Submitted by

Mission Director
State Horticulture Mission, Bihar
Bihar Horticulture Development Society
Registered under Society Registration Act 21, 1860

Directorate of Horticulture
Dept. of Agriculture, GOB
Barrack No.-13 Main Secretariat Complex
Patna 800015
Tele Fax 0612-2215215
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CONTENTS

S.N. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
1.1 Geography & Climate of the state 3
1.2 Potential for Development of Medicinal Plants 5
1.3 Existing Infrastructure 6
1.4 Land Availability 6-7
1.5 Status of Development of Medicinal Plants 9
2 SWOT Analysis 10-11
3 Details of Annual Action Plan 12
3.1 Objective and Strategy 12-15
3.2 Address of Implementation Agency 15
3.3 Salient Aspect of Annual action Plan 15
3.4
Component wise particulars of fund released during the
year 2008-09.
17-18
Detail Action Plan 2009-2010. 18
3.4.1 Establishment of seed center & nurseries 19-20
3.4.2 Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 21-29
3.4.3 Post Harvest Management 30
Drying Yards 30
Storage Godowns 30
Processing Units 31
Quality Testing Lab 31
Support for Quality testing 31
3.4.4 Market Promotion 31-32
Market Infrastructure 32
Buy back interventions 32
3.4.5 Certification and Insurance
Organic/GAP Certification 33
Crop Insurance 33
Mission Management 33
Summary of Components 2009-2010 34-36

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. Background Information
1.1 Geography & Climate of the state
Bihar is located in the eastern part of the country. The outlet to the sea is
through Kolkata. The river Ganga flows through the middle of Bihar plane
from west to east divides in to two halves. The state lies between the humid
West Bengal in the east and the sub humid Utter Pradesh in the west, which
gives it a transitional position in terms of climate.
The north Gangetic plain consist flat alluvial region, and is prone to floods.
The Kosi River, due to its tendency to cause dangerous floods, was previously
referred to as the sorrow of Bihar, before the construction of artificial
embankments. There are six rivers namely Gandhak, Burhi Gandhak,
Bagmati, Ghaghra, Kosi and kamla in north Bihar.
Bihar plain is composed of mainly new alluvium, which is mostly non-chalky
and heavy textured (clay and clay loam) towards.
The east, and chalky and light textured (mostly sandy loam) towards the west
of the old Burhi Gandak river.
In the south, the gangatic plane is more diversified than in north.
Many hills rise from the level alluvium than constitutes the Gangatic plane.
Except for Son, all the rivers are small, and their water is diverted into
irrigation channels. The soil is generally made up older alluvium.
The Kaimur Plateau lies in the extreme southwest. It consists of nearly
horizontal sandstone strata that are underlain by limestone. The soil of the
plateau is typically red, and is sandy in the Damoder valley.
(1165.45mm). Rainfall during the monsoon varies from the lowest of 935.55 in
zone III to the highest of 1105.9mm in zone II and a moderate rainfall of
1077.3mm in zone I. During the autumn months (October-November), zones I,
II and A III receives the winter rains of 35.15 (zone I), 28.7 (zone II) and 31.95
mm (zone III) in different zones. Summer season receive 1102, 135.0 and 86.00
mm in agro-climatic zones I, II and III respectively.
1.1.2 Agro-climatic zones
Agro-climatic zone District
Agro-climatic Zone I West Champaran, East Champaran, Siwan, Saran,
Sitamarahi, Sheohar, Muzzaffarpur, Vaishali,
Madhubani, Darbhanga, Samastipur, Gopalganj,
Begusarai.

Agro-climatic Zone II Purnea, Katihar, Saharsa, Supaul, Madhepura,
Khagaria, Araria, Kishanganj.
Description
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Agro-climatic Zone III Rohatas, Bhojpur, Buxer, Bhabua, Arwal, Patna,
Nalanda, Nawada, Shekhpura, Jahanabad,
Aurangabad, Gaya, Munger, Bhagalpur, Banka,
Jamui, Lakhisarai.

Soil
(a) Agro-climatic zone I :- Except for the northern and western portions, the
entire zone is under the influence of rivers Gandak, Burhi Gandak and
Ghaghra originating from the line rich foothills of the Himalayas and thus soil
are mostly calcareous(CaCO3) varying from 21.50% to 30% soil of Siwan,
Gopalgang East and West Champaran, Muzaffarpur and Vaishali district have
developed saliently.
(b) Agro-climatic zone II :- The soil of the back waters of river Ganga and
Kosi are mostly light to medium textured (except non- calcareous) through
accumulation of sodium salts and sodium adsorption have taken place in poor
drained soils.Parts of Purnea and Katihar districts have also saline and alkali
soils. The soils of this zone are very poor in nitrogen and in available
phosphorus and potassium; deficiencies of zinc and boron and toxicity of
manganese have been widely recognized.
(c) Agro-climatic zone III :- This zone is drier than north Bihar possessing
vast stretches of Diara (251 lakh/ha.) and Tal-lands (1 lakh/ha.) with soil
mostly medium to heavy textured throughout the depth of the profile.
The soil of this zone expect that of Diara and Tal-lands are
moderately well-drained to somewhat poorly drained, moderately acidic to
slightly alkaline and medium textured to heavy textured. The soil of paddy
lands have developed impervious layer of varying thickness and
imperviousness from simple semi-developed somewhat porous clay pans to
very hard practically impervious thick layers. The soils are poor to moderate
in nitrogen, and poor to moderately rich in available phosphorus and
potassium. The soils of medium lowlands to lowlands are comparatively more
fertile; whereas soil of Tal lands are highly clayey throughout their depths,
grey in colour, natural to slightly alkali in reaction, moderately well-drained
inspite of their heavy texture mainly due to calcium saturation, moderately
rich in nitrogen available P and K. The Diara lands soils with their
undulating la ndscapes are generally light to medium heavy textured with
different fertility status.
1.1.3 Suitability of crops proposed with refrence to Agro climatic zone
Agro-climatic zone Medicinal crops
Agro-climatic Zone I Buch, Kilmegh,Shatawar, Artimisia,Shwet musli, Amla,
Tulsi, Stevia,Ashwagandha,Sarpgandha,Kalihari,Mint
& Cybopogan spp.
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Agro-climatic Zone II Buch, Artimisia, Tulsi,Pippli,Patherchur Mint &
Cybopogan spp.
Agro-climatic Zone III Buch, Ghrit kumari, Kalmegh, Shatawar, Brahmi,
Artimisia, Ratalu, Amla, Gudmar, Tulsi, Stevia,
Ashwagandha, Tejpat Dalchini, Patherchur, Bael,
Sarpgandha, Chitrak, Kalihari, Gugal, Mint &
Cybopogan spp.

1.1.4 Socio Economic profile
Those who are engaged in cultivation of different crops,are small and
marginal farmers with small holding (less than 1.00 ha.)Due to weak
economic status, they are fail to apply vital inputs to their crops in time.
Obviously,this results in low productivity of crops. In the Bihar , who
started medicinal plants cultivation are innovative farmers. Specially in
flood prone area farmers tends twards non-traditional in between February-
July (Before rainy season).
1.2 POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Economy of Bihar, dependent almost exclusively upon agriculture is
full of potentialities. The state has been striving to emerge as on e among the
foremost in improving the produce from fields. However, the technological
investment in the development on agriculture dependent on cultivation of
traditional crops under recurrent a biotic stresses like periodic drought,
flooding and increasing salinity etc. have not shown desired results. The
dependence of agriculture economy almost entirely on primary output further
adds to miseries of the people.
Major interventions are required to exploit, renovate and use the
existing agriculture infrastructure available in the state. Ample opportunities
exist for diversified sustainable agriculture in different agro-ecosystem.
Among the available option, the need is to develop a sustainable agro-
economic growth strategy for pro-poor orientation towards a viable
technology development. Systematic cultivation of high value medicinal and
aromatic plants under prevailing agro-ecological conditions is being
emphasized to meet the growing importance of herbs as source of therapeutic
agents, essential oils and raw material base for producing a variety of health
promoting / complimenting products. Availability of green produce in bulk
will cater to new opportunities in processing, product development,
marketing and export of raw and value added products.
1.2.1 Base line survey not been conducted. Data on area, uses etc. used in the
Project, are published source and previously work done by Directorate of
Horticulture.
1.2.2 Market survey regarding demand, supply, export, import, market
and potential players is being carried.
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1.3 Existing Infrastructure
1.3.1 Existing Nurseries
Sl. No. Location Capacity/Produced
planting material
i 1, Anne Marg, Patna 60,000
ii Rajendra Agricultural Univ. Pusa,
Samastipur
1,00,000
N.B. 10 (ten) Small Nurseries sanctioned by the NMPB, Dept. of AYUSH,
N. Delhi in Yr. 2008-09 under the Centrally Sponsered Scheme of NMMP.
Sl.
No.
Information regarding
infrastructure
Numbers Remarks
1.3.2 Cold storage 243 Hort. Crops
1.3.3 Collection Centers /
Pack House

