cHAPTER 2 s

 equences and
series

Focus on Exam 2
1

u13 = 3,

S13 = 234

13
(a + u13) = 234
2
13
a = 3 12d ...(1) (a + 3) = 234 ...(2)
2
From (2), a = 33
5
When a = 33, 33 = 3 12d d =
2
25
5
S25 =
(2)(33) + (24)
2
2
25
= (66 60) = 75
2
2 (a) a = 1, r = 5
4
5 n
1
a(r n 1)
5 n
4
Sn =
1
=
=4
5
r1
4
1
4
(b)
Sn > 20
a + 12d = 3

1 24

12
1 2

31 2

31542 14 > 20
1542 1 > 5
1542 > 6

5
> lg 6
4
n > 8.03
The least number of terms is 9.
n lg

3 12 22 + 32 42 + + (2n 1)2 (2n)2

= 3 7 11
a = 3, d = 4
n
Sn = 36 + (n 1)(4)4
2
n
n
= (6 4n + 4) = (4n 2)
2
2
[Shown]
= n(2n + 1)

(a) 12 22 + 32 42 + + (2n 1)2 (2n)2

+ (2n + 1)2
= n(2n + 1) + (2n + 1)2
= (2n + 1)(n + 2n + 1)
= (2n + 1)(n + 1)
(b) 212 222 + 232 242 + + 392 402
= (12 22 + 32 42 + + 392 402)
(12 22 + 32 42 + + 192 202)
= S20 S10
= 20(2(20) + 1) [10(2(10) + 1)]
= 820 (210) = 610
4 d = 2
un = a + (n 1)(2) = a + 2n 2
When n = 20, u20 = a + 2(20) 2 = a + 38
S20 = 1120
20
(a + u20) = 1120
2
10(a + a + 38) = 1120
2a = 74
a = 37
u20 = a + 38 = 37 + 38 = 75
5 (a)

a = 3, d = 4, Sn = 820
n
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
n
820 = (6 + 4n 4)
2
1640 = n(2 + 4n)
n(1 + 2n) = 820
n + 2n2 820 = 0
(2n + 41)(n 20) = 0
41
n = 20 since n = is not a solution.
2
T20 = 3 + 19(4) = 79
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2013

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Updated Edition

(b) Since they form an A.P.,

(p2 + q2)2 (p2 2pq q2)2
= (p2 + 2pq q2)2 (p2 + q2)2

(p2 + q2 + p2 2pq q2)(p2 + q2 p2

+ 2pq + q2)
= (p2 + 2pq + q2 + p2 q2)(p2 + 2pq
q2 p2 q2)
(2p2 2pq)(2q2 + 2pq) = (2p2 + 2pq)
(2pq 2q2)
4pq(p q)(q + p) = 4pq(p + q)(p q)
LHS = RHS
[Shown]
6 (a) Sn = pn + qn2, S8 = 20, S13 = 39
(i) S8 = 8p + 64q
8p = 20 64q
5
j
p = 8q
2
S13 = 39
13p + 169q = 39
k
Substitute j into k,
5
13 8q + 169q = 39
2
65
104q + 169q = 39
2
13
65q =
2
1
q=
10
5
1
17
p= 8
=
2
10
10
(ii) un = Sn Sn 1
= pn + qn2 [p(n 1) + q(n 1)2]
= p(n n + 1) + q[n2 (n 1)2]
= p + q[(n + n 1)(n n + 1)]
= p + q(2n 1)(1)
17
1
+ (2n 1)
=
10 10
17 n 1
8+n
=
+
=
10 5 10
5

1 2

(iii) To show that it is an A.P.,

un un 1 = un + 1 un = d
8 + n 8 + (n 1) 8 + (n + 1)

=
5
5
5
8+n

5
2(8 + n) 8 + (n + 1) + 8 + (n 1)
=
5
5
2(8 + n) = 16 + 2n
2(8 + n) = 2(8 + n)
LHS = RHS
[Shown]
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2013

(8 + n) 8 + (n 1)

