Out Put:

Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
7700.34
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 15.69 Nos. Say 16.00 Nos. Matching
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
981.74
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 2.00 Nos. Say 2.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 200.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
116.01
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 21.933 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 48.986 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0006332

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0001848

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0004484
0.0652253
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
124.704
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0006499

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0003655

mt
=
1t
-
2t
0.0002844
0.0415899
0.1068152 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 228
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
351.31 KN LC 219
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
58.92 KNm LC 219
Moment M'
uz
3598.39 KN LC 228
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
23.81 KNm LC 228
Axial Force, F
x
1440.39 KN T LC 228
Bending in another direction M
uy
27.56 KNm LC 228
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
200.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
2400.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
450.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 450.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 4.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 13 (6.5m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
2111.64 KNm
Design Moment M
u
2181.67 KNm
Design shear force V
u
560.80 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
450.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
450.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1654.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
621.687 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
1178.313 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.121
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? YES
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 6785.89 KNm
4604.216 KNm
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? YES
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
3710.89
mm
2

For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3989.45
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
7700.34
mm
2

Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.03751
Neutral Axis, X
u
62.034 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00027
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00040 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2

P
u
NA KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2

Required A
st
7700.339
mm
2

2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web NA
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
792.44 mm NA
y
f,max
248.87 mm NA
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1704.04 KN NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1514.70 KN NA
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3218.74 KN NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
4348.50 KN NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN NA
Total Compressive force, C 7567.24 KN NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1060992.17 KNmm NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
428683.70 KNmm NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1489675.87 KNmm NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 462.814 mm NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 329.630 mm NA
For average web only X/d 0.19929 NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 197.673 mm NA
11020.28 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4262.80 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 11020.37 KNm NA
-8838.70 KNm SRS
1456.478 mm NA
1456.327 mm NA
20956.625
mm
2
NA
20958.972
mm
2
NA
-0.001929
11.66904
-8549.985
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 853.018 mm
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
257.953 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 1643.994
18566.429
mm
2

NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
496.20 mm SRS-NA
y
f,max
204.43 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
NA KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3989.45
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3989.45
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
3989.447
mm
2
SRS-NA
-0.001929 SRS-NA
11.66904 SRS-NA
2309.679 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a -191.847 mm SRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
101.223 mm SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1532.220 SRS-NA
3943.667
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.2500 SRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 0.0000 SRS-NA
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
y
f
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0000000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3989.45
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3989.45
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.000 SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00014 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
0.00
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.000
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 SRS-NA SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
3989.447
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000000000 SRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 0.00000000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 0.000 SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 0.000 SRS-NA
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section GO TO 1
Number of Layer of Comression bar
1.00 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 32 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d''
64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 1654.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
792.44 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00322 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
355.993 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2)11.150 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Area of compressive stress A
sc
-16120.178
mm
2
SRS-NA
-15396.566
mm
2
SRS-NA
For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
5562.407
mm
2
SRS-NA
for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
19386.01
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
24948.42
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
792.444 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00362 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
11749.484
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00011915 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Double reinforced A
st
24948.420
mm
2
SRS-NA
Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 560.80
KN
Shear stress 0.753
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 1.055 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.132 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 4.907 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.592
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.060
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.060 = 1.060
> 0.753 Not OK
Shear Reinforcement is required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
-263.411 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
200.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
99.7092
mm
2
7.9672 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 200.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
8064.86
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 16.43 Nos. Say 16.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
981.74
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 2.00 Nos. Say 2.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 200.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
118.68
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 21.933 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 48.986 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0006480

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0001760

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0004719
0.0686417
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
122.032
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0006360

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0003489

mt
=
1t
-
2t
0.0002870
0.0419697
0.1106114 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 232
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
361.30 KN LC 231
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
24.55 KNm LC 231
Moment M'
uz
3834.74 KN LC 232
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
8.15 KNm LC 232
Axial Force, F
x
1476.26 KN T LC 232
Bending in another direction M
uy
29.41 KNm LC 232
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
200.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
2400.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
450.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 450.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 4.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 25 (12.5m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
2310.96 KNm
Design Moment M
u
2334.93 KNm
Design shear force V
u
448.59 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
450.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
450.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1654.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
621.687 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
1178.313 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.121
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? YES
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 6785.89 KNm
4450.950 KNm
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? YES
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
3976.07
mm
2

