Max Roach

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Max Roach

Max Roach, Amsterdam 1979
Background information
Birth name Maxwell Lemuel Roach
Born
J anuary 10, 1924
Newland, North Carolina, United States
Died
August 16, 2007 (aged 83)
Manhattan, New York, United States
Genres J azz, bebop, hard bop
Occupations
Musician, composer, educator, civil rights
activist
Instruments Drums, percussion
Years active 19442002
Labels Capitol, Impulse!
Associated
acts
M'Boom, Coleman Hawkins, Thelonious
Monk, Sonny Rollins, Charlie Parker,
Duke Ellington, Eric Dolphy, Miles Davis,
Charles Mingus, Dizzy Gillespie, Booker
Little, Clifford Brown, Sonny Stitt, Billy
Eckstine, Bud Powell, Stan Getz
Maxwell Lemuel "Max" Roach (J anuary 10, 1924 August 16, 2007) was an American
jazz percussionist, drummer, and composer.
A pioneer of bebop, Roach went on to work in many other styles of music, and is generally
considered alongside the most important drummers in history.
[1][2]
He worked with many
famous jazz musicians, including Coleman Hawkins, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Miles
Davis, Duke Ellington, Thelonious Monk, Charles Mingus, Billy Eckstine, Stan Getz,
Sonny Rollins, Clifford Brown, Eric Dolphy and Booker Little.
Roach also led his own groups, and made numerous musical statements relating to the
African American civil rights movement.
Contents
1 Biography
o 1.1 Early life and career
o 1.2 1950s
o 1.3 1960s-1970s
o 1.4 1980s-1990s
o 1.5 Death
2 Personal life
3 Honors
4 Discography
o 4.1 As leader
o 4.2 As co-leader
o 4.3 As sideman
5 References
6 External links
Biography
Early life and career
Roach was born in the Township of Newland, Pasquotank County, North Carolina, which
borders the southern edge of the Great Dismal Swamp, to Alphonse and Cressie Roach.
Many confuse this with Newland Town in Avery County. Although Roach's birth
certificate lists his date of birth as J anuary 10, 1924,
[3]
Roach has been quoted by Phil
Schaap as having stated that his family believed he was born on J anuary 8, 1925. Roach's
family moved to the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York when he
was 4 years old. He grew up in a musical home, his mother being a gospel singer. He
started to play bugle in parade orchestras at a young age. At the age of 10, he was already
playing drums in some gospel bands. In 1942, as an eighteen-year-old fresh out of Boys
High School, he was called to fill in for Sonny Greer with the Duke Ellington Orchestra
when they were performing at the Paramount Theater.
In 1942, Roach started to go out in the jazz clubs of the 52nd Street and at 78th Street &
Broadway for Georgie J ay's Taproom (playing with schoolmate Cecil Payne).
[4]
His first
professional recording took place in December 1943, supporting Coleman Hawkins.
[5]

Roach's most significant innovations came in the 1940s, when he and jazz drummer Kenny
Clarke devised a new concept of musical time. By playing the beat-by-beat pulse of
standard 4/4 time on the "ride" cymbal instead of on the thudding bass drum, Roach and
Clarke developed a flexible, flowing rhythmic pattern that allowed soloists to play freely.
The new approach also left space for the drummer to insert dramatic accents on the snare
drum, "crash" cymbal and other components of the trap set.
By matching his rhythmic attack with a tune's melody, Roach brought a newfound subtlety
of expression to his instrument. He often shifted the dynamic emphasis from one part of his
drum kit to another within a single phrase, creating a sense of tonal color and rhythmic
surprise.
[1]
The idea was to shatter musical conventions and take full advantage of the
drummer's unique position. "In no other society", Roach once observed, "do they have one
person play with all four limbs."
[6]

While that approach is common today, when Clarke and Roach introduced the new style in
the 1940s it was a revolutionary musical advance. "When Max Roach's first records with
Charlie Parker were released by Savoy in 1945", jazz historian Burt Korall wrote in the
Oxford Companion to Jazz, "drummers experienced awe and puzzlement and even fear."
One of those awed drummers, Stan Levey, summed up Roach's importance: "I came to
realize that, because of him, drumming no longer was just time, it was music."
[1]

He was one of the first drummers (along with Clarke) to play in the bebop style, and
performed in bands led by Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk, Coleman
Hawkins, Bud Powell, and Miles Davis. Roach played on many of Parker's most important
records, including the Savoy November 1945 session, a turning point in recorded jazz.