5
5
8+n8n+1 1
= = 0.2
=
5
5

d=

7 If J, K, M is a G.P., then
K M
=
J
K
K2 = MJ j
(ark 1)2 = (arm 1) (arj 1)
r 2k 2 = r m 1 + j 1
2k 2 = m + j 2
k+k=m+j
k m = j k k
and
2k = m + j l
(k m)lg J + (m j)lg K + (j k)lg M
= lg Jk m + lg Km j + lg Mj k
= lg Jj k + lg Km j + lg Mj k [from k]
= ( j k)(lg J + lg M) + lg Km j
= ( j k)lg JM + lg Km j
= ( j k)lg K2 + (m j)lg K
= 2(j k)lg K + (m j)lg K
= (2j 2k + m j)lg K
= (j + m 2k)lg K
= (2k 2k)lg K [from l]
[Proven]
= 0
8 (a) A.P., a = 200, d = 400
Tn = a + (n 1)d = 2000 + (n 1)(400)

= 400 n + 1600

= 400 (n + 4)
n
n
(b) Sn = (a + l) = [2000 + 400n + 1600]
2
2
n

= (400n + 3600)
2

= 200n(n + 9)
(c)
Sn > 200 000
200n (n + 9) > 200 000
n2 + 9n 1000 > 0
n < 36.44135, n > 27.44135
[ n = 28

a(1 r5)
9
S5 = 44,
= 44 j
1r
11
S10 S5 =
8

Fully Worked Solution

a(1 r10) a(1 r5)

11

=
1r
1r
8
a(1 + r5)(1 r5) a(1 r5)
11

= k
1r
1r
8
5
a(1 r )
11
(1 + r5 1) =
1r
8
Substitute j into k,
11
44(r5) =
8
1
5
r =
32
1
r = [Shown]
2
1 5
a 1
2
= 44
1
1
2
1
a 1+
= 66
32
a = 64
a
S =
1r
64
=
1
1
2
2
= 42
3

3 1 24
1 2
1
2

1 2

10 (a) r =

31

3+1

31
31

32 3+1
=2 3
31
u3 = u2r
= ( 3 1)(2 3)
=2 332+ 3
=3 35
u4 = u3r
=

= (3 3 5)(2 3)
= 6 3 3(3) 10 + 5 3
= 11 3 19

(b) r = 2 3[< 1]
3+1
a
S =
=
1 r 1 (2 3 )
3+1
3+1 3+2 3+1
=

=
2
31
3+1
=2+ 3

S6 7
= , u = 4
S3 8 2
j
8S6 = 7S3
ar = 4
4
a = k
r
a(1 r6)
a(1 r3)
8
=7
1r
1r
6
8(1 r ) = 7(1 r3)
8 8r6 = 7 7r3
6
8r 7r3 1 = 0
3
(r 1)(8r3 + 1) = 0
1
r3 = 1 or
8
1
r = since r = 1 is
2
not a solution.
4
a=
=8
1

2
8 1 4
(b) r = = , a = 2
5 2 5
Sn > 9.9
a(1 r n)
> 9.9
1r
4 n
2 1
5 > 9.9

1
5
4 n
> 0.99
1
5
4 n
< 0.01
5
4
n lg < lg (0.01)
5
n > 20.64

The least number of terms is 21.
11 (a)

4 3

1 2

3 1 24
12
12
12

12 u3 = S2
a(1 r2)
ar2 =
1r
ar2(1 r) = a(1 + r)(1 r)
ar2 = a(1 + r)
2
r r1=0
2
(1) (1) 4(1)(1)
r=
2
1 5
=
2
a=2
1+ 5
[|r| > 1], S doesnt exist
When r =
2
1+ 5
[|r| < 1],
When r =
2
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2013

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Updated Edition

S =
=

lim Sn = S =

2
1 5
1
2

4
1 5
2
=

1
+ 5 1 5
21+ 5
2

44 5
= 51
15

13 a = 3, r = 0.4
(a)
un < 0.02
n1
ar < 0.02
3(0.4)n 1 < 0.02
1
(0.4)n 1 <
150
1
(n 1)lg 0.4 < lg
150
n 1 > 5.47
n > 6.47
The least number of terms is 7.
(b)
S Sn < 0.01
a(1 r n)
a

< 0.01
1r
1r

a(1 r)
a
=
n
1r
1r
a(1 r n)
a

S Sn
1r
1r
=
a
S
1r
a [1 (1 r n)]
1r
=
a
1r
= r n[Shown]

a
1r

a
(1 1 + rn) < 0.01
1r
3 n
(r ) < 0.01
0.6
0.4n < 2 103
n lg 0.4 < lg (2 103)
n > 6.78
The least number of terms is 7.

