TCT No. CCF1 iss'ed in t,e na$e o+ Os(ar U% on G'ne D,
;FCD. TCT No. ;E1004FCF25 -as, t,erea+ter, iss'ed on G'#% ;, ;FC2 in t,e na$es o+
Re$edios Mer(ado, et a#. T,e petitioner +'rt,er a##e*ed t,at a portion o+ t,e
propert% identi)ed as Lot 2FB -as so#d to Mar(e#ina Saran*a%a on Ma% <0, ;FB;,2
-,o -as iss'ed TCT No. 2DED1 t,ere+or. S,e (#ai$ed t,at t,e said deed o+
assi*n$ent e=e('ted in +avor o+ Pedro and A#e&a GonAa#es, and t,e tit#es iss'ed on
t,e .asis t,ereo+ -ere n'## and void. T,e petitioner a#so a##e*ed in ,er (o$p#aint
t,at s,e -as a#read% D0 %ears o#d.
To s'pport ,er app#i(ation +or a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion, t,e petitioner a##e*ed
t,e +o##o-in*3
a.P#ainti9, as s,o-n in t,e pre(edin* para*rap,s and ind'.ita.#% .% t,e
Assi*n$ent o+ Sa#e Certi)(ate No. D<< dated Nove$.er C, ;F<B 4Anne= JAK ,ereo+5,
is t,e a.so#'te o-ner o+ t,e s'.&e(t par(e# o+ #and, Lot 2FB Ta#a Estate, and, as
s'(,, s,e ,as t,e ri*,t to .e prote(ted +ro$ +'rt,er a(ts o+ #and *ra..in* and a(ts
o+ dispositions .% t,e de+endants7deve#opers"
..De+endants7deve#opers ,avin* a#read% s'.divided and so#d s'.stantia# portions
are .ent to (ontin'e to +'rt,er s'.divide and se## t,e ot,er portions o+ t,e s'.&e(t
properties o+ t,e p#ainti9 i+ not ordered to desist .% at #east a te$porar% restrainin*
order and, t,erea+ter, .% -rit o+ pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion"
(.P#ainti9 ,as a#read% s'9ered and -i## inevita.#% (ontin'e to s'9er *rave and
irrepara.#e da$a*es and in&'ries i+ de+endants7deve#opers and?or t,eir privies or
trans+erees7in7interest, t,e ,erein ot,er de+endants, are not prevented +ro$ +'rt,er
s'.dividin* and se##in* s'.divided #ots o+ t,e s'.&e(t par(e# o+ #and and +ro$
.'i#din* str'(t'res and introd'(in* ot,er i$prove$ents t,ereon"
d.P#ainti9 is read% to p't 'p t,e .ond in s'(, a$o'nt reasona.#% )=ed to ans-er
+or an% da$a*e in t,e event t,at p#ainti9 is )na##% ad&'d*ed as not to .e entit#ed to
re#ie+ o+ in&'n(tion.F
In ,is ans-er;E to t,e (o$p#aint, t,e respondent asserted, a$on* ot,ers, t,at ,e
.o'*,t Lot 2FB in *ood +ait, and +or va#'a.#e (onsideration. Contrar% to t,e
petitioner>s (#ai$ t,at t,e propert% -as in ,er possession,;; it -as ,e -,o ,ad
.een in (ontin'o's possession t,ereo+. Moreover, as a*ainst t,e Deed o+
Assi*n$ent o+ Sa#e Certi)(ate No. D<<, t,e tit#e iss'ed 'nder ,is na$e, TCT No.
<DE2B<, s,o'#d prevai#.;<
Upon $otion o+ t,e petitioner, t,e tria# (o'rt ordered t,e (onso#idation o+ Civi# Case
No. C710D -it, anot,er (ase re#atin* to Lot 2FB, Civi# Case No. C7;DB1F, ear#ier )#ed
and pendin* -it, t,e RTC, ran(, ;0E,;0 presided .% G'd*e Gai$e T. @a$o%.;C
D'rin* t,e A'*'st <E, ;FFF ,earin* o+ t,e petitioner>s p#ea +or a -rit o+ pre#i$inar%
in&'n(tion, Santos A#.er(a -as presented as -itness. A#.er(a testi)ed t,at ,e -as
so$e,o- re#ated to t,e petitioner;1 and ,ad .een t,e overseer o+ t,e #atter>s
propert%, Lots 2FB, 2FD and 2FF, sin(e ;FFC.;B @e narrated t,at -,en s6'atters
o(('pied a portion o+ t,e propert%, ,e (on+ronted t,e$ and de$anded proo+ o+ t,eir
tit#e" t,e #atter +ai#ed to do so. A#.er(a ad$itted, ,o-ever, t,at t,e petitioner ,ad no
proo+ t,at t,e s'.&e(t properties -ere in ,er na$e,;D and t,at ,e -as not a-are
-,et,er t,ere -as a pro(eedin*, testate or intestate, (on(ernin* t,e estate o+ t,e
#ate Severino GonAa#es, t,e petitioner>s a##e*ed +at,er. T,e respondent did not
add'(e an% eviden(e.