1.3.4 Transportation facilities
1.3.6 Market / Mandies 1600 -do-
Aurvedic mfg. Units 322
Unani mfg. Units 22
1.3.1 Nurseries/ Pub. & Pvt. 252 10 nos. identified
for medicinal plants
under NMMP
Scheme
1.3.5 Primary Distillation
Unit
195 For Medicinal Herb
1.3.7 R&D Institution 01
Certification Agencies NIL
1.3.9 Farmers Association /
Co-operatives / SHG's
326 General /not
identified for
Medicinal Plants

1.4 Land Availability
1.4.1 About 61.18 % of the State is under cultivation as per the figure
available for the year 2002-03. Cluster and corresponding land availability
will be put forward later on.
1.4.2 Land Utilization Pattern of Bihar
Particulars Area (lakh ha.)
Total geographical area 93.60
Total cropped area 79.57
Net area sown 57,25
Current fallow 4.99
Forest 6.22
Barren and non cultivable land 4.36
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1.4.3 However, cultivation of these crops on good fertile lands at the
expense of crops providing food security of people may not be a viable
alternative. Waste / barren / non cultivable and cultivable waste land
need to diversable for non- traditional cultivation.
1.4.4 Crop substitution
1.4.4 Crop substitution Hactare
1.Acorus calamus/Buch 200
2.Aloe vera/Ghrit kumari 400
3.Andrographis paniculata/Kalmegh 200
4.Asparagus recimosus/Shatawar 200
6.Bacopa monnieri /Centella asiatica
(Brahmi)
50
7.Chlorophytam
borivillianum/Shwetmusli
100
8. Artemisia anua Linn. 100
9.Embelica officinalis/Amla 400
10.Gymnema sylvestris/Gudmar 50
11.Ocimum sanctum 900
12.Piper longum 50
13.Stevia rebaudiana /Madhukari 200
14.Withenia somnifera/Ashwagandha 200
15.Cynomonum species
(Tejpat / Dalchini.)
200
16.Coleus species (Patharchur etc.) 200
TOTAL
Plant eligible for 50% subsidy
1.Aegle marmelos/Bael 200
2.Rauwolfia serpentine/Sarpgandha 200
3.Plumbago zeylenica 50
4.Glorisa superba/ Kalihari 50
TOTAL
1.Commiphora wighti/Guggal 100
TOTAL

Land put to non agricultural uses 16.43
Cultivable waste land 0.46
Permanent Pasture land (Grazing land) 0.18
Miscellaneous crops / groves 2.37
Area sown more than once 22.32
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Medicinal botanicals identified for Bihar
1. Anantmool
2. Amla
3. Arjun
4. Ashok
5. Bael
6. Bahera
7. Bhumiamlaki
8. Brahmi / Bacopa moniari
9. Brahmi / Centella asiatica
10. Gudmar
11. Kalihari
12. Kalmegh
13. Kutaz
14. Medalakri
15. Makoy
16. Mulaithi
17. Neem
18. Pippli
19. Punarnava
20. Sarpgandha
21. Shankhpushpi
22. Shatavari
23. Stevia
24. Tulsi
25. Vividang
26. Davna/ Artimisia palens
27. Sena
28. Shwet musli
29. Dalchni
30. Tejpat
31. Patherchur
32. Krishna sariva
33. Ratalu
34. Kokum
35. Ginkago
36. Kapur kachri
37. Kounch
38. Nirgundi
39. Ashwagandha
40. Citronella
41. Lemongrass
42. Pamarosa
43. Mint
44. CN-5 /Jamarosa
45. Patchouli
46. Shirish
47. Saptparni
48. Akarkara
49. Peela chandan
50. Gambhari
51. Nagkesar
52. Chitrak
53. Damabooti
54. Guggal
55. Kutki
56. Kuth
57. Gunja
58. Khadir
59. Apamarg
60. Buch
61. Adusa
62. Ghrit kumari
63. Amaltas
64. Kasmard
65. Chakramrd
66. Sadabahar
67. Malkagni
68. Hadjod
69. Indryan
70. Aprajita
71. Kevukand
72. Amaadi
73. Dhatura
74. Bhringraj
75. Makhana /Gorgan nut
76. Gular
77. Jtropha curcus
78. Mehandi
79. Dronpushpi
80. Sonchampa
81. Lajwanti
82. Sahjan /Drumstic
83. Mithineem
84. Gokhru
85. Shami
86. Bakuchi
87. Anar
88. Janglipyaz
89. Sahdei
90. Katkaranj
91. Antmool
92. Desi gulab
93. Jangli genda /Tegetus minuta
94. Bariyar
95. Akanda etc.


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1.5 Status of Development of Medicinal Plants
Bihar is located in the middle Gangetic plain region. Within its area of
9.40 million ha of land exist innumerable niches for colonization and
multiplication of precious plant genetic resource for utilization of raw genetic
material for drug development and biotechnology industry. The state is
endowed with three agro-climatic zones viz. the north-west Gangetic plains,
the north-east Gangetic plains and the south Bihar plains with variable
edaphic characteristic. The Indo-Nepal foot hills of Himalaya in the North
provide altitudinal gradients. Big rivers like the Ganga, Ghagara, Gandak,
Kosi etc. originating from the Himalayan mountains meander through the
northern plains with varied topography and hydrology of low lying areas in
Chaurs, Diara lands, Tals, Ox-bow lakes and ponds in part diversity to its
ecosystems. Plants possessing disease alleviating properties for man and cattle
have been a readily available recourse for leading a healthy life by a
substantial segment of especially economically vulnerable rural mass.
The adoption of commercial cultivation of some medicinal plants with
little or no government support, is expending. Rough estimates show that the
area is expending fast and presently cultivated in 2600 hacters. Among
different commercially growing species of medicinal plants like Mentha and
Lemon grass have emerged as the major players and shared more than 95%
total area and production of medicinal plants in the state.
Details of Medicinal Crops being grown in Bihar:
Medicinal Plants Area (ha) Total production
(tons)
(Oil/ Wet)
Yield
Lemon Grass 185 25.90 140
Java Citronella 38 4.75 125
Mentha 2100 252.00 120
Palma Rosa 20 2.00 100
Tulsi 32 3.20 100
Jama Rosa / CN 5 35 5.25 155
Safed Musli 16 24.0 1500
Kalmegh 15 45.0 3000
Sarpgandha 12 19.2 1600
Shatawar 17 127.5 7500
Buch 6 19.2 3200
Jatropha 29 145.0 5000
Others 95
Total 2600
With its large segment of medicine men formally trained in practicing
indigenous system of medicine in Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathy a small
tribal population and a vast rural population having a rich traditional
knowledge of use of plants as drug, the demand for herbs is substantial.
Traditionally, the herbs are collected from wild, but the drug companies using
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botanicals are demanding cultivated uniform quality produce for processing
and drug development.
The problems faced by the sector are :-
a) Lack of reliable data base.
b) Lack of standardized cultivation practices especially for organic
cultivation.
c) Lack of Post harvest management Practices.
d) Lack of organized market facility.