14 Sn = a + ar + ar2 + + arn 2 + arn 1j

rSn = ar + ar2 + + arn 2 +
arn 1 + arn k

j k,
Sn rSn = a arn
Sn(1 r) = a(1 rn)
a(1 rn)
Sn =
[Shown]
1r
For S to exist, |r| < 1,

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2013

(a) u4 = 18,

ar3 = 18 j
k 3
16
1
,r =

j
3
18
8
3
r =
27
2
r=
3
2 3
a
= 18
3
243

a=
4
243
729
4
S =
=
2
4
1
3
S Sn
(b)
< 0.001
S
r n < 0.001

1 2
1 2
12

16
3
16
k
ar6 =
3
u7 =

12

1 2

1232

< 0.001

2
< lg 0.001
3
n > 17.04
The least value of n is 18.
n lg

2r 1
2r + 1

r(r 1) r(r + 1)
(r + 1)(2r 1) (2r + 1)(r 1)

=
r(r 1)(r + 1)
2r2 r + 2r 1 2r2 + 2r r + 1

=
r(r 1)(r + 1)
2r
2

[Verified]
=
=
r(r 1)(r + 1) (r 1)(r + 1)

15

Fully Worked Solution

2
o
(r 1)(r + 1)
r=2
n
2r 1
2r + 1

= o
r(r + 1)
r = 2 r(r 1)

2n

= o [f(r) f(r + 1)]

r=2

3f(r) = r(r 1) 4
2r 1

= f(2) f(n + 1)
3
2n + 1
[Proven]
=
2 n(n + 1)
1
2
o
2 r = 2 (r 1)(r + 1)
1
3
2n + 1

= nlim
2 2 n(n + 1)

2 1
+
1
3 n n2

= nlim
2 2
1+1
n
1 3
3

= 0 =
2 2
4

3
4
1 n + 3n + 2 2

= 3
2 2(n + 1)(n + 2) 4
2

n2 + 3n
4(n + 1)(n + 2)

1
A
B
17 (a)

+
(2r 1)(2r + 1)
2r 1
2r + 1
1 A(2r + 1) + B(2r 1)

1 2n
1
,
o [f(r) f(r + 1)] f(r) =
2 r=n
2r 1
1
= [f(n) f(2n + 1)]
2
1
1
1
=

2 2n 1 4n + 1
1 4n + 1 2n + 1
=
2 (2n 1)(4n + 1)
n+1
an + b
=
=

(2n 1)(4n + 1) (2n 1)(4n + 1)

[Shown]
a = 1, b = 1
n+1
(c) lim
n (2n 1)(4n + 1)
=

1
1
r+2r

=
r(r + 1) (r + 1)(r + 2) r(r + 1)(r + 2)
2
=
r(r + 1)(r + 2)
[Shown]
n
1
o
r = 1 r(r + 1)(r + 2)
1 n
2

= o
2 r = 1 r(r + 1)(r + 2)
1 n
1
1

= o
2 r = 1 r(r + 1) (r + 1)(r + 2)
1
f(r) = r(r + 1)
1 n

= o [f(r) f(r + 1)]
2 r=1
1

= [f(1) f(n + 1)]
2
1 1
1

=
2 2 (n + 1)(n + 2)

16

1
1
Let r = , Let r = ,
2
2

l = B(2) 1 = A(2)
1
1
A=

B=
2
2
1
1
1

=
(2r 1)(2r + 1) 2(2r 1) 2(2r + 1)
1
1
1

=
2 2r 1 2r + 1
2n
1
(b) o
r = n (2r 1)(2r + 1)
2n
1
1
= o

r = n 2(2r 1)
2(2r + 1)

3
1

4
2

1
1
+ 2
n
n
= nlim

8 2 12
n n

=0

1
A
B

+
(2r + 1)(2r + 3) 2r + 1 2r + 3
l A(2r + 3) + B(2r + 1)
3
1
Let r = Let r =
2
2
1 = B(2) 1 = A(2)
1
1
B =
A=
2
2
1
1
1

=
(2r + 1)(2r + 3) 2(2r + 1) 2(2r + 3)
18 Let

r=1

1
(2r + 1)(2r + 3)