Max Roach, Three Deuces, NYC, ca. October 1947. Photography by William P. Gottlieb.
1950s
Roach studied classical percussion at the Manhattan School of Music from 1950 to 1953,
working toward a Bachelor of Music degree (the School awarded him an Honorary
Doctorate in 1990).
In 1952, Roach co-founded Debut Records with bassist Charles Mingus. This label released
a record of a May 15, 1953 concert, billed as 'the greatest concert ever', which came to be
known as Jazz at Massey Hall, featuring Parker, Gillespie, Powell, Mingus and Roach.
Also released on this label was the groundbreaking bass-and-drum free improvisation,
Percussion Discussion.
[7]

In 1954, Roach and trumpeter Clifford Brown formed a quintet that also featured tenor
saxophonist Harold Land, pianist Richie Powell (brother of Bud Powell), and bassist
George Morrow, though Land left the following year and Sonny Rollins soon replaced him.
The group was a prime example of the hard bop style also played by Art Blakey and
Horace Silver. This group was to be short-lived; Brown and Powell were killed in a car
accident on the Pennsylvania Turnpike in J une 1956. The first album Roach recorded after
their deaths was Max Roach + 4. After Brown and Powell's deaths, Roach continued
leading a similarly configured group, with Kenny Dorham (and later the short-lived Booker
Little) on trumpet, George Coleman on tenor and pianist Ray Bryant. Roach expanded the
standard form of hard-bop using 3/4 waltz rhythms and modality in 1957 with his album
Jazz in 3/4 time. During this period, Roach recorded a series of other albums for the
EmArcy label featuring the brothers Stanley and Tommy Turrentine.
[8]

In 1955, he was the drummer for vocalist Dinah Washington at several live appearances
and recordings. Appearing at the Newport J azz Festival with her in 1958 which was filmed
and the 1954 live studio audience recording of Dinah Jams, considered to be one of the best
and most overlooked vocal jazz albums of its genre.
[9]

1960s-1970s
In 1960 he composed and recorded the album We Insist!, subtitled Max Roach's Freedom
Now Suite, with vocals by his then-wife Abbey Lincoln and lyrics by Oscar Brown J r., after
being invited to contribute to commemorations of the hundredth anniversary of Abraham
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. In 1962, he recorded the album Money Jungle, a
collaboration with Mingus and Duke Ellington. This is generally regarded as one of the
very finest trio albums ever made.
[10]

In 1966, with his album Drums Unlimited (which includes several tracks that are entirely
drum solos) he demonstrated that drums can be a solo instrument able to play theme,
variations, rhythmically cohesive phrases. He described his approach to music as "the
creation of organized sound."
[11]

During the 1970s, Roach formed a musical organization"M'Boom"a percussion
orchestra. Each member of this unit composed for it and performed on many percussion
instruments. Personnel included Fred King, J oe Chambers, Warren Smith, Freddie Waits,
Roy Brooks, Omar Clay, Ray Mantilla, Francisco Mora, and Eli Fountain.
[11]

1980s-1990s


Keystone Korner, San Francisco, 1979
In the early 1980s, Roach began presenting entire concerts solo, proving that this multi-
percussion instrument could fulfill the demands of solo performance and be entirely
satisfying to an audience. He created memorable compositions in these solo concerts; a solo
record was released by Baystate, a Japanese label. One of these solo concerts is available
on video, which also includes a filming of a recording date for "Chattahoochee Red",
featuring his working quartet, Odean Pope, Cecil Bridgewater and Calvin Hill.
Roach embarked on a series of duet recordings. Departing from the style of presentation he
was best known for, most of the music on these recordings is free improvisation, created
with the avant-garde musicians Cecil Taylor, Anthony Braxton, Archie Shepp, and
Abdullah Ibrahim. Roach created duets with other performers: a recorded duet with the
oration by Martin Luther King, "I Have a Dream"; a duet with video artist Kit Fitzgerald,
who improvised video imagery while Roach spontaneously created the music; a duet with
his lifelong friend and associate Gillespie; a duet concert recording with Mal Waldron.
Roach wrote music for theater, such as plays written by Sam Shepard, presented at La
Mama E.T.C. in New York City.
Roach found new contexts for presentation, creating unique musical ensembles. One of
these groups was "The Double Quartet". It featured his regular performing quartet, with
personnel as above, except Tyrone Brown replaced Hill; this quartet joined "The Uptown
String Quartet", led by his daughter Maxine Roach, featuring Diane Monroe, Lesa Terry
and Eileen Folson.
Another ensemble was the "So What Brass Quintet", a group comprising five brass
instrumentalists and Roach, no chordal instrument, no bass player. Much of the
performance consisted of drums and horn duets. The ensemble consisted of two trumpets,
trombone, French horn and tuba. Musicians included Cecil Bridgewater, Frank Gordon,
Eddie Henderson, Rod McGaha, Steve Turre, Delfeayo Marsalis, Robert Stewart, Tony
Underwood, Marshall Sealy, Mark Taylor and Dennis J eter.
Roach presented his music with orchestras and gospel choruses. He performed a concerto
with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. He wrote for and performed with the Walter White
gospel choir and the J ohn Motley Singers. Roach performed with dancers: the Alvin Ailey
American Dance Theater, the Dianne McIntyre Dance Company, the Bill T. J ones/Arnie
Zane Dance Company.
Roach surprised his fans by performing in a hip hop concert, featuring the artist-rapper Fab
Five Freddy and the New York Break Dancers. He expressed the insight that there was a
strong kinship between the outpouring of expression of these young black artists and the art
he had pursued all his life.
[12]