2. SWOT Analysis
Strengths

a) Agro-climatic condition in the state is favorable for cultivation of many
medicinal plants.
b) Use of plants as drug is quite common among the vast rural masses and
the tribal population in the remote areas along the Himalaya foothills.
For these people, the age old practice the Local Health Tradition of use of
plants as passed from generation to generation through word of mouth
is practiced through housewives, tribal / rural physicians (Bagates), bone
setters, birth attendants etc. Folk traditions witness an association of varied
plant groups with major cultural events.
c) Availability of man-power. Within an area of only 3% of the country the
state sustains 8% of its population. In the absence of the agro processing
industry and existence of primitive rural units for milling, oil extraction
etc. the large segment of human power remains unemployed. About 10-
15 lakh labor force migrates every year.
d) The state has a strong network a agriculture colleges, research institutes,
KVKs under the overall control of Rajendra Agricultural University.
e) Agriculture holds the prime position in sustenance of the population
and the farmers are very well versed with the cultivation practices which
could be updated for the cultivation of medicinal plants.
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Weaknesses
Deficit in production and supply of quality planting material.
Poor transfer of technology. The high productivity achieved on
experimental farms are rarely witness on farmers fields.
Lack of strong domestic markets of promoting medicinal plants.
Low per capita availability of land (0.07 ha.)
Inadequate infrastructure for small and marginal farmers.
Inadequate research and extension support for developing new
technologies suited to the various agro-ecological zones in the state.
Absence of organized marketing system.
Poor packaging and post harvest handling system.
Lack of support from primitive sector.
Poor infrastructure for storage and transport of perishable export
commodities.
Lack of awareness towards quality of raw produce of medicinal and
aromatic plants.
Opportunities
Renewal of interest in drug of botanical Origin.
Market growth estimated to be above 7% per year.
High cost of production in developed countries which is almost 1/3 in the
state.
Thrust on development of medicinal plant sector by Govt. of India and
lately by the state Govt. also.
Low labour costs.
Extension of medicinal plant cultivation in non-traditional areas.
Innovative nature of farmers.
Threats
Vagaries of nature like floods and drought.
Frequent and wide price fluctuation.
International competition for export of medicinal plants produce and
products obtained from them especially from neighbouring countries.
Chances of adulteration with admixture of similar looking plants.
Poor electricity generation and supply.
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3. Details of the Annual Action Plan
3.1. Objectives and Strategy
3.1.1 Objectives
Support cultivation of medicinal plants according to need of AYUSH
system.
Offers an option of crop diversification and enhance incomes of
farmers.
Cultivation following Good Agricultural and Collection Practices to
export value added item.
Developments for infrastructures to farmers / to their cluster zones.
Implement and support certification mechanism for quality standers.
Adopt a Mission mode approach and promote partnership,
convergence and synergy among stake holders involved in R & D,
processing and marketing in public as well as private sector.
3.1.2 Strategy
Cultivation of commercially viable medicinal plants can, however be
promoted in the following ways:-
Plantation in rain fed, barren and problems soils
Within the state about 57% of 84.04 lakh ha. of gross cropped area is
irrigated and the rest ( 43 % ) is rain fed and draught prune. Unlike traditional
crops many medicinal plants have the unique capability to withstand a biotic
stress. Cultivation of these plants could be taken in rain fed area. Depending
upon the nature of the species, the plant species that can be grown profitably
water deficit areas are:-
S. No. Botanical Name Common Name
1 Withania somnifera Ashwagandha
2 Catharanthus roseus Sadabahar
3 Asparagus recimosus Shatawar
4 Rauvolfia serpentine Sarpgandha
5 Glorisa superb Kalihari
6 Mucuna puriens Kewanch
7 Phyllenthus ararus Bhumiamlaki
8 Tephrosia purpurea
9 Urginea idica
10 Andrographis pniculata Kalmegh
11 Plantago ovate Isabgol
12 Archyranthes aspera
13 Gymnema sylvestris Gudmar
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14 Tinosposa cordifolia Amrita
15 Barrhavia diffusa Punarnava
16 Cymbopogon martini
17 C. flexuosus
18 C. winterianus
19 Vetiveria zizinoides Khush
20 Abelmoschus moscatus
21 Matricaria chamomilla Jarman chameli
22 Ocimum basilicum etc. Tulsi

Saline and alkaline soils represent 2.60% of the total area in the state.
Much of this area is distributed in command area. Scope for cultivation of
palmarosa and lemon grass as also of Acorus calamus, Khas and German
chamomil on these problem soils appears to be good as these species with
stand moderate levels of sodicity with little effect on growth performance.
Wetlands in the state are spread over an area of 4.55 lakh ha.
representing 4.86% of the total area in the state. Besides, a large area gets
flooded during rainy Season. Some of the peripheral portion and other areas
get swallowed, depending upon the period of recession of the flood water and
provide the sites for cultivation of Acorus calmus and khas. The riparian areas
could be utilized for growing Centella asiatica ,Bacopa monnieri, Eclipta alba
some medicinal lilies.
Inter Cropping with Horticulture and Agro-Forestry Plantations
The forest area in Bihar is only 6.16 lakh ha. representing about 6.59% of
the total area of the state. The small area provides limited space for the natural
regeneration of medicinal plant wealth. However, growing perennial fruits
crops occupies a very important position in agriculture economy of this state.
The area under orchards is 2.86 lakh ha. providing fruits to the tune of 3.02
million tones. These area provide return area only 1% year and in off years,
hardly any produce is available. The area can be utilized judiciously for
cultivation of those medicinal and .aromatic plants which require less care
and management inputs. Selection of species, depending upon adjustment to
micro-climatic conditions in Agri Horticulture alone.
The species can be cultivated on these lands depending upon the age of
the orchard, plant habit of the species and adjustment under the canopy
micro. climate. Choice of Plant species, suited to these condition can be made
from:-
1. Rauwolfia serpentina
2. Andrographis paniculata
3. Piper longum
4. Urginea indica
5. Mucuna pruriens
6. Tinospora cordifolia
7. Arbus precatorious curculigo orchioides
8. Gloriosa superba
9. Pogostomon patchouli etc.
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Crop Planning Using Medicinal Plants
Inter-cropping with agriculture crops.
Inter-cropping enhance yield per unit area and the total income from
the produce. Including commercially viable herbs with the cultivation of food
crops has the potential to manifold the returns. Some of the viable options
available are Mint-sugarcane, Ashwagandha-sugarcane, Safed Musli- rabi
leguminous crops, pulse (lentil, chickpea and field pea) in Java citronella.
Introduction of the cropping sequence
Accommodation of Medicinal and Aromatic plant species in traditional
rotations has a good scope to improve the farm income as bonus crop. Rice-
Wheat cropping system is dominant in all the three agro climatic-zones.
Introduction of mediculture and agriculture in the state is thus, expected to
generate commensurate economic change in the state. Preliminary
experiments reveal that cultivation of mint after the main rabi crops such as
wheat, potato, tori, gram etc. is profitable and the area under the cultivation is
extending. Some other mint based rotations are:
1. Paddy-potato mint
2. Paddy-mint
3. paddy-mustard-mint
4. Ocimum-potato-mint
5. Maize-potato-mint
6. Late paddy-pea-mint
7. Arhar-mint
8. Mint-methi and mint potato etc.

Target
Medicinal plant sector has witnessed a resurgence of interest during the
past decade. The green produce and various product obtained from it are
looked upon not only as a source of affordable health care, but also as
important commodity items of national and international trade market.
Productions, protection, quality, processing and marketing through value
addition of harvested raw material are providing good avenues of self
employment. The enormous opportunities of business get further diversified
by use of plant derived molecules and compounds in pharmaceutical,
cosmeceuticals, nutraceutical and agro-chemical industries.
It is a very relevant and delivered that valuable species of medicinal
plants are not only protected but also their scientific cultivation is taken up to
meet the demand of domestic pharmaceuticals and also that of exports. The
demand necessitates commercial cultivation of medicinal plants for better,
uniform and bulk produce. The development strategies include collection and
preservation by establishing herbal gardens, making available planting
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material of valuable and largely consumed plant species and promoting their
cultivation through area expansion programme. As per rough estimates, the
state has an area of about 2600 ha of land put to commercial cultivation of
medicinal plants.
The uncultivable and cultivable wasteland will be brought under
cultivation through this ambitious programme. The state is promoting
demonstration seed production units in the rural area by giving assistance to
farmers. The state is also promoting farm level processing units for medicinal
and aromatic plants by giving assistance to the farmers, entrepreneurs, NGOs,
KVKs, Cooperative societies.
There is need to:
(a) Collect and reuse plantations of different medicinal plant species
which are suitable to the agro-climatic conditions of the state.
(b) Propagation and multiplication of different medicinal and
aromatic plants by seeds/ suckers/ grafting etc. for plantation/
cultivation in the farmers field.
(c) Demonstrations of medicinal and plant species on farmers, Govt.
farms to get the idea and confidence about their cultivation.
Training of farmers for the cultivation in tune with latest technology, post
harvest management and primary processing of medicine.
3.2 Address of Implementation Agency :

State Level with Contact Address : Arvinder Singh. I.F.S.
Mission Director
State Horticulture Mission
(Bihar Hort. Dev. Society)
Barack No. - 13
Main Secretariat Complex
Patna - 800015
Tele Fax. 0612-2215215
Mob. 9431818923
E-mail : dir-bhds-bih@nic.in


3.3 Salient Aspect of the annual action Plan :-
For the implementation of the Horticulture Mission in state a registered
Society ( Bihar Horticulture Development Society) has been formed
under Society Registration Act 21, 1860.
Board of Management consists of 13 members under the Chairmanship
of APC/ Secretary, Agriculture Dept.
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Director Horticulture, Bihar notified as Mission Director/Mission Sect.
of State Horticulture Mission.
Mission H.Q. situated in main secretariat complex at Patna.
The state has 38 Districts.
23 Districts cover under National Horticulture Mission.
Rest 15 Districts are under Chief Minister Hort. Mission on same pattern
of NHM.
Implementation of the scheme in different cluster selected with reference
to their agro-climatic suitability for growing medicinal plants through
farmers, Societies, NGOs, Growers, Association, Self-Help groups, State
Institutions and other similar entities.