4
1
[f(r) f(r + 1)] 3f(r) =
2r + 14

1 n
1
1

o
2 r = 1 2r + 1 2r + 3

1 n
o
2 r=1

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2013

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Updated Edition

1

= [f(1) f(n + 1)]
2
1 1
1

=
2 3 2n + 3
1
1

=
6 2(2n + 3)

r=1

1
= o
(r + 1)(r + 2) r = 1
n

= ro 1 [f(r) f(r 1)],

=

3f(r) = rr ++ 124

To test for the convergence,

1
1
1

lim
=
n 6
6
2(2n + 3)
1
The series converges to .
6
1

S` =
6

19 o
n 25
=

= f(n) f(0)
n+1 1

=
n+2 2
2(n + 1) (n + 2)
=
2(n + 2)
2n + 2 n 2
=
2(n + 2)
n
=
2(n + 2)

1
1

2n + 1
2n 1

2
[f(n) f(n + 1)] 3f(n) =

= o
n 25
=

1
2n 1

= f(25) f(N + 1)
1
1

=
50 1
2N + 1
1
1

=
7
2N + 1

1
1
1

o un = nlim
=
7
n = 25
7
2n + 1

22 f(r) f(r 1)
1
1

=
(2r + 1)(2r + 3) (2r 1)(2r + 1)
2r 1 2r 3
(2r 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3)
4
[Shown]

=
(2r 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3)

=

r=1

20

(r + 1)! r!
(r + 1)r! r!
1
1

=
=
r!(r + 1)!
r!(r + 1)!
r! (r + 1)!
r
[Shown]
=
(r + 1)!
n

r=1

n
r
= ro 1
=
(r + 1)!
n

3rr ++ 12 r +r 14

3r!1 (r +1 1)! 4

= ro 1 [f(r) f(r + 1)],

=

3f(r) = r!1 4

= f(1) f(n + 1)
1
=1
(n + 1)!
r+1
r

r+2 r+1
(r + 1)2 r(r + 2)

=
(r + 1)(r + 2)
2
r + 2r + 1 r2 2r

=
(r + 1)(r + 2)
1
[Shown]

=
(r + 1)(r + 2)

n
4
1 o
4 r = 1 (2r 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3)

n
1 o
[f(r) f(r 1)]
4 r=1
1
f(r) = (2r + 1)(2r + 3)
1

= [f(n) f(0)]
4
1
1
1

=
4 (2n + 1)(2n + 3) 3
1
1

=
12 4(2n + 1)(2n + 3)

4n2 + 6n + 2n + 3 3
12(2n + 1)(2n + 3)

4n2 + 8n
12(2n + 1)(2n + 3)

n2 + 2n
3(2n + 1)(2n + 3)

21

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2013

1
(2r 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3)

Fully Worked Solution

1
A
B

+
(4n 1)(4n + 3) 4n 1 4n + 3

l A(4n + 3) +

B(4n 1)
3
1
Let n = Let n =
4
4
1 = B(4)
1 = A(4)
1
1
B =
A=
4
4
1
1
1
1

=
(4n 1)(4n + 3) 4 4n 1 4n + 3
23 Let

1
4r + 3
1
1

4r 1 4r + 3

1 n
o
4 r=1
1 n

= o [f(r 1) f(r)]
4 r=1
1

= [f(0) f(n)]
4
1 1
1

=
4 3 4n + 3
1 4n + 3 3
n

=
=
4 3(4n + 3)
3(4n + 3)

3
3

n
4
4
xo 1 1 x 2 + x 4
+
+
=
n
n
1
1
= xo 1 1 4 xo 1 x 2 x 4
+
+
=
=
1 1 1 1 1 1

=n4 + + +
3 5 4 6 5 7
1
1
1
1

+
+
n+1 n+3 n+2 n+4
1 1
1
1

=n4 +
3 4 n+3 n+4
7
2n + 7

=n4
12 (n + 3)(n + 4)
7(n2 + 7n + 12) 12(2n + 7)

=n4
12(n + 3)(n + 4)
7n2 + 49n + 84 24n 84

=n
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
7n2 + 25n

=n
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
3n(n + 3)(n + 4) n(7n + 25)

=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n[3(n2 + 7n + 12) 7n 25]

=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n[3n2 + 21n + 36 7n 25]

=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n(3n2 + 14n + 11)

=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n(n + 1)(3n + 11)