On G'ne C, <EE<, t,e tria# (o'rt iss'ed an Order;2 *rantin* t,e app#i(ation +or a -rit
o+ pre#i$inar% pro,i.itor% in&'n(tion, en&oinin* t,e de+endants t,erein +ro$ +'rt,er
s'.dividin* t,e disp'ted par(e# o+ #and 8no-n as Lot 2FB o+ t,e Ta#a Estate #o(ated
in Ca$arin, Ca#oo(an Cit%, and +ro$ se##in* or en('$.erin*, or ot,er-ise,
ne*otiatin* an% portion t,ereo+ and +ro$ .'i#din* or (onstr'(tin* an% str'(t'res or
i$prove$ents t,ereon, as -e## as +ro$ .'##doAin*, #eve#in* or s(rappin* or
e=(avatin* an% portion t,ereo+ or +ro$ t,e entr% o+ an% i##e*a# o(('pants or an%
portion t,ereo+ and +ro$ (o$$ittin* +'rt,er a(ts o+ dispossession t,ereon, 'pon
postin*, .% t,e petitioner as t,e p#ainti9 t,erein, o+ an in&'n(tive .ond in t,e
a$o'nt o+ One Mi##ion Pesos 4P;,EEE,EEE.EE5. T,e tria# (o'rt r'#ed t,at, .ased on
t,e Assi*n$ent o+ Sa#e Certi)(ate dated Nove$.er C, ;F<B and .ein* t,e #one ,eir
o+ t,e Spo'ses GonAa#es, t,e petitioner .e(a$e t,e o-ner o+ Lots 2FB, 2FD and
2FF. T,'s, t,e tria# (o'rt (on(#'ded t,at t,e tit#e over Lot 2FB iss'ed to t,e
respondent -as sp'rio's and +a#si)ed.;F
A+ter t,e petitioner posted a .ond o+ P;,EEE,EEE.EE, t,e tria# (o'rt iss'ed a -rit o+
pre#i$inar% pro,i.itor% in&'n(tion<E on G'#% ;, <EE<, en&oinin* t,e respondent and
t,e ot,er de+endants and a## t,eir attorne%s, representatives, a*ents and ot,er
persons assistin* t,e$, or a(tin* in t,eir .e,a#+ or -,o derived t,eir ri*,ts and
o(('pan(% +ro$ t,e$, +ro$ deve#opin*, $ovin*, #eve#in* or ,a'#in* eart," +ro$
+'rt,er s'.dividin* an% portion o+ Lot 2FB o+ t,e Ta#a Estate, sit'ated in Ca#oo(an
Cit%" +ro$ (onstr'(tin*?.'i#din* an% str'(t're t,ereon o+ an% 8ind or en(#osin* an%
portion t,ereo+ -it, +en(e" +ro$ se##in* or o9erin* to se##, #easin* or, ot,er-ise,
o(('p%in* an% portion t,ereo+" and +ro$ +'rt,er introd'(in* or a##o-in* an% entr% o+
ot,er persons in an% portion o+ t,e said #ot.<;
T,e S,eri9 >s Partia# Report<< dated A'*'st ;F, <EE< stated t,at t,e de+endants
re+'sed to (o$p#% -it, t,e said -rit o+ in&'n(tion iss'ed .% t,e (o'rt. T,'s, on
A'*'st <0, <EE<, t,e petitioner )#ed a $otion +or t,e iss'an(e o+ a -rit o+
pre#i$inar% $andator% in&'n(tion, servin* a (op% t,ereo+ on t,e respondent on
A'*'st <<, <EE<.
For ,is part, t,e respondent )#ed a $otion +or t,e disso#'tion<C o+ t,e -rit o+
pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion -,i(, t,e tria# (o'rt iss'ed on G'#% ;, <EE<, a##e*in* t,at t,e
petitioner ,ad no Torrens tit#e over Lot 2FB. @e +'rt,er a##e*ed t,at as it appears
+ro$ t,e +a(e o+ TCT No. 2DED1 iss'ed in t,e na$e o+ An*e#ina Saran*a%a and TCT
No. <DE2B<, t,e tit#e iss'ed in ,is na$e, t,e s'.&e(t propert% -as +ree +ro$ an%
#iens, (#ai$s or en('$.ran(es o+ -,atever nat're. @e, #i8e-ise, a##e*ed t,at t,e
petitioner (o'#d a$p#% prote(t -,atever ri*,t s,e ,ad over t,e propert% via an
annotation o+ a noti(e o+ #is pendens. Fina##%, t,e respondent (#ai$ed t,at ,e -as
never noti)ed o+ t,e ,earin* +or t,e iss'an(e o+ a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion nor
+'rnis,ed -it, a (op% o+ t,e tria# (o'rt>s G'ne C, <EE< Order.
On De(e$.er ;<, <EE<, t,e tria# (o'rt iss'ed an Order<1 den%in* t,e $otion to
disso#ve t,e -rit o+ pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion. On even date, t,e tria# (o'rt iss'ed
anot,er order<B *rantin* t,e petitioner>s app#i(ation +or a -rit o+ pre#i$inar%
$andator% in&'n(tion on a .ond o+ P<,EEE,EEE.EE.<D On Gan'ar% ;B, <EE0, t,e tria#
(o'rt iss'ed a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% $andator% in&'n(tion<2 orderin* S,eri9
Perseverando C. Pan*an to p#a(e t,e petitioner in t,e possession o+ Lot 2FB o+ t,e
Ta#a Estate.
T,e respondent re(eived a (op% o+ t,e -rit o+ pre#i$inar% $andator% in&'n(tion on
De(e$.er <B, <EE<, -it, an a((o$pan%in* noti(e +ro$ t,e s,eri9 orderin* ,i$ to
va(ate t,e propert%. On Gan'ar% <;, <EE0, t,e respondent )#ed a petition +or
(ertiorari<F 'nder R'#e B1 o+ t,e Revised R'#es o+ Co'rt -it, t,e Co'rt o+ Appea#s
4CA5 +or t,e n'##i)(ation o+ t,e G'ne C, <EE< and De(e$.er ;<, <EE< Orders o+ t,e
tria# (o'rt. T,e (ase -as do(8eted as CA7G.R. SP No. D1E<E.
ased on t,e S,eri9 >s Partia# Report0E dated Gan'ar% <C, <EE0, statin* t,at t,ere
-ere str'(t'res ere(ted in t,e s'.&e(t propert%, t,e petitioner +ort,-it, )#ed a
$otion in t,e tria# (o'rt +or t,eir re$ova# t,ere+ro$ on Fe.r'ar% C, <EE0.0;
In ,is petition .e+ore t,e CA, t,e respondent a##e*ed t,at aside +ro$ t,e Deed o+
Assi*n$ent o+ Sa#e Certi)(ate No. D<<, t,e petitioner ,ad no ot,er do('$entar% or
testi$onia# eviden(e to prove ,er o-ners,ip over t,e propert%. @e averred t,at t,e
petitioner +ai#ed to se('re a Torrens tit#e over t,e propert% over a span o+ DE %ears.
T,e respondent, #i8e-ise, pointed o't t,at even i+ Assi*n$ent o+ Sa#e Certi)(ate No.
D<< -as, indeed, +or*ed, t,e petitioner nevert,e#ess +ai#ed to add'(e eviden(e o+
,is parti(ipation t,erein. @e a#so a##e*ed t,at t,e assai#ed orders and -rits o+ t,e
tria# (o'rt, in e9e(t, disposed o+ t,e $ain (ase, and $aintained t,at ,e (o'#d not .e
deprived o+ ,is possession o+ t,e propert% via a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% $andator%
in&'n(tion. @e reiterated t,at ,e p'r(,ased t,e s'.&e(t propert% in *ood +ait, and
+or va#'a.#e (onsideration.