Not content to expand on the musical territory he had already become known for, Roach
spent the decades of the 1980s and 1990s continually finding new forms of musical
expression and presentation. Though he ventured into new territory during a lifetime of
innovation, he kept his contact with his musical point of origin. He performed with the
Beijing Trio, with pianist J on J ang and erhu player J eibing Chen. His last recording,
Friendship, was with trumpeter Clark Terry, the two long-standing friends in duet and
quartet. Roach's last performance was at the 50th anniversary celebration of the original
Massey Hall concert, in Toronto, where he performed solo on the hi-hat.
[13]

In 1994, Roach also appeared on Rush drummer Neil Peart's Burning For Buddy
performing "The Drum Also Waltzes", Part 1 and 2 on Volume 1 of the Volume 2 series
during the 1994 All-Star recording sessions.
[14]

Death


The grave of Max Roach
Max Roach died in the early morning of August 16, 2007, in Manhattan.
[15]
He was
survived by five children: sons Daryl and Raoul, and daughters Maxine, Ayo and Dara.
Over 1,900 people attended his funeral at Riverside Church in Manhattan, New York City,
on August 24, 2007. Max Roach was interred at the Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx, New
York.
In a funeral tribute to Roach, then-Lieutenant Governor of New York David Paterson
compared the musician's courage to that of Paul Robeson, Harriet Tubman and Malcolm X,
saying that "No one ever wrote a bad thing about Max Roach's music or his aura until 1960,
when he and Charlie Mingus protested the practices of the Newport J azz Festival."
[16]

Personal life
Two children, son Daryl Keith and daughter Maxine, were born from Roach's first marriage
with Mildred Roach. In 1958 he met singer Barbara J ai (J ohnson) and fathered another son,
Raoul J ordu. He continued to play as a freelance while studying composition at the
Manhattan School of Music. He graduated in 1952. During the period 19621970, Roach
was married to the singer Abbey Lincoln, who had performed on several of Roach's
albums. Twin daughters, Ayodele Nieyela and Dara Rashida, were later born to Roach and
his third wife, J anus Adams Roach. He had four grandchildren: Kyle Maxwell Roach,
Kadar Elijah Roach, Maxe Samiko Hinds, and Skye Sophia Sheffield. Long involved in
jazz education, in 1972 he was recruited to the faculty of the University of Massachusetts
Amherst by Chancellor Randolph Bromery.
[17]
In the early 2000s, Roach became less active
from the onset of hydrocephalus-related complications.
From the 1970s through the mid-1990s Roach taught at the University of Massachusetts
Amherst.
[18]

Honors
Roach was given a MacArthur Foundation "genius" grant in 1988, cited as a Commander of
the Order of Arts and Letters in France (1989),
[19]
twice awarded the French Grand Prix du
Disque, elected to the International Percussive Art Society's Hall of Fame and the
Downbeat Magazine Hall of Fame, awarded Harvard J azz Master, celebrated by Aaron
Davis Hall, given eight honorary doctorate degrees, including degrees awarded by Medgar
Evers College, CUNY, the University of Bologna, Italy and Columbia University.
[20]
While
spending the later years of his life at the Mill Basin Sunrise assisted living home, in
Brooklyn, Max was honored with a proclamation honoring his musical achievements by
Brooklyn borough president Marty Markowitz.
[21]