[Shown]
=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)

Let f(r) =

Let x = 4,
Let x = 2,
8 = B(2) 8 = A(2)
B = 4
A=4
x(x + 6)
4
4

=1
+
(x + 2)(x + 4)
x+2 x+4

4
4

24 f(x) = x + x + 1
1
1
=

f(x)
x+ x+1
x x+1
=
x (x + 1)
= x+1 x
24
24
1
o
= o 1 x
x = 1 f(x)
x=1
= ( 1 2 +
24 25)
= (1 5) = 4

x x+1
x x+1

x + 12
2 3++

25 Using long division,

1
x2 + 6x + 8 2 x2 + 6x + 0
x2 + 6x + 8
8
x(x + 6)
8

1
(x + 2)(x + 4)
(x + 2)(x + 4)
8
A
B
Let

,
+
(x + 2)(x + 4) (x + 2) (x + 4)

8 A(x + 4) + B(x + 2)

3
3
3

26 (2 + 3x)4 = 24 + 4(23)(3x) + 6(22)(3x)2 +

4(2) (3x)3 +(3x)4

= 16 + 96x +216x2 + 216x3 +

81x4
4
[2 + (3x)] = 24 + 4(23)(3x) + 6(22) (3x)2

+ 4(2)(3x)3 + (3x)4

= 16 96x + 216x2 216x3 +

81x4

4
(2 + 3x) (2 + 3x)4 = 192x + 432x3
Let x = 2 ,
(2 + 3 2 )4 (2 +3 2 )4

= 192 2 + 432 ( 2 )3

= 1056 2

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2013

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Updated Edition

1 5
1
1 2
= x5 + 5x4
+
+ 10x3
x
x
x
1 3
1 4
1 5
10x2
+ 5x
+
x
x
x
1

= x5 + 5x3 + 10x + 10
+
x
1
1
5 3 + 5
x
x
1 3
1
1 2
x
= x3 + 3x2 + 3x
+

x
x
x
3
1

x
1
1

3
= x3 3x + 3
x
x
1 5
1 3

x+
x
= x5 + 5x3 + 10x +
x
x
1
1
10
+5 3 +
x
x
1
3 x3 3x +
x5
1
1
3
3
x
x
Terms containing x4
3
+ 5x3(3x) + 10x(x3)
= x5
x
= 3x4 15x4 + 10x4

27 (a) x +

12

12
12 12
12

12

1 2 1 2
2
1 2 1 2
1 2
12
21 2 1
12 1 2
2 1
12 2

12

= 2x4
Coefficient of x4 = 2
n nr r
a b
(b) Tr + 1 =
r
6

(x2) 6 r (2x1)r
=
r
6

(2)r x12 2r xr
=
r
6

(2)r x12 3r
=
r

The term independent of x is the term
where 12 3r = 0
r = 4

12
12
12
12

3
28 (a) 1 x (2 + 3x)6
2
2
3
3
= 1 + 5C1 x + 5C2 x +
2
2
[26 + 6C (2)5(3x) + 6C (2)4(3x)2 + ]

15
45 2
x+
x (64 + 576x + 2160x2)
2
2
= 64 + 576x +2160x2 480x 4320x2
+ 1440x2
= 720x2 + 96x + 64
[Shown]

= 1

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2013

2
2
2

3
(b) 1 x x2
2
5
1
= x (x + 2)
2
5
1
= x
(x + 2)5
2
5
5
1
x
=
(1 2x)5(2)5 1 +
2
2
= [1 + 5(2x) + 10(2x)2 + 10(2x)3

31
1
12

1x22 + 101x22 + 101x22

+ 5(2x)4 ] 1 + 5

x4
2
= (1 10x + 40x2 80x3 + 80x4)

1 24

+5

11 + 52x + 52x

5
5
+ x3 + x 4
4
16
5
5
5
5
= 1 + x + x2 + x3 + x 4 10x
2
2
4
16
25
25x2 25x3 x 4 + 40x2 + 100x3
2
+ 100x 4 80x3 200x4 + 80x 4
15
35
15
515 4
= 1 x + x 2 x 3
x
2
2
4
16
2

29 (a) 1 + 10(3x + 2x2) +

10(9)
(3x + 2x2)2
2

10(9)(8)
(3x + 2x2)3
3!
= 1 + 30x + 20x2 + 45(9x2 + 12x3)
+ 120(27x3)
= 1 + 30x + 425x2 + 3780x3

Coefficient of x3 = 3780

(b) (1 + x)1(4 + x2)

= 1+

1
2

1
1(2) 2
(x) +
(x) +
1!
2!