On Apri# 0E, <EE0, t,e CA rendered &'d*$ent *ivin* d'e (o'rse and *rantin* t,e
petition. T,e appe##ate (o'rt ,e#d t,at in iss'in* t,e assai#ed orders and -rits
a*ainst t,e respondent, t,e tria# (o'rt (o$$itted a *rave a.'se o+ its dis(retion.
T,e petitioner )#ed a $otion +or re(onsideration o+ t,e de(ision, -,i(, -as denied
.% t,e appe##ate (o'rt. S,e t,en )#ed t,e instant petition +or revie- on (ertiorari,
a##e*in* t,at t,e CA erred in not dis$issin* t,e respondent>s petition +or (ertiorari
+or ,avin* .een )#ed o't o+ ti$e, and t,at t,e appe##ate (o'rt, #i8e-ise, erred in
n'##i+%in* t,e assai#ed orders and -rits iss'ed .% t,e tria# (o'rt.
T,e petitioner avers t,at t,e respondent )#ed ,is petition +or (ertiorari -it, t,e CA
on#% on Gan'ar% <;, <EE0, -e## .e%ond t,e si=t% 4BE57da% period t,ere+or, (o'nted
+ro$ ,is re(eipt o+ t,e tria# (o'rt>s G'ne C, <EE< Order, *rantin* ,er p#ea +or a -rit o+
pre#i$inar% pro,i.itor% in&'n(tion. S,e asserts t,at t,e CA s,o'#d ,ave dis$issed
t,e sa$e on s'(, *ro'nd.
In ,is (o$$ent on t,e petition, t,e respondent avers t,at ,e -as never oL(ia##%
served -it, a (op% o+ t,e G'ne C, <EE< Order o+ t,e tria# (o'rt.
:e ,ave $eti('#o's#% revie-ed t,e re(ords and )nd t,at, indeed, t,e respondent
-as not served -it, a (op% o+ t,e tria# (o'rt>s G'ne C, <EE< Order. T,e re(ords s,o-
t,at -,i#e t,e respondent -as represented .% t,e Map'nan I$peria# Pana*'iton N
on*o#an La- Fir$, s'(, (o'nse# -as not a$on* t,ose -,o -ere +'rnis,ed (opies
o+ t,e said order .% re*istered $ai#.0< Even in t,e S,eri9 >s Partia# Ret'rn dated
A'*'st ;F, <EE<, t,ere is no s,o-in* t,at a (op% o+ t,e -rit o+ pre#i$inar%
in&'n(tion iss'ed .% t,e tria# (o'rt on G'#% ;, <EE< -as served on t,e respondent
and?or t,ro'*, ,is (o'nse#.
T,e Co'rt a#so notes t,at t,e respondent>s (o'nse# -as not even served -it, a (op%
o+ t,e petitioner>s app#i(ation +or a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% $andator% in&'n(tion )#ed on
A'*'st <0, <EE<. T,e respondent -as persona##% served -it, a (op% t,ereo+ on
A'*'st <<, <EE<, in -,i(, it -as $ere#% a##e*ed t,at t,e tria# (o'rt iss'ed an Order
on G'ne C, <EE<, *rantin* t,e petitioner>s p#ea +or a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion,
and t,at a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% pro,i.itor% in&'n(tion -as, #i8e-ise, iss'ed on G'#% ;,
<EE<. T,e respondent t,en )#ed ,is $otion +or t,e disso#'tion o+ t,e G'#% ;, <EE<
:rit o+ Pre#i$inar% In&'n(tion on A'*'st <F, <EE< and )#ed ,is Opposition dated
Septe$.er 1, <EE< to t,e petitioner>s app#i(ation +or a -rit o+ pre#i$inar%
$andator% in&'n(tion. Upon ,is re(eipt on De(e$.er <B, <EE< o+ t,e tria# (o'rt>s
De(e$.er ;<, <EE< Order *rantin* t,e petitioner>s app#i(ation +or a -rit o+
pre#i$inar% $andator% in&'n(tion and den%in* ,is $otion +or t,e disso#'tion o+ t,e
G'#% ;, <EE< :rit o+ Pre#i$inar% In&'n(tion, t,e respondent )#ed ,is petition +or
(ertiorari -it, t,e CA on Gan'ar% <;, <EE0. Under Se(tion C, R'#e B1 o+ t,e R'#es o+
Co'rt, t,e si=t% 4BE57da% period s,a## .e (o'nted +ro$ re(eipt o+ t,e noti(e o+ t,e
reso#'tion den%in* t,e $otion +or re(onsideration o+ t,e assai#ed order o+ t,e
tri.'na#3
Se(.OC.:,en and -,ere petition )#ed./T,e petition s,a## .e )#ed not #ater t,an
si=t% 4BE5 da%s +ro$ noti(e o+ t,e &'d*$ent, order or reso#'tion. In (ase a $otion +or
re(onsideration or ne- tria# is ti$e#% )#ed, -,et,er s'(, $otion is re6'ired or not,
t,e si=t% 4BE5 da% period s,a## .e (o'nted +ro$ noti(e o+ t,e denia# o+ said $otion.
T,e petition s,a## .e )#ed in t,e S'pre$e Co'rt or, i+ it re#ates to t,e a(ts or
o$issions o+ a #o-er (o'rt or o+ a (orporation, .oard, oL(er or person, in t,e
Re*iona# Tria# Co'rt e=er(isin* &'risdi(tion over t,e territoria# area as de)ned .% t,e
S'pre$e Co'rt. It $a% a#so .e )#ed in t,e Co'rt o+ Appea#s -,et,er or not t,e sa$e
is in aid o+ its appe##ate &'risdi(tion, or in t,e Sandi*an.a%an i+ it is in aid o+ its
appe##ate &'risdi(tion. I+ it invo#ves t,e a(ts or o$issions o+ a 6'asi7&'di(ia# a*en(%,
'n#ess ot,er-ise provided .% #a- or t,ese r'#es, t,e petition s,a## .e )#ed in and
(o*niAa.#e on#% .% t,e Co'rt o+ Appea#s.
No e=tension o+ ti$e to )#e t,e petition s,a## .e *ranted e=(ept +or (o$pe##in*
reason and in no (ase e=(eedin* )+teen 4;15 da%s.