For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
4088.80
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
8064.86
mm
2

Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.04019
Neutral Axis, X
u
66.467 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00029
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00042 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2

P
u
NA KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2

Required A
st
8064.863
mm
2

2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web NA
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
792.44 mm NA
y
f,max
248.87 mm NA
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1704.04 KN NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1514.70 KN NA
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3218.74 KN NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
4348.50 KN NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN NA
Total Compressive force, C 7567.24 KN NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1060992.17 KNmm NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
428683.70 KNmm NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1489675.87 KNmm NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 462.814 mm NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 329.630 mm NA
For average web only X/d 0.19929 NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 197.673 mm NA
11020.28 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4262.80 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 11020.37 KNm NA
-8685.43 KNm SRS
1456.478 mm NA
1456.327 mm NA
20956.625
mm
2
NA
20958.972
mm
2
NA
-0.001929
11.66904
-8549.985
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 853.018 mm
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
257.953 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 1643.994
18566.429
mm
2

NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
496.20 mm SRS-NA
y
f,max
204.43 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
NA KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
4088.80
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
4088.80
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
4088.797
mm
2
SRS-NA
-0.001929 SRS-NA
11.66904 SRS-NA
2156.413 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a -179.472 mm SRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
103.079 mm SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1541.886 SRS-NA
4194.258
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.2650 SRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 0.0000 SRS-NA
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
y
f
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0000000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
4088.80
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
4088.80
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.000 SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00014 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
0.00
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.000
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 SRS-NA SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
4088.797
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000000000 SRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 0.00000000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 0.000 SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 0.000 SRS-NA
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section GO TO 1
Number of Layer of Comression bar
1.00 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 32 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d''
64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 1654.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
792.44 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00322 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
355.993 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2) 11.150 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Area of compressive stress A
sc
-15840.649
mm
2
SRS-NA
-15129.584
mm
2
SRS-NA
For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
5829.388
mm
2
SRS-NA
for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
19218.38
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
25047.77
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
792.444 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00362 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
11749.484
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00011915 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Double reinforced A
st
25047.769
mm
2
SRS-NA
Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 448.59
KN
Shear stress 0.603
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 1.055 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.132 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 4.907 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.592
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.060
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.060 = 1.060
> 0.603 OK
Shear Reinforcement is NOT required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
-176.507 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
200.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
99.7092
mm
2
7.9672 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 200.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
2603.14
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 5.30 Nos. Say 5.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
1963.48
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 4.00 Nos. Say 4.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 200.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
176.22
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 82.250 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 60.654 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0009278

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0005364

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0003914
0.0695856
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
64.491
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0003306

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0010635

mt
=
1t
-
2t
-0.0007329
-0.1318418
-0.0622561 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 556
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
873.28 KN LC 515
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
58.18 KNm LC 515
Moment M'
uz
1382.96 KN LC 556
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
20.22 KNm LC 556
Axial Force, F
x
251.82 KN T LC 556
Bending in another direction M
uy
10.73 KNm LC 556
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
200.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
2400.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
450.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 450.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 2.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 38 (19m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
1108.70 KNm
Design Moment M
u
1168.17 KNm
Design shear force V
u
1080.14 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
450.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
450.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1711.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
621.687 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
1178.313 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.117
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? YES
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 7032.13 KNm
5863.950 KNm
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? YES
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
1905.68
mm
2

For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
697.47
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
2603.14
mm
2

Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.01862
Neutral Axis, X
u
31.855 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00014
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00026 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2

P
u
NA KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2

Required A
st
2603.142
mm
2

2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web NA
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
819.75 mm NA
y
f,max
252.96 mm NA
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1762.76 KN NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1566.90 KN NA
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3329.66 KN NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
4348.50 KN NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN NA
Total Compressive force, C 7678.16 KN NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1135379.86 KNmm NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
458739.34 KNmm NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1594119.20 KNmm NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 478.763 mm NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 340.990 mm NA
For average web only X/d 0.19929 NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 204.506 mm NA
11567.01 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4561.67 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 11567.10 KNm NA
-10398.93 KNm SRS
1506.654 mm NA
1506.494 mm NA
21263.770
mm
2
NA
21266.198
mm
2
NA
-0.001929
12.08578
-8935.608
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 856.446 mm
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
258.467 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 1700.989
18834.573
mm
2

NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
513.30 mm SRS-NA
y
f,max
207.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
NA KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
697.47
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
697.47
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
697.466
mm
2
SRS-NA
-0.001929 SRS-NA
12.08578 SRS-NA
3484.285 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a -276.124 mm SRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
88.581 mm SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1446.340 SRS-NA
2237.022
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.2650 SRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 0.0000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
y
f
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0000000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
697.47
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
697.47
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.000 SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00014 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
0.00
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.000
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 SRS-NA SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
697.466
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000000000 SRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 0.00000000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 0.000 SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 0.000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section GO TO 1
Number of Layer of Comression bar
1.00 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 32 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d''
64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 1711.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
819.75 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00323 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
356.075 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2) 11.150 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Area of compressive stress A
sc
-18305.041
mm
2
SRS-NA
-17487.496
mm
2
SRS-NA
For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
3778.702
mm
2
SRS-NA
for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
18184.96
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
21963.66
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
819.753 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00362 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
11749.484
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00011915 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Double reinforced A
st
21963.663
mm
2
SRS-NA
Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 1080.14
KN
Shear stress 1.403
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 0.319 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.255 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 4.294 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.676
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.024
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.024 = 1.024
> 1.403 NOT OK
Shear Reinforcement is required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
213.016 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
200.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
99.7092
mm
2
7.9672 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 200.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
12063.72
mm
2
Provide 32 bar 15.00 Nos. Say 15.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
8728.57
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 17.78 Nos. Say 18.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 10 bar Spacing 199.07 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
698.31
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 10.035 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 48.196 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0040228

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0000354

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0039874
0.5661088
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
0.000
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0000000

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0001147

mt
=
1t
-
2t
-0.0001147
-0.0165052
0.5496036 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 530
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
1152.88 KN LC 567
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
0.00 KNm LC 567
Moment M'
uz
15000.00 KN LC 530
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
0.00 KNm LC 530
Axial Force, F
x
0.00 KN C LC 530
Bending in another direction M
uy
0 KNm LC 530
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
225.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1600.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
2500.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
600.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 250.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 3.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 46 (23m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
15000.00 KNm
Design Moment M
u
15000.00 KNm
Design shear force V
u
1152.88 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
268.48 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
425.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1482.50 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
49.219 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
450.396 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
1149.604 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.152
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? GO TO 2 (C)
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 7031.34 KNm DRS-NA
-7968.655 KNm DRS-NA
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? NO DRS-NA
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
14016.31
mm
2
DRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
14016.31
mm
2
DRS-NA
Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.15177 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
225.000 mm DRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00111 DRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00123 < 0.0035 DRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
24.41
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
1.316
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
P
u
1750.370 KN DRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA DRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 DRS-NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
Required A
st
10455.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web YES
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
710.28 mm
y
f,max
252.79 mm
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1920.95 KN
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1502.14 KN
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3423.08 KN
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
4766.63 KN
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
61.74 KN
Total Compressive force, C 8251.45 KN
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1077891.84 KNmm
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
387646.83 KNmm
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1465538.67 KNmm
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 428.134 mm
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 282.143 mm
For average web only X/d 0.19032
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 183.156 mm
10366.05 KNm
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4108.92 KNm
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 10721.47 KNm
4278.53 KNm DRS
1307.253 mm
1299.344 mm
21962.731
mm
2

