Figure 18.

1Urinary Sysstem
URINARY SYSTEM
- Excretory System
- composed of organs that
excrete water and waste
products in the form of
urine
ORGANS:
1. Kidneys
2. Ureter
3. Urinary Bladder
4. Urethra
URINARY SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS:
1. Excretion of unwanted
substances i.e. waste products
from cell metabolism, excess
salts and toxins
2. Maintenance of water balance
3. Regulation of acid-base balance
4. Production of hormones i.e.
renin

Kidney
- paired, reddish brown,
retroperitoneal bean-
shaped organ in superior
lumbar region

- extends from vertebral
levels T12 superiorly and
L3 inferiorly
Structures related to the anterior surface of each kidney.
Structures related to the posterior surface of each kidney.
Kidney

Coverings:
1. Renal capsule
2. perirenal fat (perinephric fat)
3. renal fascia (gerotas fascia)
4. Pararenal (paranephric fat)
2 parts:
1. cortex - outer

2. medulla
inner
- contains tubes that
collect urine
- these form a number of
cone shaped structures
called renal pyramids
- in between the pyramids
are the renal columns of
Bertini


- The tips of the
pyramids are
surrounded by cup
like structures
collecting urine
called minor calyces
- 2 or 3 minor calyces
would unite to form
the major calyces
- The major calyces
unite to form the
Renal Pelvis
Nephron
- Structural and functional unit of the kidney
- 1 million nephron each kidney
Consists of the ff:
A. Renal(Malphigian) Corpuscle
1. glomerulus
2. Bowmans capsule
B. Tubules
1. Proximal convoluted tubule
2. Loop of Henle(descending/ascending)
3. Distal convoluted tubule
4. Collecting tubules
Figure 18.4
Ureter
- 10 inches long muscular tube
- 3 anatomical constrictions:

1. at the uretero-pelvic junction

2. where iliac vessels cross the
ureter

3. where it joins the urinary
bladder

Urinary bladder
Hollow muscular
organ
Wall consist of
detrussor muscle
Inner- trigone
occupied by
ureteral orifices
and urethral orifice

Apex and Base
3 surfaces: 1 Superior
and 2 infero-lateral
Surfaces and base
are triangular in
outline, slightly convex
and separated by
blunt borders
The base and infero-
lateral surfaces meet
at the neck and is
continous with the
urethra
Parts of Urinary Bladder
Male Urethra

1. Male 20 cm
- both sperm and
urine passes
a. prostatic
- widest, most dilatable
b. membranous
- traverses urogenital
diaphragm, shortest
and least dilatable
c. penile
- longest, traverses
corpus spongiosum
Female Urethra

- tubes extending from
bladder to the outside
- Female urethra
- About 4 cm long
- Urethral opening is
located in front of
vaginal opening in the
vestibule


THE END
Thank you!
Henedina Eva Casis-Barilea MD;DTM&H; FPSA
Associate Professor 1