4 14 2 3
1

1(2)(3) 3
(x) +
3!

x2
1+
4

1
x2
= (1 x + x2 x3 + ) 1 + 2
2
1! 4

1 2

1 3

2 2
2!

1 2
x2
4

1 2

1
x2
= (1 x + x2 x3 + ) 1
+
2
8
1
x2
x3
= 1
x+
+ x2 x3
2
8
8

Fully Worked Solution

1
7
7
= 1 x + x2 x3 +
2
8
8
where |x| < 1

(b) (1 3x) 3

A
Bx + C
+
1x
1 + x2
1 + 2x + 3x2 A(1 + x2) + (Bx + C)(1 x)
Let x = 1,
1 + 2 + 3 = A(2)
A=3
Let x = 0,
1 = 3(1) + (0 + C)(1)
C = 2
Let x = 1,
1 2 + 3 = 3(2) + [B + (2)](2)
2 = 6 4 2B
B=0
3
2
Hence, f(x) =

1 x 1 + x2
f(x) = 3(1 x)1 2(1 + x2)1
1
1(2)
(x)2
= 3 1 + 1! (x) +
2!
1(2)(3)
(x)3 +
+
3!
1
2 1 + (x)2 +
1!
3(1
x
=
+ + x2 + x3 + ) 2(1 x2 + )
= 3 + 3x + 3x2 + 3x3 2 + 2x2
= 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 3x3 where |x| < 1
[Shown]

30 Let f(x)

1 21 2

[( 5 + 2) + ( 5 2) ][( 5 + 2)
( 5 2)3]
=
8 5
3

( 5 + 2 + 5 2)[( 5 + 2)2
( 5 + 2)( 5 2) + ( 5 2)2]
( 5 + 2 5 + 2)[( 5 + 2)2
+ ( 5 + 2)( 5 2) + ( 5 2)2]
=
8 5
[2 5(5 + 4 5 + 4 1 + 5
4 5 + 4)] [(4)(5 + 4 5
+ 4 + 1 + 5 4 5 + 4)]
=
8 5
= (17)(19)
= 323

1
3

1
3

5
2
2
3
1
1
5 1

=1
8
8
3 8
1315
(2)
5=
1536
1315
= 1.71
=
768
[2 decimal places]

1 2

5
(1 3x) =
8

12

12

32 Term independent of x is

1642 (2)

= 240

(1 y)2n = 1 + 2n(y) +

...

( 5 + 2)6 ( 5 2)6
31 (a)
8 5

1 2
5

3 3
3 (3x)3
+
+
3!
5
1
= 1 x x2 x3 where |x| <
3
3
1
When x = ,
8

1 2

1 2
1

3 (3x) 3 3 (3x)2
= 1+
+
2!
1!

(2n)(2n 1)
(y)2 +
2!

= 1 2ny + n(2n 1)y2 + ...

(1 + y)2n = 1 + (2n)(y) +

(2n)(2n 1) 2
(y)
2!

+ ...
= 1 2ny + n(2n + 1)y2 + ...
2n

111 + yy2

= (1 y)2n(1 + y)2n

= (1 2ny + n(2n 1)y2 + ...)

(1 2ny + n(2n + 1)y2 + ...)

= 1 2ny + n(2n + 1)y2 2ny +
4n2y2 + n(2n 1)y2

= 1 4ny + 8n2y2

[

2n

111 + yy2

Let y =

= 1 4ny + 8n2y2 + ...