Strategies to be followed
Though commercial cultivation option of the species of the Medicinal
Plants are picking up the state but still a lot of efforts are required to
observe the real impacts of their cultivation. Impetus in terms of
planning, funding, production, processing and strong market linkage
essential to harness the potentials of commercial production of medicinal
plants.
Formal bio-partnership between certified farmers and Ayurvedic
pharmaceutical companies need to be explored the arrangement should
ensure farmers with a guaranteed market and I fixed fair price for their
harvest, in exchange for exclusive rights to the produce as the sole buyer.
Other agencies like departments of forest, agriculture, health and family
welfare can come together to offer technical market related and other
input supply services to the various stake holders so that sector as a
whole can grow and dependence on outside source for primary health
care is minimized. Use of farmer interest groups for dissemination of
technology and market information can also be explored in the state.
Organizing the growers, encouraged cultivation through the organized
sector with linking the un organized farmers , and involved a pricing
mechanism with buy back arrangement with partner industries under
public private partnership (PPP)
-17-


3. 4.1 Component wise particulars of fund released during
the year 2008- 09
Sl. No. Component Fund released(Amt.in
Lakh )
1. Planting Material 40.00
2. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 63.75
3. Mission Management 5.19
Total 108.94
3.4.1.1 In order to meet the future demand of Quality Planting Materials
, ten small nurseries are in establishment process. Identified locations of
these Small Nurseries ( 1 ha.) are listed below :-
Sl.
No.
Agro-
climatic
zone
Location /
District
Crops No.
1.
Zone- I
East
Camparan
Shatawa 01
2. Muzffarpur Sarpgandha , Anola 01
3. Samastipur Mixed nursery of medicinal
plants
01
4.

Zone- II Katihar Mixed nursery of medicinal
plants
01
5. Zone- III
(A&B)
Rohtas Cynomonum spp. 01
6. Kaimur Buch 01
7. Patna Ghritkumari 01
8. Secretariat
Nursery /H.Q.
Mixed nursery of medicinal
plants
01
9. Nawada Tulsi 01
10. Bhaglpur Kalmegh, Bael 01
TOTAL 10
Fund released to District Mission Committee concerned for Nursery
establishment.
3.4.1.2 Approved Action Plan for Cultivation of Medicinal Crops 2008- 09
Sl.
No.
Crops Physical
Target
/Ha.
Financial
Outlay /Fund
released
(in lakh)
Remarks
1 Aloe vera / Ghritkumari 100 8.50 i.Farmers
identified.
ii .Buy- Back
proposal for
Stevia received
from M/S ,
Stanpack
pharma,Mumbai.
2 Andrographics
paniculate
/ Kalmegh
100 5.00
3 Ocimum sanctum /
Tulsi
100 6.00
4 Emblica offcinalis
/Amla
100 13.00
5 Stevia rebaudiana 50 31.25
Total 450 63.75
-18-


The Action Plan 2009-10 is based on the potential for development 0f
medicinal plants in Bihar. Thirty eight districts selected and grouped in
twenty two clusters.
DETAIL ACTION PLAN 2009-10

This programmed is in addition to that has been sanctioned in 2008-09. It
is requested to the NMPB, for revalidation of unspent balance for the year
2009-10.
3.4.1.3 Proposed Clusters and selected Medicinal Crop Matrix
Sl. District/Cluster Identified
Medicinal Plants
1. W.Champaran, E.Champaran, Samastipur,
Darbhanga, Purnea, Katihar, Saharsa, Supaul,
Madhubani, Rohtas, Bhojpur, Kaimur,
Bhagalpur
Buch
2 Rohtas, Bhojpur, Buxor, Kaimur, Patna,
Nawada,Shekhpura, Aorangabad, Gaya,
Jamui, Lakhisarai
Ghrit kumari



3 Siwan, Saran, Sitamarhi, Muzffarpur, Vaishali,
Gopalganj, Rohtas, Buxor, Kaimur, Nawada,
Aurangabad
Kalmegh
4 East & West Champaran, Saran, Muzffarpur,
Vaishali, Samastipur, Begusrai
Shatawar
5 Bhojpur, Patna Brahmi
6 Buxor, Gaya Punarnava
7 East Champaran, Muzffarpur, Vaishali,
Samastipur, Begusarai
Shwet musli
8 Samastpur, Gopalganj, Begusarai, Khgaria,
Bhojpur, Buxor, Patna,
Artemisia
Nawada
9 Saran, Siwan, Rohtas, Buxor, Kaimur Amla
10 Rohtas, Buxor, Ga Gudmar
11 Samastipur, Begusarai, Khagria, Nawada,
Buxor
Tulsi
13 Purnea, Saharsa, Supol, Madhbani Pippli
14 Gopalganj, Patna, Nawada Stevia
15 Siwan, Saran, Nalanda, Nawada Ashwagandha
16 Rohtas, Buxor, Kaimur, Nawada, Aurangabad,
Monger, Bhagalpur, Banka, Jamui, Lakhisarai
Cynomonum spp.
17 Katihar, Saharsa, Rohtas, Buxor, Kaimur,
Nalanda
Patherchur
-19-

18 Rohtas, Kaimur, Nawada, Gaya, Aurangabad,
Munger, Bhagalpur, Banka, Jamuai, Lakhisarai
Bael
19 East & West Champaran, Siwan, Saran,
Sitamarhi, Muzffarpur, Madhubani,
Darbhanga, Samastipur, Gopalganj, Rohtas,
Buxor, Aurangabad, Gaya, Banka, Jamuai
Sarpgandha
20 Nawada, Aurangabad, Gaya Chitrak
21 Siwan, Saran, Rohtas, Kaimur, Nawada,
Shekhpura,Jehanabad, Aurangabad, Gaya,
Jamuai, Banka
Kalihari
22 Rohtas, Kaimur, Nawada, Aurangabad, Gaya,
Banka,Jamuai
Guggal
3.4.2 Establishment of Seed centre and Nurseries for supply of certified
planting material :
Cultivation of medicinal plants and eventual returns from such
cultivation is largely dependent upon the quality of the planting material used.
Among the inputs for higher production and productivity of crops, seeds and
quality planting materials account for 20 to 30% of the potential productivity.
A large number of diseases are spreading the nursery itself. Hence, healthy
(disease free) planting material becomes a primary prerequisite and an essential
component of establishment of new gardens in medicinal plants.
In order to meet the demand of the quality planting materials for implementing
the programmes of establishment of new gardens, it is proposed to establish a
total of 20 including 2 model nurseries ( public ), 4 private model nurseries and
6 public small nurseries, 12 private small nurseries.
Sl. No. /
Particulars
Rate of
assistance
(Rs.in lakh)
Units / nos. Amount (Rs.in
lakh)
1 . Model Nursery ( 4 ha )
Public 20.00 2 40.00
Private 10.00 4 40.00
2 Small Nursery ( 1 ha )
Public 4.00 6 24.00
Private 2.00 12 24.00
TOTAL 24 128.00
Sites proposed for establishment of medicinal plant gardens with nurseries.
To meet the requirement of quality planting material for cultivation,
Herbal garden with Nursery for Medicinal Plant will be established in Public
sector and Private sector as follows : -
Public Sector
Sl
No.
Agro
Climatic
Name of Districts Model
Nursery
Small
Nursery
1 Zone I Saran,
Vaishali,

01


01
-

-20-

2 Zone II Purnea
Sahrasa
Khagaria
01
01
01

3 Zone III
(A&B)
Buxar
Gaya
Monger


01
01
01
-
Total 02 06

Private Sector
Sl.
No.
Agro-Climatic Zone Location /
District
Model Nursery
(4ha.)
Small
Nursery
(1ha.)
1 Zone I To be identified 01 04
2 Zone II -do- 01 04
3 Zone III (A&B) -do- 02 04
Total - do- 04 12


Specific Quality Planting Material will raised in each Model/ Small
Nursery. A tentative list of plants listed below:

A
(1)
(2)
Model Nurseries
Desri, Vaishali
Kharagpur, Munger
In situ and Ex-situ conservation/
resource augmentation of Rare,
Endangered/ Threatened (RET) and
prioritized species in high demand.