In 1986 the London borough of Lambeth named a park in Brixton after him.
[22][23]
Roach
was able to officially open it when he visited the UK that year invited by the Greater
London Council,
[24]
when he performed at a concert in March at the Royal Albert Hall
together with Ghanaian master drummer Ghanaba and others.
[25][26]

Roach was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2009.
[27]

Discography
As leader
1953 : The Max Roach Quartet
featuring Hank Mobley (Debut)
1956 : Max Roach + 4 (EmArcy)
1957 : Jazz in Time (EmArcy)
1957 : The Max Roach 4 Plays
Charlie Parker (EmArcy)
1958 : MAX (Argo)
1958 : Max Roach + 4 on the Chicago
Scene (Mercury)
1958 : Max Roach/Art Blakey (with
Art Blakey)
1958 : Max Roach + 4 at Newport
(EmArcy)
1958 : Max Roach with the Boston
Percussion Ensemble (EmArcy)
1958 : Deeds, Not Words (Riverside)
- also released as Conversation
1958 : Award-Winning Drummer
(Time) - also released as Max Roach
1958 : Max Roach/Bud Shank -
Sessions with Bud Shank
1958 : The Defiant Ones - with
Booker Little
1959 : The Many Sides of Max
(Mercury)
As sideman
With Chet Baker
Witch Doctor (Contemporary, 1953
[1985])
With Don Byas
Savoy Jam Party (1946)
With Sonny Clark
Sonny Clark Trio (Blue Note, 1957)
With Jimmy Cleveland
Introducing Jimmy Cleveland and His
All Stars (EmArcy, 1955)
With Al Cohn
Cohn's Tones (1953)
With Miles Davis
Birth of the Cool (Capitol, 1949)
1959 : Rich Versus Roach (Mercury) -
with Buddy Rich
1959 : Quiet as It's Kept (Mercury)
1959 : Moon Faced and Starry Eyed
(Mercury) - with Abbey Lincoln
1959 : Max Roach (Time) with
Booker Little
1960 : Long as You're Living (Enja) -
released 1984
1960 : Parisian Sketches (Mercury)
1960 : We Insist! (Candid)
1961 : Percussion Bitter Sweet
(Impulse!) - with Mal Waldron
1962 : It's Time (Impulse!) - with Mal
Waldron
1962 : Speak, Brother, Speak!
(Fantasy)
1964 : The Max Roach Trio featuring
the Legendary Hasaan (Atlantic) -
with Hasaan Ibn Ali
1966 : Drums Unlimited (Atlantic)
1968 : Members, Don't Git Weary
(Atlantic)
1971 : Lift Every Voice and Sing
(Atlantic) - with the J .C. White
Singers
1976 : Force: Sweet Mao-Suid Afrika
'76 (duo with Archie Shepp)
1976 : Nommo (Victor)
1977 : Max Roach Quartet Live in
Tokyo (Denon)
1977 : The Loadstar (Horo)
1977 : Max Roach Quartet Live In
Amsterdam - It's Time (Baystate)
1977 : Solos (Baystate)
1977 : Streams of Consciousness
(Baystate) - duo with Dollar Brand
1978 : Confirmation (Fluid Records)
1978 : Birth and Rebirth - duo with
Anthony Braxton (Black Saint)
1979 : The Long March - duo with
Archie Shepp (Hathut)
1979 : Historic Concerts - duo with
Cecil Taylor (Black Saint)
1979 : One in Two - Two in One - duo
with Anthony Braxton (Hathut)
1979 : Pictures in a Frame (Soul
Conception (Prestige, 1951)
With John Dennis
New Piano Expressions (1955)
With Kenny Dorham
Jazz Contrasts (Riverside, 1957)
With Billy Eckstine
The Metronome All Stars (1953)
With Duke Ellington
Paris Blues (United Artists, 1961)
Money Jungle (United Artists, 1962) -
with Charles Mingus
With Maynard Ferguson
Jam Session featuring Maynard
Ferguson (EmArcy, 1954)
With Dizzy Gillespie
Diz and Getz (Verve, 1953) - with
Stan Getz
The Bop Session (Sonet, 1975) - with
Sonny Stitt, J ohn Lewis, Hank J ones
and Percy Heath
With Stan Getz
Opus BeBop (1946)
With Benny Golson
The Modern Touch (Riverside, 1957)
With Johnny Griffin