22854.032
mm
2

-0.001871 DRS-NA
10.65773 DRS-NA
-8283.401 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 928.613 mm DRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
285.542 mm DRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1475.432 DRS-NA
20126.475
mm
2
DRS-NA
DRS-NA GO TO 2 (C)
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 DRS-NA
0.00000 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
444.75 mm DRS-NA
y
f,max
212.96 mm DRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN DRS-NA
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm DRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm DRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm DRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm DRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm DRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 DRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm DRS-NA
0.00 KNm DRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm DRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm DRS-NA
0.00 KNm DRS-NA
0.000 mm DRS-NA
0.000 mm DRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm DRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 DRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 DRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
3.89
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.215
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
P
u
251.367 KN DRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES DRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 DRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
DRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
1300.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
-0.001871 DRS-NA
10.65773 DRS-NA
-9871.419 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 1164.157 mm DRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
320.874 mm DRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1237.686 DRS-NA
33567.070
mm
2
DRS-NA
DRS-NA GO TO 2 (C)
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.2201 DRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 -51.3282 DRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
326.24 mm DRS-NA
y
f
195.19 mm DRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
911.02 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
766.47 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
1677.49 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
4135.03 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
53.56 KN DRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 5866.08 KN DRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
234094.27 KNmm DRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
89945.16 KNmm DRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
324039.43 KNmm DRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 193.170 mm DRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 133.075 mm DRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0897641 DRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
118.726 mm DRS-NA
7934.72 KNm DRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 2263.64 KNm DRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 8000.00 KNm DRS-NA
-7000.00 KNm DRS-NA
1376.652 mm DRS-NA
1363.774 mm DRS-NA
15963.928
mm
2
DRS-NA
16247.265
mm
2
DRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
16247.27
mm
2
DRS-NA
10998.89 KN DRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
285.422 DRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00141 DRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00154 <= 0.0035 DRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
6916.530
mm
2
DRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
26.59
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
1.429
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
P
u
1813.324 KN DRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013259 DRS-NA DRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 DRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
DRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
6916.530
mm
2
DRS-NA
-0.001005206 DRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 3.58225277 DRS-NA
-7330.30869 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a #NUM! DRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
Lever Arm z = jd #NUM! DRS-NA
#NUM!
mm
2
DRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section YES
Number of Layer of Comression bar
1.00 No.
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 25 mm
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2

Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2

Helping calculation, d''
57.00 mm
Effective depth from in compression side d' 60.50 mm
Effective depth at tension side d 1482.50 mm
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
710.28 mmm
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00320
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
355.859 N/mm
2

Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2) 11.150 N/mm
2

Area of compressive stress A
sc
8728.566
mm
2

8333.510
mm
2

For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
31187.542
mm
2

for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
0.00
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
31187.54
mm
2

Neutral Axis, X
u
710.277 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00350 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
12063.716
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
0.00
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.000
N/mm
2

P
u
0.000 KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00000000 YES
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 -0.000010
Extra Increased area -19123.826 mm
2

Required Double reinforced A
st
12063.716
mm
2

Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 1152.88
KN
Shear stress 1.830
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 1.915 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 1.402 %
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 7.256 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.400
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.159
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.159 = 1.159
> 1.830 NOT OK
Shear Reinforcement is required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 10.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
157.08
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
199.071 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
200.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
94.1698
mm
2
7.7428 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
10.00 Leg 2.000 199.07 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
12867.96
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 26.21 Nos. Say 26.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
2293.97
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 4.67 Nos. Say 5.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 100.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
240.39
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 15.160 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 48.473 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0012822

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0000668

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0012154
0.1737022
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
-91.744
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] -0.0004666

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0002371

mt
=
1t
-
2t
-0.0007037
-0.1018498
0.0718524 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 268
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
1397.44 KN LC 538
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
62.88 KNm LC 538
Moment M'
uz
6317.18 KN LC 268
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
53.65 KNm LC 268
Axial Force, F
x
1770.85 KN C LC 268
Bending in another direction M
uy
72.28 KNm LC 268
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
200.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
500.00 mm Approx.Effective
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
500.00 mm Approx.Effective
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 500.00 mm Approx.Effective
Layer of bar in tension zone 1.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 50 (25m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
6317.59 KNm
Design Moment M
u
6462.76 KNm
Design shear force V
u
1598.66 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
500.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
500.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1739.50 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
859.649 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
940.351 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.115
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? GO TO 2 (C)
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 1490.68 KNm DRS-NA
-4972.088 KNm DRS-NA
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? NO DRS-NA
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
2492.04
mm
2
DRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
2492.04
mm
2
DRS-NA
Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.11498 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
200.000 mm DRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00084 DRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00096 < 0.0035 DRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
24.41
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
1.316
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
P
u
1425.564 KN DRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA DRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 DRS-NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
Required A
st
10455.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web YES
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
833.41 mm
y
f,max
255.01 mm
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1991.25 KN
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1770.00 KN
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3761.25 KN
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN
Total Compressive force, C 3761.25 KN
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1303909.73 KNmm
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
526832.21 KNmm
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1830741.94 KNmm
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 486.738 mm
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 346.669 mm
For average web only X/d 0.19929
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 346.669 mm
5238.67 KNm
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 5238.78 KNm
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 5238.78 KNm
1223.98 KNm DRS
1392.802 mm
1392.831 mm
10417.525
mm
2