T,'s, t,e respondent>s petition +or (ertiorari .e+ore t,e CA )#ed on De(e$.er <B,
<EE< assai#in* t,e De(e$.er ;<, <EE< Order o+ t,e RTC den%in* ,is $otion to
disso#ve t,e G'#% ;, <EE< :rit o+ Pre#i$inar% In&'n(tion iss'ed .% t,e tria# (o'rt and
*rantin* t,e petitioner>s app#i(ation +or a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% $andator% in&'n(tion
-as )#ed -e## -it,in t,e si=t% 4BE57da% re*#e$entar% period t,ere+or.
T,e petitioner asserts t,at t,e CA +o('sed on t,e pro.ative -ei*,t o+ t,e eviden(e
add'(ed .e+ore t,e tria# (o'rt instead o+ on t,e iss'e o+ -,et,er t,e said (o'rt
(o$$itted *rave a.'se o+ its dis(retion a$o'ntin* to e=(ess or #a(8 o+ &'risdi(tion
in iss'in* t,e assai#ed orders and -rits o+ pre#i$inar% pro,i.itor% and $andator%
in&'n(tion. :orse, t,e petitioner ar*'es, t,e )ndin*s o+ t,e tria# (o'rt -,i(, -ere
.ased on t,e eviden(e add'(ed .% ,er and as pointed o't in ,er Me$orand'$ -ere
reversed .% t,e CA. S,e insists t,at s,e ,as a (#ear #e*a# ri*,t over Lot 2FB -,i(,
&'sti)ed t,e iss'an(e o+ t,e -rits o+ pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion 4pro,i.itor% and
$andator%5. T,e petitioner $aintains t,at in *rantin* t,e respondent>s petition +or
(ertiorari, t,e appe##ate (o'rt re#ied so#e#% on 'nproven +a(ts and +ai#ed to
di9erentiate a -rit o+ pro,i.itor% in&'n(tion +ro$ a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% $andator%
in&'n(tion.
T,e petitioner>s (ontentions ,ave no +a(t'a# and #e*a# .asis.
The RTC Committed Grave Abuse of
Its Discretion Amounting to Excess
of Jurisdiction in Issuing the June 4,
22 and December !2, 22 "rders,
as #e$$ as the Ju$% !, 22 &rit of
're$iminar% 'rohibitor% In(unction)
Pre+atori#%, t,e )ndin*s and (on(#'sions o+ t,e tria# (o'rt on t,e propriet% o+ t,e
iss'an(e o+ in&'n(tive -rits are pre$ised so#e#% on initia# eviden(e and s,o'#d .e
(onsidered $ere#% as provisiona#.00 Se(tion 0, R'#e 12 o+ t,e R'#es o+ Co'rt
provides t,at a pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion $a% .e *ranted -,en t,e +o##o-in* are
esta.#is,ed3
4a5T,at t,e App#i(ant is entit#ed to t,e re#ie+ de$anded, and t,e -,o#e or part o+
s'(, re#ie+ (onsists in restrainin* t,e (o$$ission or (ontin'an(e o+ t,e a(t or a(ts
(o$p#ained o+, or in re6'irin* t,e per+or$an(e o+ an a(t or a(ts, eit,er +or a #i$ited
period or perpet'a##%"

4.5T,at t,e (o$$ission, (ontin'an(e or non7per+or$an(e o+ t,e a(t or a(ts
(o$p#ained o+ d'rin* t,e #iti*ation -o'#d pro.a.#% -or8 in&'sti(e to t,e app#i(ant" or
4(5T,at t,e part%, (o'rt, a*en(% or a person is doin*, t,reatenin*, or is atte$ptin*
to do, or is pro('rin* or s'9erin* to .e done, so$e a(t or a(ts pro.a.#% in vio#ation
o+ t,e ri*,ts o+ t,e app#i(ant respe(tin* t,e s'.&e(t o+ t,e a(tion or pro(eedin*, and
tendin* to render t,e &'d*$ent ine9e(t'a#.
An in&'n(tive -rit $a% .e iss'ed -,en t,e +o##o-in* re6'isites are esta.#is,ed3
;.T,e invasion o+ t,e ri*,t is $ateria# and s'.stantia#"
<.T,e ri*,t o+ (o$p#ainant is (#ear and 'n$ista8a.#e"
0.T,ere is an 'r*ent and per$anent ne(essit% +or t,e -rit to prevent serio's
da$a*e.0C
T,'s, t,e petitioner, as p#ainti9, -as .'rdened to add'(e testi$onia# and?or
do('$entar% eviden(e to esta.#is, ,er ri*,t to t,e in&'n(tive -rits. It $'st .e
stressed t,at in&'n(tion is not desi*ned to prote(t (ontin*ent or +'t're ri*,ts, and,
as s'(,, t,e possi.i#it% o+ irrepara.#e da$a*e -it,o't proo+ o+ a(t'a# e=istin* ri*,t
is no *ro'nd +or an in&'n(tion.01 A (#ear and positive ri*,t espe(ia##% (a##in* +or
&'di(ia# prote(tion $'st .e esta.#is,ed. In&'n(tion is not a re$ed% to prote(t or
en+or(e (ontin*ent, a.stra(t, or +'t're ri*,ts" it -i## not iss'e to prote(t a ri*,t not
in esse and -,i(, $a% never arise, or to restrain an a(tion -,i(, did not *ive rise to
a (a'se o+ a(tion. T,ere $'st .e an e=isten(e o+ an a(t'a# ri*,t.0B @en(e, -,ere
t,e p#ainti9>s ri*,t or tit#e is do'.t+'# or disp'ted, in&'n(tion is not proper.