Introducing Johnny Griffin (Blue
Note, 1956)
Note)
1980 : Chattahoochee Red
(Columbia)
1982 : Swish - duo with Connie
Crothers (New Artists)
1982 : In the Light (Soul Note)
1983 : Live at Vielharmonie (Soul
Note)
1984 : Scott Free (Soul Note)
1984 : It's Christmas Again (Soul
Note)
1984 : Survivors (Soul Note)
1985 : Easy Winners (Soul Note)
1986 : Bright Moments (Soul Note)
1989 : Max + Dizzy: Paris 1989 - duo
with Dizzy Gillespie (A&M)
1989 : Homage to Charlie Parker
(A&M)
1991 : To the Max! (Enja)
1995 : Max Roach With The New
Orchestra Of Boston And The So
What Brass Quintet (Blue Note)
1999 : Beijing Trio (Asian Improv)
2002 : Friendship - (with Clark Terry)
(Columbia)
As co-leader[edit]
With Clifford Brown
1954: Best Coast Jazz (Emarcy)
1954: Clifford Brown All Stars
(Emarcy, [released 1956])
1954: Jam Session (EmArcy, 1954) -
with Maynard Ferguson and Clark
Terry
1954 : Brown and Roach
Incorporated (EmArcy)
1954 : Daahoud (Mainstream) -
released 1973
1955 : Clifford Brown with Strings
(EmArcy)
1954-55 : Clifford Brown and Max
Roach (EmArcy)
1955 : Study in Brown (EmArcy)
1954 : More Study in Brown
With Slide Hampton
Drum Suite (1962)
With Coleman Hawkins
Rainbow Mist (1944)
Coleman Hawkins and His All Stars
(1944)
Body and Soul (1946)
With Joe Holiday
Mambo Jazz (1953)
With J.J. Johnson
Mad Be Bop (1946)
First Place (1957)
With Thad Jones
The Magnificent Thad Jones (Blue
Note, 1956)
With Abbey Lincoln
That's Him! (Riverside, 1957)
Straight Ahead (Riverside, 1961)
With Booker Little
Out Front (Candid, 1961)
With Howard McGhee
The McGhee-Navarro Sextet (1950)
With Gil Melle
New Faces, New Sounds (Blue Note,
1952)
With Charles Mingus
The Charles Mingus Quintet & Max
1956 : Clifford Brown and Max
Roach at Basin Street (EmArcy)
1979 : Live at the Bee Hive
(Columbia Records)
With M'Boom
1973 : Re: Percussion (Strata-East
Records)
1979 : M'Boom (Columbia)
1984 : Collage (Soul Note)
1992 : Live at S.O.B.'s New York
(Blue Moon Records)
Roach (Debut, 1955)
With Thelonious Monk
The Complete Genius (Blue Note,
1952)
Brilliant Corners (Riverside, 1956)
With Herbie Nichols
Herbie Nichols Trio (Blue Note,
1955)
With Charlie Parker
Town Hall, New York, June 22, 1945
(1945) - with Dizzy Gillespie
The Complete Savoy Studio
Recordings (194548)
Lullaby in Rhythm (1947)
Charlie Parker on Dial (Dial, 1947)
The Band that Never Was (1948)
Bird on 52nd Street (1948)
Bird at the Roost (1948)
Charlie Parker Complete Sessions
on Verve (Verve, 194953)
Charlie Parker in France (1949)
Live at Rockland Palace (1952)
Yardbird: DC-53 (1953)
With Bud Powell
The Bud Powell Trip (1947)
The Amazing Bud Powell (Blue Note,
1951)
With Sonny Rollins
Work Time (Prestige, 1955)
Sonny Rollins Plus 4 (Prestige, 1956)
Tour de Force (Prestige, 1956)
Rollins Plays for Bird (Prestige, 1956)
Saxophone Colossus (Prestige, 1956)
Freedom Suite (Riverside, 1958)
Stuttgart 1963 Concert (1963)
With Hazel Scott
Relaxed Piano Moods (1955)
With Sonny Stitt
Sonny Stitt/Bud Powell/J. J. Johnson
(Prestige, 1956)
With Stanley Turrentine
Stan 'The Man' Turrentine (1960)
With Tommy Turrentine
Tommy Turrentine (1960)
With George Wallington
The George Wallington Trip and
Septet (1951)
With Dinah Washington
Dinah Jams (EmArcy, 1954)
With Randy Weston
Uhuru Afrika (Roulette, 1960)
With Joe Wilder
The Music of George Gershwin: I
Sing of Thee (1956)
References
1. ^
a