10417.525
mm
2

-0.001872 DRS-NA
7.82775 DRS-NA
-5238.780 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 836.663 mm DRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
255.499 mm DRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1391.448 DRS-NA
10427.874
mm
2
DRS-NA
DRS-NA GO TO 2 (C)
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 DRS-NA
0.00000 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
521.85 mm DRS-NA
y
f,max
208.28 mm DRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN DRS-NA
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm DRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm DRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm DRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm DRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm DRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 DRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm DRS-NA
0.00 KNm DRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm DRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm DRS-NA
0.00 KNm DRS-NA
0.000 mm DRS-NA
0.000 mm DRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm DRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 DRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 DRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
3.89
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.215
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
P
u
198.286 KN DRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES DRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 DRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
DRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
1300.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
-0.001872 DRS-NA
7.82775 DRS-NA
-6462.764 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 1132.161 mm DRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
299.824 mm DRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1268.521 DRS-NA
14110.852
mm
2
DRS-NA
DRS-NA GO TO 2 (C)
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.2698 DRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 -20.6699 DRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
469.29 mm DRS-NA
y
f
200.39 mm DRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1121.27 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
996.68 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
2117.96 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 2117.96 KN DRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
413444.48 KNmm DRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
167048.28 KNmm DRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
580492.76 KNmm DRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 274.082 mm DRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 195.209 mm DRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.1122215 DRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
195.209 mm DRS-NA
3261.21 KNm DRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 3270.74 KNm DRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 3270.74 KNm DRS-NA
-3192.03 KNm DRS-NA
1544.275 mm DRS-NA
1544.291 mm DRS-NA
5849.078
mm
2
DRS-NA
5866.099
mm
2
DRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
5866.10
mm
2
DRS-NA
4184.94 KN DRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
469.291 DRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00197 DRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00211 < 0.0035 DRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
27.88
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
1.496
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
P
u
1425.719 KN DRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 DRS-NA DRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 DRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
DRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
3000.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
-0.001872000 DRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 7.82775000 DRS-NA
-6462.76408 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 1132.161 DRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1268.521 DRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
14110.852
mm
2
DRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section YES
Number of Layer of Comression bar
5.00 No.
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 25 mm
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2

Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2

Helping calculation, d''
57.00 mm
Effective depth from in compression side d' 174.50 mm
Effective depth at tension side d 1739.50 mm
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
833.41 mmm
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00277
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
352.086 N/mm
2

Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2) 11.150 N/mm
2

Area of compressive stress A
sc
2293.975
mm
2

2166.178
mm
2

For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
12583.702
mm
2

for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
0.00
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
12583.70
mm
2

Neutral Axis, X
u
833.407 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00350 <= 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
12867.960
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
31.96
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
1.706
N/mm
2

P
u
1924.355 KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00015932 YES
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 -153.508599
Extra Increased area 284.258 mm
2

Required Double reinforced A
st
12867.960
mm
2

Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 1598.66
KN
Shear stress 1.671
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 1.467 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.282 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 5.098 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.569
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.070
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.070 = 1.070
> 1.671 NOT OK
Shear Reinforcement is required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
120.731 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
100.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
55.3940
mm
2
5.9384 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 100.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
3093.46
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 6.30 Nos. Say 6.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
3216.99
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 6.55 Nos. Say 7.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 200.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
164.44
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 65.800 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 56.367 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0008659

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0004506

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0004153
0.0689500
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
76.267
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0003910

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0008949

mt
=
1t
-
2t
-0.0005039
-0.0844476
-0.0154975 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 554
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
721.95 KN LC 251
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
60.62 KNm LC 251
Moment M'
uz
1633.01 KN LC 554
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
15.92 KNm LC 554
Axial Force, F
x
353.89 KN T LC 554
Bending in another direction M
uy
5.37 KNm LC 554
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
200.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
2400.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
450.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 450.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 2.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 65 (32.5m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
1247.52 KNm
Design Moment M
u
1294.34 KNm
Design shear force V
u
937.49 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
450.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
450.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1711.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
621.687 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
1178.313 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.117
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? YES
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 7032.13 KNm
5737.784 KNm
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? YES
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
2113.28
mm
2

