Guide Questions

Part 1
1.) In part 1, should the work done be increasing every trial? Explain.
Yes, the work done should be increasing every trial because the work is directly
proportional to the mass multiplied to the displacement. Since we have increased
the displacement (S) of the two photogates every trial, the time (t) it takes for it to
move through the dynamics track would also increase. Computing for the work
done is the Force (F) multiplied to the displacement (S), therefore we will have
increasing values for the work done.

2.) In part 1, should the power expended be increasing every trial? Explain.
No, based on the data that we have gathered, the power expended by the fan cart
which we have computed using the equation power is equal to the work over time,
we have got a values which are near to each other, thus we can somehow say that
the power expended by the fan cart is constant.

Part 2
1.) In Figure 6, why is it incorrect to calculate the work done by multiplying the spring
balance reading F and the horizontal displacement x?
Calculating the work done by multiplying the spring balance reading F and the
horizontal displacement x is because if we multiply this with the horizontal
displacement, we will have error in the result because work which is equal to the
force multiplied to the displacement where the Force and the displacement should
be going in the same direction. Instead we have used the equation for the
gravitational potential energy where ( ) where W is the work, w
is the weight in Newtons, L is the length of the string in meters, and is the
angle of the string with the vertical in degrees.

Analysis
1.) In Table 1, is the work done by the fan cart constant? Why or why not?
The work done by the fan cart was not constant but instead it is increasing since
the displacement S or the position of the two photogates increases. If the distance
increases, there is more work needed for the fan cart to move through the two
photogates. Therefore there is more work that is being applied by the fan cart
since the formula for work is force multiplied to the displacement, moreover the
displacement and the force is directly proportional to the work done.

2.) In Table 1, is the power expended by the fan cart constant? Why or why not?
Power is the time rate of doing work. The general formula of power is work over
time. In Table 1, we got increasing work and also increasing time since the
distance of the photogates increases. In computing using the equation, we got
small difference between each trial so we can say that the power expended by the
fan cart is constant. In addition, the battery is the only one that gives energy to the
fan cart for it to move so we can conclude that the power expended is constant.

3.) In Table 2, how does the work done compare with the increase in gravitational potential
energy? Does your result agree with the theory? Why or why not?
By definition, gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object as
the result of its vertical position or height. The energy is stored as the result of the
gravitational attraction of the Earth for the object. The general equation for
gravitational potential energy is mgh where m=mass, g=gravity, and h=height.
Based on the data that we have gathered, we got an increasing height and an
increasing displacement. Therefore, in work if the displacement increases, the
work should also increase because they were directly proportional. In
gravitational potential energy, if the height increases, the tendency of the result
would increase because they were also directly proportional. Comparing these
two, they both increase as long as the height or the displacement of the object
increases. We can conclude that this satisfies the theory for work and gravitational
potential energy.
Conclusion
1.) What is the correct relationship between the applied force and the work done?
According to the theory, work in general is defined as the product of the applied
force and the displacement. If we increase the force applied on a certain body or
object, the tendency for it is to move a greater displacement. Based on this general
equation, we can conclude that the applied force is directly proportional to the
work done.

2.) What is the correct relationship between the displacement and the work done?
The work done is equal to product of the force and the displacement. If we apply
a certain force on a body it will have a certain displacement. But if we increase
the force, the tendency of its displacement would also increase. Based on the
general equation for work, we can conclude that the displacement is directly
proportional to the work done.

3.) What is the correct relationship between the work done and the power expended?
Work done is defined as the product of force and the distance covered while
Power is the measure or the rate of work done in a given time. Since the general
equation for power is work over time. We can conclude that work is directly
proportional to the power expended.







Interpretation of Result
The theory of work suggests that work is defined as the product of displacement and the
component of force along the displacement and if the force F and the displacement S have the
same direction, the angle theta () would be zero and therefore the work done by the force
would be maximum. In this case we can get the equation for work which will be W=FS where F
is the magnitude of the force acting on the body and S is the displacement of the body. Based on
the data that we have gathered on the first part of the experiment, we got an increasing value of
the work done and a somehow constant value for the power expended by the fan cart. The data
that we got for the value of the work done satisfies with the theory that the work is the product of
the force and the displacement. We have an increasing value for the displacement; in this case
the theory suggests that the work done is directly proportional to the force applied and the
displacement. Therefore if the displacement would increase, there should also be an increase in
the work done by the fan cart. If the component of the force is opposite the direction of the
displacement, the work shall be negative but since we have the same magnitudes for the force
and the direction of the displacement, the data that we have gathered was positive.

The data that we have gathered for the power expended by the cart have a small
difference between each other and thus we can say that it can be constant. Power is defined to be
the time rate of doing work. Since we have increasing values of work and the time of the cart for
it to move through the photogates but only have a small difference with their values, we can also
get small difference for the value of the power expended. Furthermore the only thing that gives
energy for the cart to move is its battery.

In the second part of the experiment, we have identified the work by a force on a curved
path. When a force F is changing in magnitude and direction while being applied on a body
moving on a curved path from a certain point, its instantaneous displacement also has changing
magnitude and direction. This definition satisfies the values of displacement we got as the body
changes its direction. As the force applied increases, we got increasing values of the
displacement, an increase in height due to the change in position of the body and also there is a
change in the angle () for each trial. In computing for the work done, we gathered also an
increasing value which satisfies the theory because the theory suggests that if there is an increase
in displacement or the force, there should also be an increase in the work done. The work is
directly proportional to the applied force and the displacement of the body.

The gravitational potential energy is the energy due to position of the body or the height
involved. The general equation for this is mgh where m is the mass, g is the gravity and h is the
height. In solving the gravitational potential energy, we got an increasing value for this. The
potential energy is directly proportional to the mass, gravity and the height. If the mass or the
height of the body increases, therefore the gravitational potential energy should also increase.
Since we got an increasing value of the gravitational potential energy, therefore our experiment
or the data that we get satisfies the equation mgh.