Proposed List of Small Nurseries in Public Sector for 2009-10
B
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)


Small Nurseries
Saran
Purnea
Saharsa
Khagaria
Buxar
Gaya



Mixed Nursery of Medicinal Plants
Pippli
Coleus species
Mixed Nursery of Medicinal Plants
Ashwagandha
Gudmar, Chitrak

* Medicinal Tree will be planted around the boundary of the nursery.
Infrastructure available with state for planting material
There is Two herbal garden and nursery established in the agricultural
university and other is in Patna, in order to meet the medicinal plant
requirement in the state, it is proposed to strengthen this facility to provide for
the growing importance of the section on modern scientific lines.

-21-


It is good news for the farmers of Bihar that M/s Stanpack pharma, Navi
Mumbai-400710, put forward their contract Farming Proposal for Stevia
rebaudiana B and Artemisia annua Linn. Cultivation in the state. The industry
also facilitated buy back agreement for the purchase of raw material (dry
leaves) at the prefixed price Rs. 4000-5000/- Quintal of leaf, depends upon
Steviol content i.e. calorie free sweetener for Diabetic patients.
Artemisinin (a amorphane sesquiterpene) Compound are derived from a raw
substances extracted by the Artemisia annua plants, which used in malaria.
The Contract farming arrangement will play a great role in supply of quality
planting material inputs and provision of technical support services along with
better market access for their produce.
3.4.2 CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
(Species-wise proposed area and Financial Outlays)

Buch (Acorus calamus )
Common name -Sweet flag
Parts used- Rhizome. A small aquatic or marshy herb, with tuberous fleshy,
creeping, aromatic cylinctrical rhizome leaves linear strap shaped, thiclcened on vain.
Bitter / pungent intaste.
Used in Dyspepsia, Colic, Remittent fever, Caused depression in blood pressure
epilepsy bronchilis and Respiration, Cough, Throat disorder, Chronic diarrhoea,
flatulence and Calculi. It is nerve tonic and have demand in market.
It is proposed to cultivate in 200 ha. in 2009-10.
Aloe vera
Aloe vera:
Aloe vera is known as the Medicinal Aloe are widely usedin cosmetics
and alternative medicine industries, being marketedas variously having
rejuvenating, healing and soothing properties. The extracts of the plant may
be useful in the treatment of diabetes and elevated blood lipids in human. Its
cultivation will be profitable for farmers of the state.
It is proposed to establish neu area of Ghrit Kumari is in area of 400 ha.
during 2009-10.
Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata)
An annual herb grows up to 50 cm in height, having slender
quadrangular branches, leaves opposite, lanceolate, sub sessile, flowers small
bluish white, numerous, whitish, fruits minute pointed capsules, seeds are
many.
The plant pacifies tridoshas, skin diseases, burning sensation, cough
and bronchitis. Plant stimulates liver and purifies vitiated blood. Whole plant
is used for medicinal purpose.
An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Kalmegh
(Andrographis paniculata) during the year 2009-10.
-22-



Shatavar (Asparagus racemosus)
Asparagus is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 100-150 cm tall,
with stout larissa stems with much-branched feathery foliage. The leaves are
in fact needle-like cladodes (modified stems) in the axils of scale leaves; they
are 6-32 mm long and 1 mm broad, and clustered 4-15 together. The flowers
are bell-shaped, greenish-white to yellowish, 4.5-6.5 mm long, with six sepals
partially fused together at the base; they are produced singly or in clusters of
2-3 in the junctions of the branch lets. It is usually dioeciously, with male and
female flowers on separate plants, but sometimes hermaphrodite flowers are
found. The fruit is a small red berry 6-10 mm diameter. Green asparagus is
eaten worldwide, commonly with eggs in China and with beef in Britain. It is
not considered a delicacy as it is very cheap and easy to obtain. This does not
hold for white asparagus, see below. These are considered a popular but
expensive May-June seasonal delicacy in northwest Europe, locally
nicknamed white gold.
Plants native to the western coasts of Europe (from northern Spain
north to Ireland, Great Britain, and northwest Germany) are treated as
Asparagus officinalis subsp. prostrates (Dumort.) Corb; distinguished by its
low-growing, often prostrate stems growing to only 30-70 cm high, and
shorter cladodes 2-18 mm long.
Asparagus rhizomes and root is used ethnomedically to treat urinary
tract infections, as well as kidney and bladder stones.
Asparagus is also believed to have aphrodisiac properties (this belief is
at least partially due to the phallic shape of the shoots).
An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Shatavar
(Asparagus racemous) during the year 2009-10.
Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri)
Bacopa monnieri is a perennial, creeping herb whose habitat includes
wetlands and muddy shores. Common names include Coastal Waterhyssop
and brahmi. But brahmi is also the Ayurvedic name given to Centella asiatica
and other herbs, and while B. monnieri is often simply called water hyssop
or waterhyssop, this actually can refer to any species of Bacopa. This plant
is also sometimes called thyme-leafed gratiola.
-23-

This plant has a number of uses in Ayuurveda. It is traditional
treatment for epilepsy and asthma. Laboratory studies on rats indicate that
extracts of the plant improve memory capacity and motor learning ability.
Studies in humans show that an extract of the plant has antianxiety effects. It
is listed as a nootropic, a drug that enhances cognitive ability. In India, this
plant has also been used traditionally to consecrate newborn babies in the
belief that it will open the gateway of intelligence. Recent studies suggest
bacopa may improve intellectual activity. It has antioxidant properties,
reducing oxidation of fats in the bloodstream.
It is proposed to establish new area of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) is in an
area of 50 ha during the year of 2009-10.
Shwet musli (Chlorophytam borivillianum)
Parts used :- Fleshy Roots and Tubers
Habit :- A small herb becomes cons picuous after rainy season;
when it flowers Leaves are flat ribbonshaped and 15 inch long.
Taste :- Tasteless.
Chemical Constituents : Roots Contain : Steroids, Resin, Phenolics,
Tannins, Carbohydrates, Calcium, Magnessium and Potassium.
Actions :- Cooling, Diuretic, Aphrodisiac, Tonic
Used in :- Diarrhoea, Leucorrhoea, Dysentery, Gonorrhoea, Seminal
debility and General debility.
It is proposed to establish new area of Shwet musli is in an area of
100 ha during the year of 2009-10.

Artemisia (Artemisia annua Linn)
Wide spectrum uses of artemisinin will ensure(s) that it will remain a
hot commodity to the drug manufacturers for next 20-30 years. Besides, A
annua will remain the principal resource of artemisinin for at least 10-20
years. Short supply of artemisinin in the international market had delayed
implementation of RBM and MDG programmes. In the mean time to check
the short supply of artemisinin the only available option is to increase the
production of artemisinin by superior A. annua cultivation.
The Artemisia annua plants grow as a weed in Central Asia and Europe.
Until recently artemisinin used to be produced by extraction of herbage
harvested from the wild populations of A. annua growing in China and
Vietnam. The rapidly increasing demand for artemisinin can only be met by
cultivation of domesticated and improved varieties of A. annua. The most
important characters which determine the yield of artemisinin in A. annua
crop are the mass of the artemisinin bearing organs (leaves) and the average
content of artemisinin in these organs.
-24-


The Artemisia crop fits very well in Indian farmers crop rotations.
It is proposed to establish new area of Artemisia is in an area of
100 ha during the year of 2009-10.