An in&'n(tive re$ed% $a% on#% .e resorted to -,en t,ere is a pressin* ne(essit% to
avoid in&'rio's (onse6'en(es -,i(, (annot .e re$edied 'nder an% standard
(o$pensation.0D T,e possi.i#it% o+ irrepara.#e da$a*e -it,o't proo+ o+ an a(t'a#
e=istin* ri*,t -o'#d not &'sti+% in&'n(tive re#ie+ in ,is +avor.02
In de(idin* -,et,er to *rant an in&'n(tion, a (o'rt $'st (onsider esta.#is,ed
prin(ip#es o+ e6'it% and a## t,e (ir('$stan(es o+ t,e (ase. T,e test +or iss'in* an
in&'n(tion is -,et,er t,e +a(ts s,o- a ne(essit% +or t,e intervention o+ e6'it% in
order to prote(t ri*,ts (o*niAa.#e in e6'it%.0F
In *enera#, a tria# (o'rt>s de(ision to *rant or to den% in&'n(tive re#ie+ -i## not .e set
aside on appea# 'n#ess t,e (o'rt a.'sed its dis(retion. In *rantin* or den%in*
in&'n(tive re#ie+, a (o'rt a.'ses its dis(retion -,en it #a(8s &'risdi(tion, +ai#s to
(onsider and $a8e a re(ord o+ t,e +a(tors re#evant to its deter$ination, re#ies on
(#ear#% erroneo's +a(t'a# )ndin*s, (onsiders (#ear#% irre#evant or i$proper +a(tors,
(#ear#% *ives too $'(, -ei*,t to one +a(tor, re#ies on erroneo's (on(#'sions o+ #a-
or e6'it%, or $isapp#ies its +a(t'a# or #e*a# (on(#'sions.CE In t,e a.sen(e o+ a (#ear
#e*a# ri*,t, t,e iss'an(e o+ t,e in&'n(tive -rit (onstit'tes *rave a.'se o+ dis(retion.
As t,e Co'rt ,ad t,e o((asion to state in O#a#ia v. @iAon3C;
It ,as .een (onsistent#% ,e#d t,at t,ere is no po-er t,e e=er(ise o+ -,i(, is $ore
de#i(ate, -,i(, re6'ires *reater (a'tion, de#i.eration and so'nd dis(retion, or $ore
dan*ero's in a do'.t+'# (ase, t,an t,e iss'an(e o+ an in&'n(tion. It is t,e stron* ar$
o+ e6'it% t,at s,o'#d never .e e=tended 'n#ess to (ases o+ *reat in&'r%, -,ere
(o'rts o+ #a- (annot a9ord an ade6'ate or (o$$ens'rate re$ed% in da$a*es.
Ever% (o'rt s,o'#d re$e$.er t,at an in&'n(tion is a #i$itation 'pon t,e +reedo$ o+
a(tion o+ t,e de+endant and s,o'#d not .e *ranted #i*,t#% or pre(ipitate#%. It s,o'#d
.e *ranted on#% -,en t,e (o'rt is +'##% satis)ed t,at t,e #a- per$its it and t,e
e$er*en(% de$ands it.C<
T,e tria# (o'rt *ranted t,e petitioner>s p#ea +or t,e iss'an(e o+ a -rit o+ pre#i$inar%
pro,i.itor% in&'n(tion an(,ored on t,e +o##o-in* )ndin*s it $ade in #i*,t o+ t,e
eviden(e presented3 4a5 Severino GonAa#es a(6'ired e6'ita.#e tit#e over Lot 2FB
.ased on t,e deed o+ assi*n$ent e=e('ted .% Ni(anor Ga(into o+ ,is ri*,ts as
vendee 'nder Certi)(ate o+ Sa#e No. D<<" 4.5 t,e petitioner in,erited t,e propert%,
.ein* t,e da'*,ter and so#e ,eir o+ Severino GonAa#es" 4(5 (onsiderin* t,at
Certi)(ate o+ Sa#e No. D<< and TCT No. CCDD -ere iss'ed on t,e sa$e date and
ti$e as appearin* on pa*es ;<D and ;C1 o+ t,e Re*istr% oo8, TCT No. CCDD -as
(#ear#% sp'rio's" and 4d5 t,e -rits iss'ed -ere needed to prevent t,e inP'en(e o+
s6'atters, t,e sa#e or #ease o+ portions o+ t,e propert% to inno(ent t,ird parties, and
t,e (onstr'(tion o+ i##e*a# str'(t'res t,ereon.C0
On t,e ot,er ,and, t,e CA r'#ed t,at t,e RTC (o$$itted a *rave a.'se o+ its
dis(retion a$o'ntin* to e=(ess o+ &'risdi(tion in *rantin* t,e petitioner>s p#ea +or a
-rit o+ pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion, t,'s3
For a petition +or a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion to prosper, it $'st .e s,o-n t,at
t,e invasion o+ t,e ri*,t so'*,t to .e prote(ted is $ateria# and s'.stantia#, t,at t,e
ri*,t o+ (o$p#ainant is (#ear and 'n$ista8a.#e, and t,at t,ere is an 'r*ent and
para$o'nt ne(essit% +or t,e -rit to prevent serio's da$a*e. T,e re6'isites +or an
in&'n(tive -rit to .e iss'ed are3 4;5 t,at t,e petitioner?app#i(ant $'st ,ave a (#ear
and 'n$ista8a.#e ri*,t" 4<5 t,at t,ere is a $ateria# and s'.stantia# invasion o+ s'(,
ri*,t" and 405 t,at t,ere is an 'r*ent and per$anent ne(essit% +or t,e -rit to
prevent serio's da$a*e.
In t,e (ase at .ar, private respondent +ai#ed to s,o-, at #east +or no-, t,at s,e ,as a
(#ear #e*a# ri*,t over t,e s'.&e(t propert%.
S,e ,as not presented an% va#id tit#e nor ,as s,e ever .een in e9e(tive (ontro# and
possession o+ t,e propert% s,e (#ai$s to .e ,er o-n. Private respondent did not and
+ai#ed to present spe(i)( a(ts o+ o-ners,ip to s'.stantiate ,er (#ai$ o+ o-ners,ip
and s,o'#d not ,ave &'st o9ered $ere a##e*ations o+ +a(ts and (on(#'sions o+ #a-,
.'t +a(t'a# eviden(e o+ possession and?or o-ners,ip o+ t,e propert%. Private
respondent>s re#ian(e on ,er (#ai$ t,at s,e in,erited t,e s'.&e(t propert% +ro$ ,er
a##e*ed +at,er, Severino GonAa#es, -,o -as p'rported#% an assi*nee in an
Assi*n$ent o+ Sa#e e=e('ted so$eti$e on Nove$.er C, ;F<B, is not s'.stantia#
eno'*, to esta.#is, ,er (#ear and 'n$ista8a.#e ri*,t over t,e s'.&e(t propert%. On
t,e (ontrar%, it is t,e petitioner -,o ,as tit#e to t,e propert%, as eviden(ed .%
Trans+er Certi)(ate o+ Tit#e No. <DE2B<, iss'ed in ,is na$e, on Septe$.er ;B, ;FF0,
.% t,e Re*ister o+ Deeds o+ Ca#oo(an Cit%. A#t,o'*, tit#e does not vest o-ners,ip, a
Torrens (erti)(ate is eviden(e o+ an inde+easi.#e tit#e to propert% in +avor o+ t,e
person -,ose na$e appears t,ereon.