1
1
, n =
50
16

1 1
50
1+ 1
50
49
51

1
8

1 2

1
8

1 21 2 1 2 1 2

14

1 1
1
+8
16 50
10

1
50

79 601
80 000

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2013

10

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Updated Edition

33 (1 x)10 = 1 10x + 45x2 +

(1 + 2x2)3 = 1 + 6x2 +
(1 + ax)5 = 1 + 5ax + 10a2x2 +
(1 + bx2)4 = 1 + 4bx2 +
(1 x)10 (1 + 2x2)3 (1 + ax)5 (1 + bx2)4

= (1 10x + 45x2 + )(1 + 6x2 + )
(1 + 5ax + 10a2x2 + )(1 + 4bx2 + )

= 1 + 6x2 10x + 45x2 1 4bx2 5ax
10a2x2 +
10 5a = 0
6 + 45 4b 10a2 = 0
a = 2 6 + 45 4b 40 = 0
11
b=
4
5
3
1
1
34 (a) x +
x
x
x
1
1
1
= x5 + 5(x)4
+ 10x3 2 + 10x2 3
x
x
x
1
1
1
+ 5x 4 + 5 x3 + 3(x)2
x
x
x
2
3
1
1
+ 3x
+
x
x
10
5
1
= x5 + 5x3 + 10x +
+ 3+ 5
x
x
x
3 1
x3 3x + 3
x x
To obtain x4 term,
3
= + x5
+ 5x3(3x) + 10x(x3) +
x
= 3x 4 15x 4 + 10x 4 = 2x 4
The coefficient of x 4 term is 2.
1
5 3x
(b) (1 + x) 5 +
5 + 2x
1 4
1

5
= 1 + (x) + 5 5 (x)2
2!
1!
1 4
9

5 5
5 (x)3
+
+
3!
(5 + 3x)(5 + 2x)1
1
2
6 3
x
= 1 + x x2 +
5
25
125
2 1
(5 + 3x)(5)1 1 + x
5
1
2
6 3
x
= 1 + x x2 +
5
25
125
1
1 2
x
(5 + 3x)
1+
5
1! 5
1(2) 2 2 1(2)(3) 2 3
x +
x
+
2!
5
3!
5

21

2
12

1 2

1 2 43
1 2 1 24

1
1

12

1 2

1 21 2

1 23
1 2

2
1 2

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2013

1 24

1 2

1 2

1
2
6 3 1
x (5 + 3x)
= 1 + x x2 +
5
25
125
5
2
4
8 3
x
1 x + x2
5
25
125
1
2
6 3 1
x 5 2x
= 1 + x x2 +
5
25
125
5
4 2 8 3
6 2 12 3
+ x x + 3x x + x
5
25
5
25
1
2 2
6 3
1
2
x 1 x + x2
= 1 + x x +
5
25
125
5
25
4 3
x

125
2 3
2
x where |x| < [Shown]
=
125
5
2
Hence, p =
125
By using x = 0.02,
253
1
2
(0.02)3
(1.02)5 50 =
125
252
50
= 1.28 107[Shown]

1 2
1 2

35 (1 + ax + bx2)7

= [(1 + ax) + (bx2)]7

= 7Cr (1 + ax)7 r (bx2)r
x term:

= 7C0(1 + ax)7

= 7C0[7C1 (ax)]

= 7ax
x2 term:

= 7C0(1 + ax)7 + 7C1(1 + ax)6 (bx2)

= 7C0[7C2(ax)2] + 7C1[6C0(ax)0 (bx2)]

= 21a2x2 + 7bx2

= (21a2 + 7b)x2
7a = 1
21a2 + 7b = 0
1
1 2
a = 21
+ 7b = 0
7
7
3
7b =
7
3
b=
49
Let (1 + ax + bx2)7 = 1 + x
1
1
3
(1 + x)7 = 1 + x x2 + where |x| < 1
7
49
By using x = 0.014,
1
3

7 1.014 = 1 + (0.014)
(0.014)2
7
49
= 1.001988 [6 decimal places]

12

Fully Worked Solution

7
36 (1 + x)
1 2x

= (1 + x)7 (1 2x)1
1

= [1 + 7x + 21x2 + 35x3 + ] 1 + (2x)
1!

1(2)
1(2)(3)
(2x)2 +
(2x)3 +
+
2!
3!

= (1 + 7x + 21x2 + 35x3 + ) (1 + 2x + 4x2
+ 8x3 + )

= 1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3 + 7x + 14x2 + 28x3
+ 21x2 + 42x3 + 35x3 +
1

= 1 + 9x + 39x2 + 113x3 + where |x| <
2
[Shown]
Using x = 0.01,
(0.99)7

= 1 + 9(0.01) + 39(0.01)2
(1.02)
+ 113(0.01)3 +
= 0.914 [3 decimal places]
37 1 + x 1

= (1 + x) 2
1 1
1

2 2 (x)2
2

= 1 + (x) +
2!
1!