Amla (Emblica officinalis)
The Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica, syn. Emblica officinalis) is a
deciduous tree of the Euphorbiacea family. It is known for its edible fruit of
the same name. Common names of this tree include amalaka in Sanskrit, amla
in Hindi, amlaki in Bengali, and Amala in Nepal Bhasa. Other names for
Indian gooseberry include nelli in Sinhala, nellikka in Malayalam, amlakhi in
Assamese, usirikai in Telugu, and nellikkaai in Tamil, and Kannada as well as
aonla, aola, ammalaki, dharty, aamvala, aawallaa, emblic, Emblic myrobalan, Malacca
tree, nillika, and nellikya in various other languages.
All parts of the plant are used in various Ayurvedic herbal
preparations, including the fruit, seed, leaves, root, bark and flowers.
According to Ayurveda, amla fruit is sour (amla) and astringent (kashaya) in
taste (rasa), with sweet (madhura), bitter (tikta) and pungent (katu) secondary
tastes (annurasas) Its qualities (gunas) are light (laghu) and dry (ruksha), the
post-digestive effect (vipaka) is sweet (madhura), and its energy (virya) is
cooling (shita). According to Ayurveda, amla is specific to pitta due to its
sweet taste and cooling energy. However, amla is thought to blanace vata by
virtue of its sour taste, and kapha due to its astringent taste and drying action.
It may be used as a rasayana (rejuvenative) to promote longevity, and
traditionally to enhance digestion (dipanapachana), treat constipation
(anuloma), reduce fever (jvaraghna), purify the blood (raktaprasadana),
reduce cough (kasahara), alleviate asthma (swasahara), strengthen the heart
(hridaya), benefit of the eyes (chakshushya), stimulate hair growth
(romasanjana), enliven the body (jivaniya), and enhance intellect (medhya). In
Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations, Indian gooseberry is a common
constituent, and most notably is the primary ingredient in an ancient herbal
rasayana called Chyawanprash. This formula, which contains 43 herbal
ingredients as well as clarified butter, sesame oil, sugar cane juice, and honey,
was first mentioned in the Charaka Samhita as a premier rasayana or
rejuvenative compound.
It is proposed to establish new plantation of Amla in area of 400 ha
during the year of 2009-10.
-25-


Gudmar (Gymnema sylvestris)
Parts used :- Whole Plant.
Description :- A large woody much branched extensive climber,
pubescent; Leaves opposite, flowers small yellowish.
Taste :- Bitter.
Chemical Constitutents :- Leaves Contains : Gymnemic acid, Quercitol,
Anthraquinon, Saponin, Calcium oxalate.
Actions :- Astringent, Diuretic, Liver tonic, Cardiotonic and Uterintonic.
Used in :- Diabetes, Cough, Asthma, Amenorrhoea, Increases insulin in
blood and oxidized glucose.
It is proposed to establish new plantation of Gudmar in area of 50 ha during
the year of 2009-10.

Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)
An erect much branched undershrub, grows up to 1 m in height. Leaves
are pale greenish in color, simple, opposite, elliptic, oblong, obtuse or acute,
serreate, entire, pubescent on both sides. Petiole is slender and hairy. Flowers
are purplish in elongate racemes. Fruits are nutlets, smooth, not mucilaginous
when wet.
The plant pacifies vitiated tridoshas, cough, asthma, bronchitis, fever,
toxins, vomiting, lumbago, gastric distension, genitor-urinary diseases,
ringworm, and skin diseases. The whole plant is medicinal. Essential oil
derived from vagitative parts of the O. sanctum is costly. Very good scope for
cultivation.
An area of 900 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Tulsi (Ocimum
sanctum) during the year 2009-10.

Pippli (Piper longum)
Aromatic, stimulant, carminative, good for constipation, for gonorrhea,
paralysis of the tongue, advised in diarrhea, cholera, scarlatina, Chronic
Malaria, Viral hepatitis. Piper Longum is most commonly used to treat
respiratory infectsion such as stomachache, bronchitis, diseases of the spleen,
cough, tumors, and asthma. When applied topically, it soothes and relieves
muscular pains and inflammation. In Ayurvedic Medicine, it is said to be a
good rejuvenator. Piper Longum helps stimulate the appetite and it dispels
gas from the intestines. An infusion of Piper Longum root is used after birth to
induce the expulsion of the placenta. It is used as sedative in insomnia and
epilepsy. Also as cholagogue in obstruction of bile duct and gall bladder.
An area of 50 has is proposed to bring under the cultivation of Pippli (Piper
longum) during the year 2009-10.

-26-


Madhukari (Stevia rebaudiana)
Sterioside/steriol derived from dry leaf of slevia. It is completely
natural product contains absolutely no calories. The leaves can be used in
their natural form. Due to enormous sweetening only small quantity need to
be use to Diabitic patient. Stable when heated 200
0
C. Non fermentive and
flavor enhancing properties is ideal for sweetner. Farmers can get better profit
incomprasion to other traditional crops.

A buyback proposal for stevia dry leaves received from M/s Stenpack
Pharma Mumbai.

An area of 200 has is proposed to bring under the cultivation of Madhukari (Stevia
rebaudiana) during the year 2009-10.

Ashwagandha (Withenia somnifera)
Parts used :- Roots, Leaves, Fruits, Seeds & Whole Plant.
Description :- A small hairy under shrub, about 3-4 feet high branches
are zigzag and clothed withstellate hairs stout, root flashy. Leaves simple
cuneate, narrow at base and clothed with stellat hairs. Flowers in
clusters, yellowish green, in axils. Fruits are berry enclosed with
persistant calyx.
Taste :- Bitter acrid.
Chemical constitutents :- Root Contains :- Alkaloids (Somniferon)
Withaminon, Wasamin, Sugars, Glycosides, Amino acids, Essentialoil,
Withaniol, Hentriacontane Phytosterol & Oils; Leaves Contain :-
Withanoloids Alkaloids, Glycosides, Glucose, Amino acids, Stem
Contains : Proteins Fibres, Amino acids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Calcium
and Iron.
Actions :- Alternative, Aphrodisiac, Rejuvenator, Diuretic, Narcotic,
Antipurgative, Tonic. Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antifungal,
Antibacterial, alexipharmic, somniferous.
Used in :- Roots-fever, painful swellings, Ulcer, Carbuncles, Neurological
disorder, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular System, Gastric activity,
Leucoderma Tuberculosis, Ricketsia, insomnia.
An area of 200 ha. is proposed to bring under the cultivation of
Pippli (Piper longum) during the year 2009-10.
Cinnamon/Dalchini/Tejpat (Cinnamomum spp.)
A small to medium sized evergreen tree grows up to 20 meters in
height. Leaves simple, opposite, ovate-elliptic, acuminate and shiny with
prominent veins. Flowers axillary in sub-terminal cymes, fruits ovoid berries,
dark purple when ripe, containing single seed.

-27-


The plant pacifies vitiated vata, kapha, pain arthritis, cough, asthma,
headache, dental caries, cardiac disorders, diarrhea, vomiting nausea,
flatulence, fever and discoloration on face. The useful parts are its bark and
oil.
An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation
Cinnamon/Dalchini/ Tejpat (Cinnamomum spp.) during the year 2009-10.

Coleus Species (Patharchur etc.)
Parts used :- Roots and Tender twigs.
Description :- A small perennial, hairy herb, about 1-3 feet high with
thick and fleshy leaves aromatic flowers light purple.
Taste :- Bitter.
Chemical Constituents :- Leaves Contains : Diterpene, Methylene-
quinone, Couleon, Cyclobuta tucin, Roots Contain : Naphtho pyrone
(Rocetin) and Dialdehyde, Avolatile oile carvacrol is also found.
Actions :- Stomachic Digestive, Carminative, Diurtic, Spasmolytic, Anti
calculii.
Used in :- Cardiovascular ailment, Heart troubles, lowering flood
pressure, Lymphcaytic leukemia; Extract of aerial parts: is spasmolytic,
Extract of Roots: Hypotensive. Leaves : useful in polyuria, Thirst,
flatulence, colic, Asthma, chronic cough, Epilepsy & urinary troubles.
An area of 200 has is proposed to bring under the cultivation of Coleus spp.
during the year 2009-10.
Bael tree (Aeagle marmelos)
Medium sized thorny deciduous tree grows up to 10 meters in height.
Leaves trifoliate, aromatic, and alternate. Leaflets are ovate-lanceolate. Lateral
leaflets are sub sessile and terminal long petioled. Flowers are greenish shite,
found in axillary panicles. Fruits are globose woody berry with yellow pupl.
Seeds are numerous, oblong and embedded in pulp.
The Plant pacifies vitiated kapha, vata, body paid, poison, diarrhea,
dysentery, vomiting and intermittent fever. Pulp of unripe fruit is
constipating whereas that of ripened fruit is laxative. Leaves cure diabetes,
cough, inflammation and asthma. Useful parts are leaves, root and fruits.
An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Bael tree (Aegle
marmelos) during the year 2009-10.
-28-