. . .
Fina##%, private respondent a#so +ai#ed to s,o- t,e e=isten(e o+ e=tre$e 'r*en(%
ne(essitatin* t,e iss'an(e o+ t,e assai#ed -rit to prevent serio's da$a*e to ,er. As
pointed o't ear#ier, s,e possesses no (#ear tit#e to t,e propert% nor is s,e in
e9e(tive (ontro# and possession o+ t,e sa$e, s'(, t,at, t,ere is no 'r*ent and
para$o'nt ne(essit% +or t,e -rit to iss'e +or t,e p'rpose o+ preventin* serio's
da$a*e to t,e private respondent. On t,e (ontrar%, it is t,e petitioner -,o stands
to s'9er *reat da$a*e and in&'r%, as ,e stands to #ose in t,e $eanti$e, ,is +a(tor%
sit'ated on t,e s'.&e(t propert%, i+ and -,en t,e -rit iss'ed .% t,e respondent
&'d*e is i$p#e$ented.
As a )na# point, t,is (o'rt )nds it dist'r.in*, t,e pre$at're i+ not 'ns'pported
(on(#'sion o+ t,e respondent &'d*e as re*ards t,e tit#e o+ t,e petitioner and t,at o+
t,e ot,er (o7de+endants, ,o#din* t,at t,e #atter ,ave no ri*,t -,atsoever over t,e
propert% in #iti*ation, on t,e .asis on#% o+ t,e a##e*ation (ontained in t,e (o$p#aint
and t,e atta(,$ents t,ereto, and t,e .are testi$on% o+ a s'pposed overseer o+ t,e
private respondent over t,e propert%. It -o'#d appear to 's t,at t,e respondent
&'d*e ,ad a#read% arrived at a (on(#'sive )ndin* o+ o-ners,ip o+ t,e s'.&e(t
propert%, -,i(, )ndin* o+ o-ners,ip in +avor o+ t,e private respondent is sti##
i$proper at t,at sta*e o+ t,e pro(eedin*. :,i#e in *enera#, (o'rts s,o'#d avoid
iss'in* a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion -,i(,, in e9e(t, disposes o+ t,e $ain (ase
-it,o't tria#, t,is is pre(ise#% t,e e9e(t o+ t,e -rit o+ pre#i$inar% $andator%
in&'n(tion iss'ed .% t,e respondent &'d*e.CC
:e ,ave revie-ed t,e re(ords and )nd t,at t,e de(ision o+ t,e CA is in a((ord -it,
#a-. Contrar% to t,e petitioner>s assertion, t,e appe##ate (o'rt, in +a(t, reso#ved t,e
iss'e o+ -,et,er t,e tria# (o'rt (o$$itted a *rave a.'se o+ its dis(retion in iss'in*
t,e assai#ed orders, and, in so doin*, .ased its de(ision on t,e re(ords and t,e
eviden(e add'(ed .% t,e petitioner.
First. T,e petitioner +ai#ed to prove, .% an% o+ t,e $eans provided .% #a-,C1 t,at
s,e is t,e da'*,ter and on#% ,eir o+ Severino GonAa#es. Fi#iation and paternit% $'st
.e &'di(ia##% esta.#is,ed. It (annot .e #e+t to t,e -i## or a*ree$ent o+ t,e parties.CB
T,e Co'rt notes t,at t,e petitioner opted not to testi+%. S,e re#ied so#e#% on t,e
testi$on% o+ Santos A#.er(a, -,o testi)ed on dire(t e=a$ination t,at t,e petitioner
-as ,is a'nt, and, .ein* t,e on#% (,i#d and ,eir o+ Severino GonAa#es, -as t,e
o-ner o+ t,e propert%.CD @o-ever, on (ross7e=a$ination, A#.er(a (o'#d not e=p#ain
,o- ,e .e(a$e t,e petitioner>s nep,e-, and (o'#d not des(ri.e t,e nat're o+ ,is
)#iation -it, ,er3
Q3!o' said t,at t,e p#ainti9 is %o'r a'nt. Can %o' e=p#ain ,o- s,e .e(a$e %o'r
a'ntR
A3T,e A#$eda +a$i#% is t,e (o'sin o+ +a$i#%. I (annot e=p#ain ver% -e## .e(a'se it
is ver% #on* ti$e a*o, .'t I a$ re(o*niAed .% A#$eda GonAa#es as a nep,e- and I
re(o*niAe ,er as $% a'nt.
Q3Is t,at t,e .est -a% %o' (an e=p#ain %o'r ans-erR
A3I (annot re$e$.er e=a(t#% t,e +a$i#% tree o+ A#$eda GonAa#es and $% +a$i#%.C2
Se(ond. Even ass'$in*, *ratia ar*'endi, t,at s,e is rea##% t,e da'*,ter o+ t,e
Spo'ses GonAa#es, t,e petitioner sti## +ai#ed to add'(e a $orse# o+ eviden(e to prove
t,at s,e in,erited Lot 2FB 'pon t,eir deat, in ;FCE and ;FC<. As *#eaned +ro$ t,e
appenda*es o+ t,e (o$p#aint, Lot 2FB -as deeded to Ni(anor Ga(into .% t,e
*overn$ent on G'#% ;E, ;F;E 'nder Certi)(ate o+ Sa#e No. D<< e=e('ted .% t,e
Dire(tor o+ t,e 'rea' o+ Lands. On Nove$.er C, ;F<B, Ga(into e=e('ted a Deed o+
Assi*n$ent o+ Certi)(ate o+ Sa#e No. D<<, approved .% t,e Dire(tor o+ t,e 'rea' o+
Lands, in +avor o+ Severino GonAa#es and G'ana Li.ertad. T,e said deed .e(a$e
#e*a##% e9e(tive 'pon its )#in* -it, t,e 'rea' o+ P'.#i( Lands and t,e approva#
t,ereo+ .% t,e Dire(tor o+ Lands.CF @en(e, Severino GonAa#es .e(a$e t,e e6'ita.#e
o-ner o+ t,e propert% 'nder t,e deed o+ assi*n$ent,1E and 'pon ,is e=e('tion o+
t,e Deed o+ Assi*n$ent in +avor o+ Pedro GonAa#es and A#e&a GonAa#es, t,e #atter,
#i8e-ise, .e(a$e t,e e6'ita.#e o-ners o+ t,e propert%. :,en t,e Spo'ses GonAa#es
died in ;FCE and ;FC<, t,e% -ere no #on*er t,e o-ners?assi*nees o+ Lot 2FB.