1 21 21 2

12

12

1 24
2

b 12
a
1 1
1
1 b
2 2
1+
+
2 a
2!

31

b
a

38 (a + b) 2 = a 1 +
1

a2 1 +

1 21 2

b
a

1
2

12
b
a

24

1
2

= a2 1 +

= a2

12

1 1
1
1
2
2 2
2
+
3!

21

1 ba 2 + ...
1

1 1
3

2 2
2 (x)3
+
3!
1 1
3
5

2 2
2
2 (x)4
+
+
4!
x x2 x3
5 4 
j

x +

+
=1+
2
8
16 128
1
(6 + x) (2 + x)1
4
1
6+x
x
1
2 1+

=
4
2
6+x 1
1 x
1(2) x 2

1+

=
+
4
2
1! 2
2!
2
1(2)(3) x 3 1(2)(3)(4) x 4

+
+
3!
2
4!
2
6+x 1
x x2 x3 x 4
1 +

=
+
4
2
2
4
8
16
6 + x 1 x x2 x3 x 4
+

=
+
+
4
2 4 8
16 32
x x2 x3 x 4
k

+
=1+
2 8
16 32

4
1 2

1 2

To obtain the error,

x x2 x3
5 4

j k, 1 +
+
2 8
16 128
x x2 x3 x4

1 +

+
2 8
16 32
5 4 x4
x +
=
128
32
x4
=
128
x4
The error is approximately
.[Shown]
128

b
b2
2 +
2a 8a

= a2 1 +

2 j

b3
+ ...
16a3

jk

1
2

1 ba 2
b
b

= a 11
2a 8a

(a b) 2 = a 2 1

(a + b) 2 (a b) 2 = a 2

=a

1
2

b3
+ ... k
16a3

2b
+
12b
2a 16a 2
1 ba + 8ab 2
3

Let a = 4, b = 1
1

5 3 = 4 2

1 14 + 8(41 )2
3

129
=
256

( 5 3) ( 5 + 3) = 5 3

=2
129

( 5 + 3) = 2
256
256
( 5 + 3) = 2 3
129
512

=
129
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2013

11

12

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Updated Edition

1 + 3x 1 + x
1

1 + 3x + 1 + x
1 + 3x 1 + x
1 + 3x 1 + x
=
1 + 3x (1 + x)
1
= 1 1 + 3x 1 + x [Shown]
2x
1
1
1
(1 + 3x)2 (1 + x)2
2x
1 1
1

1
2 2 (3x)2
2

1
(3x)
=
+
+
2x
2!
1!

39 y =

1 2

53

1 21 2

43

1 1
3
1

2 2 2 (3x)3 1 2 (x)
+
+
3!
1!

1 2

1 21 2

46

1 1
1 1
3

2 2 (x)2
2 2 2 (x)3
+
+
2!
3!
1
3
9 2 27 3
x

1 + x x + x 1 +
=
2x
2
8
16
2

31

2 1

x2 x3
+
8
16

24

1
13
x x2 + x32
2x1
8

1 x 13 2
+ x
2 2 16

Using x =

y=
=

1
,
100

1
1 + 3x + 1 + x
1
101
103
+ 100
100

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2013

=
=

1 2

1
10
1
13 1
100
=
+
16 100
103 + 101 2
2

1 2

79 213
[Shown]
160 000

40 (a) 3 5x + 3x2
A(1 + x2) + (B + Cx)(1 2x)
1
Let x = ,
2
5 5
= (A)
4 4
A=1
Let x = 0,
3 = 1(1 + 0) + (B + 0)(1)
B=2
Let x = 1,
1 = 1(2) + (2 + C)(1)
C+2=1
C = 1
1
1(2)
(2x)2
(b) (1 2x)1 = 1 + (2x) +
1!
2!
1(2)(3)
(2x)3
+
3!
= 1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3
1
(1 + x2)1 = 1 + (x2) +
1!
2
=1x
(c) (3 5x + 3x2)(1 2x)1(1 + x2)1
1
2x
=
+
1 2x 1 + x2
= 1(1 2x)1 + (2 x)(1 + x2)1
= 1(1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3) + (2 x)(1 x2)
= 1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3 + 2 2x2 x + x3
= 3 + x + 2x2 + 9x3
a = 1, b = 2, c = 9