Sarpgandha (Rauwolfia serpentina)
Rauwolfia serpentine or snakeroot is a species of flowring plant in the
family Apocynaceae. The extract of the plant has also been used for millennia
in India it was reported that Mahatma Gandhi took it as a tranquilizer
during his lifetime.
The wood, commonly known as serpentwood, is mildly popular
amongst woodcarving and woodturning hobbyists.
This plant is used medicinally both in the Modern Western Medical
system and also in Ayurveda. Unani and folk medicine. It helps to reduce
blood pressure, depresses activity of central nervous system and acts as a
hypnotic. Snakeroot depletes catecholamine and serotonin from nerves in
central nervous system. Refined snakeroot has been used extensively in recent
years to treat hypertension. It is used as an antidote to the bites of poisonous
reptile like snakes. It is also used to treat dysentery and other painful
affections of the intestinal canal.
An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Sarpgandha
(Rauwolfia serpentina) during the year 2009-10.
Chitrak (Plumbago zeylenica)
Parts used :- Roots, Root bark and Leaves.
Description :- A subscandent, perennial shrub 3-6 feet high, flowers
white with glandular haris on calyxtube.
Taste :- Acrid-Bitter.
Chemical Constituents :- Plant Contains : Volatile oil, Chitranone, Alpha
and Beta-Amyrin, Lupeol, Taraxasterol, Fructose, Glucose, Invertase,
Protease, Chloroplumbagin, Droserone, Elliptinone, Zeylanone,
Zeylinone, Meritone, Catechol, Tannin, Amino acid, Plumbagic acid,
Roots Contain :- An acrid alkadoid Plumbagin.
Actions :- Antibacterial, Antifungal, Digestive, Stomachic, Diphoretic,
Antileprotic, Rejuvenator.
Used in :- Indigestion, Flatulance, Fever, Leprosy, Anaemia, Piles,
Diarrhoea, Dyspesia, Dermatitis, Cardiac Stimulant, Uterotonic,
Appitizer, Hepato protective, Anticancer, Pruritus, Worms infestation.
An area of 50 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Chitrak
during the year 2009-10.
-29-


Kalihari (Glorisa superba)
Parts used :- Rhizome and Root.
Description :- A large annual glabrous herbaceous climber, Root stock
tuberous, cylindrical bifurcated leaves tip ending in a tendril like spiral,
Flowers beautiful perianth segment with wavy margin yellow to
crimson.
Taste :- Bitter, Acrid, pungent, Astringent.
Chemical Constituents :- Rhizome Tubers Contain : Alkaloid Colchicine;
Superbine, Gloriosine; Sitosterol, Glucosides, Benjoic acid and Resins.
Actions :- Purgative, Cholagogue, Anthelmintic, Stomachic, Bitter Tonic,
Antibiotic Abortifaciant, Febrifuge, Anti-inflammatory antileprotic.
Used in: - Tuber is: Anthelmintic Abortifacient: Paste of Tuber is
antidotal in snake bite, Root powder in : Fever, Rheymatism,
Spleenomegaly, Tumours, Gonorrhoea, Erysiplalas, Sores, Siphilis;
Extrract of whole plant is spasmolytic, useful in : Leprosy, Piles Ulcers,
Colic & Swellings dermatitis.

An area of 50 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Kalihari during the
year 2009-10.

Guggal (Commiphora wighti)
Parts used :- Gum Resin
Description :- A small tree with spinescent branches. Leaves trifoliate,
crenate glaborous; Fruits are fleshy & globular.
Taste :- Bitter
Chemical Constituents :- Gum-Resin Contain : Sesamin, Steroids,
Essentialoil; Guggul Sterol, Guguls steron, Myrcene, Dimercene,
Polymercene and sugars, Flowers contain : Myrcaylcohol, Beta-sito sterol,
Aminoacids, sugars, alpha-camphorene, Cembrene, Allyslembrol,
Flavonoids and Ellagicacid. Seed oil : Linoleic acid, Oleic acid, Palmitic
acid, stearic acid.
Actions : Astringent, Expectorant, Aphrodisiac, Carminattive, Anti
spasmodic Anti bacterial, Blood purifier, anthelminitc, anti-
inflammatory, anodyne, diaphoretic.
Used in :- Emmenagogue, Arthritis, Leprosy, Impotency, Liver disorders,
Hemiplagia, Thyroid to enriched protein in blood Sterlity. Sciatica,
neuralgia, scrophula reduces cholesterol and obesity.

An area of 100 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Guggal during
the year 2009-10.
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3.4.3 POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT
In many South Asian countries, medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs)
are playing an increasingly important role in the subsistence economy of rural
people. The production, post harvest handling and marketing of MAPs have
the potential to significantly contribute to the cash income of the rural poor,
especially women. It is estimated that as high as 30% of the raw material
reaching the manufacturers is of poor quality and is, therefore, rejected.
Cultivation of medicinal plants, therefore, needs to be transportation. These
facilities are essential for increasing the marketability of the medicinal plants,
adding value to the produce, increasing profitability and reducing losses.
Many opportunities exist to improve rural livelihoods by helping small-scale
farmers organize to profitably produce MAPs on marginal lands in an
environmentally farmers organize to profitably produce MAPs on marginal
lands in an environmentally sustainable manner while maintaining the
biodiversity of these natural products. Also, MAP-based micro-enterprises can
provide new employment opportunities for the rural poor.

Drying Yards :- Drying yards are necessary to accomplish the primary task
of drying the products in hygienic conditions. In addition, cleaning and
grading infrastructure is an essential activity to be linked to drying to increase
the shelf life and the market price of the herbs. Since herbs have to be dried in
shades, drying yards with shade net provision or facilities for low
temperature drying will have to created.
It is proposed to provide assistance for 22 drying yards in Public( SHGs / Co-
operative ) sector.

Sl.
No.
Particulars Rate of
assistance
(Rs. in Lakhs)
Units
(No.)
Amount
(Rs. in Lakh)
1. Drying
Yards
Public/SHGs
Co-operatives
etc.
5.00 22 110.00
Private 2.50 - -
2. Total :- 22 110.00

Storage godowns:- The storage godown is expected to receive produce
from nearby drying yards. The storage godowns act as a link between drying
yards and processing units. Storage godowns and drying yards have to be
adequately ventilated and set up at strategic locations. The storage godowns
and drying yards have to be located in such a manner that they are not very
far from the farm lands and caters to the identified clusters of cultivation.
It is proposed to provide assistance for 10 storage godowns in public sector.
-31-


Processing and Value Addition

Processing unit: - Processing unit based on the medicinal plants grown in the
clusters would have to be setup, some of which will be plant specific. The
processing unit would preferably be set up with in the existing industrial
estates, which have the necessary infrastructure of power, road network and
linkages with rail/sea port. The Ayurvedic tradition is so well established in
Bihar that we have many Ayurvedic industries manufacturing ayurvedic
drugs. These units have to be supported step by step under Good
Manufacturing Practices.
It is proposed to provide one processing units in Private sector.


Quality testing Lab :- For this component there is proposal for 2 Units and Rs
.60 Lakhs are earmarked.

Support for Quality Testing :- The quality testing of herbs/ medicinal plants
produced by the growers is key to realization of remunerative prices. For this
L.S. Rs.5 Lakh proposed.

Market Promotion :- The programme for market promotion like media
promotion, participation in exhibitions, trade fairs, hiring display facilities,
melas etc project based but limited to 10 lakhs. Each cluster will be eligible for
50% assistance under market promotion for the herbs/raw material produced
by the cluster.