@en(e, t,e petitioner (o'#d not ,ave in,erited t,e said propert% +ro$ ,er parents.
As t,e Latin ada*e *oes3 NEMO DAT QUOD NON @AET.
T,ird. T,e petitioner +ai#ed to add'(e a s(inti##a o+ eviden(e to prove ,er (#ai$ t,at
t,e Deed o+ Assi*n$ent o+ Certi)(ate o+ Sa#e e=e('ted .% Severino GonAa#es in
+avor o+ Pedro and A#e&a GonAa#es is a +or*er% or a +a#si)(ation. Case #a- ,as it t,at
+or*er% or +a#si)(ation (annot .e pres'$ed. @e -,o a##e*es +or*er% ,as t,e .'rden
o+ provin* t,e sa$e .% (#ear and (onvin(in* eviden(e.1; T,'s, +or*er% (annot .e
proved .% $ere (on&e(t'res, s'r$ises or spe('#ations. T,e .are +a(t t,at TCT Nos.
CCDD and CCF1 -ere iss'ed on t,e sa$e da% .'t -ere re(orded on t,e .oo8 o+
re*istr% on pa*es ;<D and ;C1 t,ereo+ does not (onstit'te (#ear proo+ t,at t,e said
tit#es are sp'rio's. T,ere is no s,o-in* t,at oo8 No. T7<2C in -,i(, pa*e ;<D
appears is t,e sa$e re*istr% .oo8 -,ere TCT No. CCF1 appears. T,e Co'rt +'rt,er
notes t,at t,e petitioner +ai#ed to present t,e Re*ister o+ Deeds to e=p#ain t,e
dis(repan(% a##'ded to .% ,er.
Fo'rt,. T,e petitioner ,erse#+ a##e*ed in ,er (o$p#aint t,at .ased on t,e said deed
o+ assi*n$ent in +avor o+ Pedro and A#e&a GonAa#es, TCT No. C<;<B -as iss'ed .%
t,e Re*ister o+ Deeds on Gan'ar% F, ;FC; in +avor o+ t,e said assi*nees. TCT No.
<DE2B< -as iss'ed to Mar(e#ina Saran*a%a over Lot 2FB .ased on a Deed o+ Sa#e
e=e('ted in ,er +avor on Ma% <0, ;FB;. @o-ever, t,e Spo'ses GonAa#es +ai#ed to )#e
an% a(tion to n'##i+% t,e said deed o+ assi*n$ent .e+ore t,eir deat, in ;FCE and
;FC<. Neit,er did t,e petitioner )#e an% a(tion to n'##i+% t,e said deed o+ assi*n$ent
and t,e said tit#es 'nti# Gan'ar% <0, ;FF2, -,en s,e )na##% )#ed ,er (o$p#aint
a*ainst t,e respondent and t,e ot,er de+endants in t,e RTC. Considerin* ,er
a##e*ation in t,e (o$p#aint t,at s,e -as a#read% D0 %ears o#d, s,e $'st ,ave .een
.orn so$eti$e in ;F<1. Pres(indin* t,ere+ro$, t,e petitioner $'st ,ave a#read%
.een $ore t,an <E %ears o#d s,ort#% a+ter t,e Se(ond :or#d :ar, %et, s,e +ai#ed to
)#e an% a(tion, eit,er +or t,e n'##i)(ation o+ t,e said deed o+ assi*n$ent, or to
re6'est t,e 'rea' o+ Lands +or an investi*ation re#atin* to Severino GonAa#es>
e=e('tion o+ t,e Deed o+ Assi*n$ent in +avor o+ Pedro and A#e&a GonAa#es and t,e
approva# t,ereo+ .% t,e 'rea' o+ Lands +or $ore t,an +ort% 4CE5 %ears. T,e
petitioner>s 'ne=p#ained and reso'ndin* si#en(e and ina(tion +or s'(, a
(onsidera.#e #en*t, o+ ti$e en+ee.#es ,er p#ea +or in&'n(tive re#ie+s. I+ one $aintains
si#en(e, -,en in (ons(ien(e ,e o'*,t to spea8, e6'it% -i## de.ar ,i$ +ro$ spea8in*,
-,en in (ons(ien(e ,e o'*,t to re$ain si#ent. @e -,o re$ains si#ent -,en ,e o'*,t
to spea8 (annot .e ,eard to spea8 -,en ,e s,o'#d .e si#ent.1<
Fi+t,. T,e respondent is t,e re*istered o-ner o+ Lot 2FB 'nder TCT No. <DE2B<
iss'ed on Septe$.er ;B, ;FF0. A per'sa# o+ t,e said tit#e s,o-s t,at t,e propert% is
+ree +ro$ an% #iens and?or en('$.ran(es. Moreover, t,ere is no eviden(e on re(ord
t,at t,e respondent is a .'%er in .ad +ait,. It is sett#ed do(trine t,at one -,o dea#s
-it, propert% re*istered 'nder t,e Torrens s%ste$ need not *o .e%ond t,e sa$e,
.'t on#% ,as to re#% on t,e tit#e. @e is (,ar*ed -it, noti(e on#% o+ s'(, .'rdens and
(#ai$s as are annotated on t,e tit#e.10 It is, #i8e-ise, sett#ed t,at a +ra'd'#ent or
+or*ed do('$ent o+ sa#e $a% *ive rise to a va#id tit#e i+ t,e (erti)(ate o+ tit#e ,as
a#read% .een trans+erred +ro$ t,e na$e o+ t,e tr'e o-ner to t,e na$e indi(ated .%
t,e +or*er and -,i#e it re$ained as s'(,, t,e #and -as s'.se6'ent#% so#d to an
inno(ent p'r(,aser. T,e vendee, in s'(, (ase, ,as t,e ri*,t to re#% 'pon t,e
(erti)(ate o+ tit#e.1C
Moreover, t,e respondent (onstr'(ted ,is +a(tor% on t,e said propert% in ;FFC sans
an% p#aint +ro$ t,e petitioner or A#.er(a. T,'s, .ein* t,e re*istered o-ner o+ t,e
propert% in 6'estion, ,e is entit#ed to t,e possession t,ereo+.11
Si=t,.T,e petitioner +ai#ed to prove t,at s,e -o'#d s'9er irrepara.#e in&'r% -,i(,
(annot .e ade6'ate#% (o$pensated 'n#ess t,e tria# (o'rt iss'ed a -rit o+
pre#i$inar% pro,i.itor% in&'n(tion. To repeat, t,e petitioner +ai#ed to testi+%. S,e even
+ai#ed to prove ,er (#ai$ t,at, t,ro'*, ,er overseer, s,e ,ad .een in a(t'a# p,%si(a#
possession o+ t,e propert% sin(e ,er parents> deat, .e+ore t,e Se(ond :or#d :ar 'p
to t,e ti$e s,e )#ed ,er (o$p#aint. A#.er(a testi)ed t,at ,e .e(a$e t,e petitioner>s
overseer on#% )ve %ears .e+ore ,e testi)ed on A'*'st <E, ;FFF, or so$eti$e in
;FFC, and t,at ,e -as 'na-are o+ an% overseer o+ t,e petitioner over t,e propert%3
Q3Sin(e -,en ,ave %o' .een t,e overseer o+ t,e p#ainti9 -it, re*ards to Lot 2FBR
A3Five %ears a*o, Sir.