b

c
Schudel, Matt (August 16, 2007). "Jazz Musician Max Roach Dies at 83". The Washington
Post. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
2. ^ "Legendary Jazz Drummer Max Roach Dies at 83". Billboard.com. 1924-01-10. Retrieved 2011-
03-21.
3. ^ MADISON magazine: Max Roach and James Woods
[dead link]

4. ^ Roach's account of Georgie Jay's Taproom, excerpted from Swing to Bop: An Oral History of the
Transition in Jazz in the 1940s, page 77. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
5. ^ "Max Roach Discography".
6. ^ The Week August 31, 2007 page 32.
7. ^ "www.historyexplorer.net "History Explorer >Jazz History Timeline >1952 - 1961"".
Historyexplorer.net. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
[dead link]

8. ^ "www.jazzitude.com"History of Jazz Part 6: Hard Bop"". Jazzitude.com. 2007-04-11. Retrieved
2011-03-21.
9. ^ "Hipjazz.com"Joy Spring"". Hipjazz.com. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
10. ^ http://www.inkblotmagazine.com/rev-archive/ellington2.htm
[dead link]

11. ^
a

b
"Max Roach Biography". www.allaboutjazz.com. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
12. ^ "www.billboard.com"Legendary Jazz Drummer Max Roach Dies At 83"". Billboard.com. 1924-
01-10. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
13. ^ "Friendship". Allaboutjazz.com. 2003-07-25. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
14. ^ "www.beachwoodreporter.com"The Friday Papers"". Beachwoodreporter.com. 2007-08-27.
Retrieved 2011-03-21.
[dead link]

15. ^ Keepnews, Peter (August 16, 2007). "Max Roach, Master of Modern Jazz, Dies at 83". New York
Times. Retrieved 2007-08-17. "Max Roach, a founder of modern jazz who rewrote the rules of
drumming in the 1940s and spent the rest of his career breaking musical barriers and defying
listeners' expectations, died early yesterday in Manhattan. He was 83."
16. ^ Paterson, David (2008-03-13). "David Paterson Invokes Paul Robeson, Harriet Tubman, Malcolm
X in Remembrance of Jazz Legend Max Roach (Eulogy transcript)". Democracy Now. Retrieved
2008-03-18.
17. ^ University of Massachusetts, "Randolph W. Bromery, Champion of Diversity, Du Bois and Jazz as
UMass Amherst Chancellor, Dead at 87", Feb. 27, 2013.
18. ^ Palpini, Kristin (17 August 2007). Jazz great, UMass prof Max Roach dies. United States:
Amherst Bulletin.
19. ^ Video: medals ceremony FromIna (French).
20. ^ "University to Award 8 Honorary Degrees at Graduation on May 16". Columbia University
Record. April 9, 2001. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
21. ^ "Brooklyn Borough President". Brooklyn-usa.org. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
22. ^ "Max Roach Park". Allaboutjazz.com. 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
23. ^ "London Borough of Lambeth | Max Roach Park". Lambeth.gov.uk. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
24. ^ Val Wilmer, Letter toThe Guardian, 8 September 2007: "It was on the initiative of then Labour
councillor Sharon Atkin that Lambeth council named 27 sites in the borough in 1986 to acknowledge
contributions by people of African descent.... The opening of the Brixton park coincided with
Roach's GLC-sponsored visit to London, happily enabling him to attend the opening in the company
of Atkin and his old friend, the drummer Ken Gordon, uncle of Moira Stuart."
25. ^ "Akyaaba Addai-Sebo Interview", Every Generation Media.
26. ^ Jon Lusk, "Kofi Ghanaba: Drummer who pioneered Afro-jazz", The Independent, 9 March 2009.
27. ^ "2009 Inductees". North Carolina Music Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
External links
Max Roach 1924-2007: Thousands Pay Tribute to the Legendary J azz Drummer,
Educator, Activist
Max Roach at the Hard Bop Homepage
Discography at Discogs
Discography and Sessionography
New York Times obituary
New York Sun Obituary
Slate Magazine Article
Max Roach Multimedia Directory