It is proposed to conduct 10 mela/trade fair/exhibitions Rs. 50 lakhs @ 5 lakhs per
mela.
Sl.
No.
Particulars Rate of
assistance
(Rs. in Lakhs)
Units
(No.)
Amount
(Rs. in Lakh)
1. Drying
Yards
Public/SHGs
Co-operatives
etc.
5.00 10 50.00
Private - - -
2. Total :- 10 50.00
Sl.
No.
Particulars Rate of
assistance
(Rs. in Lakhs)
Units
(No.)
Amount
(Rs. in Lakh)
1. Public - - -
Private 50.00 01 50.00
Total :- 01 50.00
-32-


Market Intelligence :- This includes collection, compilation and dissemination
of market intelligence to growers. We would like to establish the most modern
electronic market intelligence system for which we intend to start a profile
for each mandi of the state. The profile should include the general information
regarding the administration, rail and road accessibility, location, quantity
and type of commodities relating to medicinal plants handled, market
functionaries, transactional methods like system of sale & payment, degree of
transparency etc. Financial position of the mandi with respect to the annual
income & expenditure will also be specified. A detailed location map of
Ayurvedic hospitals, traders, manufacturers, cultivators shall also be
included.
It is proposed to set apart an amount of Rs. 10 lakhs for this component.

Market Infrastructure: - Under this component herbal mandies will be set up
at rural area as rural mandi.

Considering these needs, it is proposed to provide 2 rural mandies .

Buy back interventions:- The buy back interventions in the form of buyer-
seller meetings, flexible and innovative marketing arrangements, creation of
revolving fund at Cluster level for marketing of medicinal plants, and
mobilization assistance to SHGs, cooperatives, producer companies could be
provided under this component of the scheme.

Considering these needs it is to provide Rs. 25.00 lacs only.
Sl.
No.
Particulars Rate of
assistance
(Rs. in Lakhs)
Units
(No.)
Amount
(Rs. in Lakh)
1. Melas/ Trade fair/
Exhibitions
5.00 10 50.00
Total :-
Sl.
No.
Particulars Rate of
assistance
(Rs. in Lakhs)
Amount
(Rs. in Lakh)
1. Market Intelligence Project based 10.00
Total :- 10.00
Sl.
No.
Particulars Rate of
assistance
(Rs. in Lakhs)
Units
(No.)
Amount
(Rs. in Lakh)
1. Rural mandies 10.00 2 20
2. State/ District level mandies - - -
Total :- 2 20
-33-



Organic/GAP certification :- Organic and GAP certification are the key to
ensuring quality of the medicinal plants/ herbs and can secure benefits to
farmers through better prices for their produce and to consumer by way of
better quality of herbal/AYUSH products. The certification charges will
preferably be done on a group basis to the limit of Rs. 5 lakhs for 50 ha of
cultivation in groups/clusters.

It is proposed to implement this component in an area of 100 ha. Certifying Agency
need to identified.

Crop Insurance :- Medicinal plants are a new activity under farming and
therefore, farmers need to be covered with crop insurance. This Component
seeks to provide assistance towards payment of 50% of the premium for
particular crop. The premium and the details of the scheme will be finalized in
consultation with Agriculture Insurance Company of India Ltd.
It is proposed to earmark and amount of L.S. Rs. 5 lakhs for this component. A
proposal will
be sent to Agricultural Insurance Co.

Management Support

The State Horticulture Mission / Bihar Horticlture Development Socity,
GoB is the chief implementing agency with the Mission Director at the State
headquarters having technical staff at the District, Block to execute and
monitor the programmes.

Under Management Support the following allocation of fund is
proposed for various activities for the year 2009-10.

For this component, State and District level organizations implementing
the programme including additional man power as well as expense for project
preparation and other administrative expenses including hiring of transport,
T.E, office expenses, hardware/software etc. is required for which and
amount of Rs. 70.406 lakhs is earmarked.
Sl.
No.
Particulars Rate of
assistance
(Rs. in Lakhs)
Units
(No.)
Amount
(Rs. in Lakh)
1. Organic / GAP certification 5.00 2 10
Total :- 2 10
Sl.
No.
Particulars Rate of
assistance
(Rs. in Lakhs)
Units
(No.)
Amount
(Rs. in Lakh)
1. Crop Insurance
-34-



Components (with physical targets and financial out lays) 2009-10 / Bihar

Sl.
No.
Component Estimated Cost Physical
Target
(No./Ha. )
Financial
Outlay
(in lakh)
3.4.1 Nursery
(a) Public sector
1.Model nursery (4ha.) 2000000.00 2 40.00
2. Small nursery (1ha.) 400000.00 06 24.00
(b) Private sector
1. Model nursery (4ha.) 2000000.00 4 40.00
2. Small nursery (ha.) 400000.00 12 24.00
TOTAL 128.00
3.4.2 Cultivation (Species wise
proposed area & financial
outlays for different clusters).
Plant eligible for 20%

1.Acorus calamus/Buch 65000/ha 200 26.00
2.Aloe vera/Ghrit kumari 42500/ha 400 34.00
3.Andrographis
paniculata/Kalmegh
25000/ha 200 10.00
4.Asparagus
recimosus/Shatawar
62500/ha 200 25.00
6.Bacopa monnieri /Centella
asiatica (Brahmi)
40000/ha 50 4..00
7.Chlorophytam
borivillianum/Shwet musli
L.S. / Cost of
cultivation not
decided
100 62.50
8.Artemisia anua Linn. L.S. 100 12.50
9.Embelica officinalis/Amla 65000/ha 400 52.00
10.Gymnema sylvestris/Gudmar 25000/ha 50 2.50
11.Ocimum sanctum 30000/ha 900 54.00
12.Piper longum 62500/ha 50 6.25
13.Stevia rebaudiana
/Madhukari
312500/ha 200 125.00
14.Withenia
somnifera/Ashwagandha
25000/ha 200 10.00
15.Cynomonum species
(Tejpat / Dalchini.)
77500/ha 200 31.00
16.Coleus species (Patharchur
etc.)
43000/ha 200 17.20
SUB TOTAL 3450 471.95
Plant eligible for 50%
subsidy

1.Aegle marmelos/Bael 40000/ha 200 40.00
2.Rauwolfia 62500/ha 200 62.50
-35-

serpentine/Sarpgandha
3.Plumbago zeylenica L.S. 50 31.25
4.Glorisa superba/ Kalihari 137500/ha 50 34.375
SUB TOTAL 500 168.125
Plant eligible for 75%
subsidy

1.Commiphora wighti/Guggal 160000/ha 100 120.00
SU TOTAL 120.00
Total of Cultivation 4050 760.075
POST HARVEST
MANAGEMENT

3.4.3 (a) Storage/warehousing 5.00 lakh 10 50.00
(b)Drying/grading sheds 5.00 lakh 22 110.00
TOTAL 160.00
PROCESS &VALUE
ADDITION

(c)Processing units 200.00 lakh 01 50.00
(d)Quality testing lab. 100.00 lakh 02 60.00
(e)Support for quality testing 50% of testing
charges
max.Rs.5000/-
L.S. 5.00
(f)Primary Distillation unit 5.00 lakh 100 125.00
TOTAL 240.00
3.4.4 Marketing
(a)Market promotion 10.00 lakh 10 50.00
(b)Market intelligence P.B. 10.00
(c)Market infrastructure Rural Mandi-10
lakh District
Mandi-200.00
lakh
P.B-02.
-00
20.00
-
(d)By-back interventions
including mobilization of
SHGs/Cooperatives
P.B 25.00
TOTAL 105.00
3.4.5 Certification and insurance
(a) Organic/GAP
certification
5 lakh for 50 ha. 02 10.00
(b) Crop insurance 50% of premium L.S. 5.00
TOTAL 15.00
SUB TOTAL 1408.12
3.5 MANAGEMENT SUPPORT
Additional Manpower in HQ
for the implementation of the
programme 2008-09 & 09-10
for 11 months (June 09-
March 10)
Amount in Lakh
Project Management 4.40
-36-

Consultant (02) @ 20000 Per
month fixed
Data Entry Operator (02) @
8000 per month
1.32
Assistant/ Cashier/
Accountant (03) @ 10000 per
month
3.30
Medicinal Field Consultant
(20) @ 8000 per month
8.80
Vehicle Hire Basis / POL
etc.

Photo copy operator(1)@
5000/-Month
0.55
TOTAL 18.37 Within
5% of
Managem
ent
Support
I) State and District level
organizations
implementing the
programme including
additional manpower
5% of the annual
expenditure on the
basis of appraised
need.
70.406
II) Project preparation cost
and other administrative
cost including hiring of
transport E, office
expenses hard ware/ soft
ware etc.

III) Other expenses including
exposure visits with in
the country and abroad
P.B.
GRAND TOTAL 1478.526
or
1478.53

Rs. Fourteen crore, Seventy eight lakh, fifty three thousand only.



-37-