Q3Prior to )ve %ears .e+ore %o' (a$e in, do %o' 8no- i+ t,ere -as an% overseer
e$p#o%ed .% t,e p#ainti9 -it, re*ards to Lot 2FBR
A3No, Sir.1B
It is -ort,% to note t,at t,e petitioner +ai#ed to present an% ot,er (areta8er or
overseer over t,e propert%.
T,e RTC Co$$itted Grave A.'se
o+ Dis(retion E6'iva#ent to E=(ess
o+ G'risdi(tion :,en It Granted
Petitioner>s P#ea +or a :rit o+
Pre#i$inar% Mandator% In&'n(tion
T,e CA n'##i)ed t,e tria# (o'rt>s De(e$.er ;<, <EE< Order *rantin* t,e petitioner>s
$otion +or a -rit o+ pre#i$inar% $andator% in&'n(tion, ratio(inatin* as +o##o-s3
Li8e-ise, it is a#so t,e petitioner -,o ,as .een in possession o+ t,e propert% +ro$
t,e ti$e ,e p'r(,ased t,e sa$e +ro$ Mar(e#ina Saran*a%a on Septe$.er F, ;FF0.
A possessor o+ rea# estate propert% is pres'$ed to ,ave tit#e t,ereto 'n#ess t,e
adverse (#ai$ant esta.#is,es a .etter ri*,t. To s'$$ari#% o'st petitioner o+ ,is
possession o+ t,e propert% -,i(, ,e ,as tit#e to and possession o+, is si$p#%
(ontrar% to e=istin* and sett#ed &'rispr'den(e. A (o'rt s,o'#d not .% $eans o+ a
pre#i$inar% in&'n(tion trans+er t,e propert% in #iti*ation +ro$ t,e possession o+ one
part% to anot,er -,ere t,e #e*a# tit#e is in disp'te and t,e part% ,avin* possession
asserts o-ners,ip t,ereto.
Fina##%, private respondent a#so +ai#ed to s,o- t,e e=isten(e o+ e=tre$e 'r*en(%
ne(essitatin* t,e iss'an(e o+ t,e assai#ed -rit to prevent serio's da$a*e to ,er. As
pointed o't ear#ier, s,e possesses no (#ear tit#e to t,e propert% nor is s,e in
e9e(tive (ontro# and possession o+ t,e sa$e, s'(, t,at t,ere is no 'r*ent and
para$o'nt ne(essit% +or t,e -rit to iss'e +or t,e p'rpose o+ preventin* serio's
da$a*e to t,e private respondent. On t,e (ontrar%, it is t,e petitioner -,o stands
to s'9er *reat da$a*e and in&'r%, as ,e stands to #ose in t,e $eanti$e, ,is +a(tor%
sit'ated on t,e s'.&e(t propert%, i+ and -,en t,e -rit iss'ed .% t,e respondent
&'d*e is i$p#e$ented.1D
:e a*ree -it, t,e CA. As -e r'#ed in S'.i( a% Metropo#itan A't,orit% v. Universa#
Internationa# Gro'p o+ Tai-an312
A -rit o+ $andator% in&'n(tion re6'ires t,e per+or$an(e o+ a parti('#ar a(t and is
*ranted on#% 'pon a s,o-in* o+ t,e +o##o-in* re6'isites3
;.T,e invasion o+ t,e ri*,t is $ateria# and s'.stantia#"
<.T,e ri*,t o+ a (o$p#ainant is (#ear and 'n$ista8a.#e"
0.T,ere is an 'r*ent and per$anent ne(essit% +or t,e -rit to prevent serio's
da$a*e.1F
It .ears stressin* t,at t,e respondent is t,e re*istered o-ner o+ t,e propert%"
,en(e, ,e is entit#ed to t,e possession t,ereo+. As a r'#e, a -rit o+ pre#i$inar%
$andator% in&'n(tion is not *ranted to ta8e propert% o't o+ t,e possession or
(ontro# o+ one part% to .e p#a(ed into t,at o+ anot,er -,ose tit#e ,as not .een
(#ear#% esta.#is,ed .% #a-.BE In t,is (ase, t,e petitioner +ai#ed to esta.#is, a (#ear
and 'n$ista8a.#e ri*,t to t,e possession o+ t,e propert% and to a -rit o+ pre#i$inar%
$andator% in&'n(tion. T,e tria# (o'rt prin(ipa##% re#ied on $ere a##e*ations in t,e
(o$p#aint, t,e appenda*es t,ereo+, and t,e $ea*er eviden(e on re(ord. Moreover,
t,e respondent -o'#d s'9er serio's da$a*e i+ ,e -o'#d .e o'sted o+ ,is possession
o+ t,e propert% and ,is +a(tor% de$o#is,ed.
IN LIG@T OF ALL T@E FOREGOING, t,e petition is DENIED +or #a(8 o+ $erit. T,e
assai#ed De(ision o+ t,e Co'rt o+ Appea#s is AFFIRMED. Costs a*ainst t,e petitioner.
SO ORDERED.
P'no 4C,air$an5, A'stria7MartineA, Tin*a and C,i(o7NaAario, GG., (on('r.
Petition denied, &'d*$ent aLr$ed.