For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
980.18
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3093.46
mm
2

Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.02065
Neutral Axis, X
u
35.326 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00015
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00027 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2

P
u
NA KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2

Required A
st
3093.460
mm
2

2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web NA
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
819.75 mm NA
y
f,max
252.96 mm NA
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1762.76 KN NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1566.90 KN NA
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3329.66 KN NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
4348.50 KN NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN NA
Total Compressive force, C 7678.16 KN NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1135379.86 KNmm NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
458739.34 KNmm NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1594119.20 KNmm NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 478.763 mm NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 340.990 mm NA
For average web only X/d 0.19929 NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 204.506 mm NA
11567.01 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4561.67 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 11567.10 KNm NA
-10272.76 KNm SRS
1506.654 mm NA
1506.494 mm NA
21263.770
mm
2
NA
21266.198
mm
2
NA
-0.001929
12.08578
-8935.608
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 856.446 mm
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
258.467 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 1700.989
18834.573
mm
2

NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
513.30 mm SRS-NA
y
f,max
207.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
NA KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
980.18
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
980.18
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
980.178
mm
2
SRS-NA
-0.001929 SRS-NA
12.08578 SRS-NA
3358.119 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a -266.517 mm SRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
90.022 mm SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1474.332 SRS-NA
2431.566
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.0967 SRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 0.0000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
y
f
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0000000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
980.18
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
980.18
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.000 SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00014 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
0.00
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.000
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 SRS-NA SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
980.178
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000000000 SRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 0.00000000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 0.000 SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 0.000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section GO TO 1
Number of Layer of Comression bar
1.00 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 32 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d''
64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 1711.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
819.75 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00323 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
356.075 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2) 11.150 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Area of compressive stress A
sc
-18082.953
mm
2
SRS-NA
-17275.327
mm
2
SRS-NA
For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
3990.871
mm
2
SRS-NA
for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
18255.51
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
22246.38
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
819.753 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00362 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
12063.716
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012335 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Double reinforced A
st
22246.376
mm
2
SRS-NA
Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 937.49
KN
Shear stress 1.218
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 0.383 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.446 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 4.549 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.638
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.040
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.040 = 1.040
> 1.218 NOT OK
Shear Reinforcement is required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
453.162 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
200.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
99.7092
mm
2
7.9672 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 200.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
7122.37
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 14.51 Nos. Say 15.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
981.74
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 2.00 Nos. Say 2.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 200.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
117.62
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 23.214 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 51.069 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0006427

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0002004

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0004422
0.0669026
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
123.094
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0006419

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0003953

mt
=
1t
-
2t
0.0002465
0.0375372
0.1044398 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 548
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
219.58 KN LC 268
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
6.32 KNm LC 268
Moment M'
uz
3342.74 KN LC 548
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
19.49 KNm LC 548
Axial Force, F
x
1315.08 KN T LC 548
Bending in another direction M
uy
34.48 KNm LC 548
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
200.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
2400.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
450.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 450.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 4.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 80 (40m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 10.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
1988.09 KNm
Design Moment M
u
2045.41 KNm
Design shear force V
u
242.05 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
450.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
450.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1652.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
621.687 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
1178.313 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.121
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? YES
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 6777.25 KNm
4731.834 KNm
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? YES
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
3479.99
mm
2

For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3642.39
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
7122.37
mm
2

Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.03521
Neutral Axis, X
u
58.174 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00026
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00038 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2

P
u
NA KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2

Required A
st
7122.372
mm
2

2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web NA
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
791.49 mm NA
y
f,max
248.72 mm NA
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1701.98 KN NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1512.87 KN NA
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3214.84 KN NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
4348.50 KN NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN NA
Total Compressive force, C 7563.34 KN NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1058427.84 KNmm NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
427647.61 KNmm NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1486075.45 KNmm NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 462.254 mm NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 329.231 mm NA
For average web only X/d 0.19929 NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 197.436 mm NA
11001.28 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4252.50 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 11001.37 KNm NA
-8955.96 KNm SRS
1454.715 mm NA
1454.564 mm NA
20945.848
mm
2
NA
20948.192
mm
2
NA
-0.001929
11.65441
-8536.638
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 852.913 mm
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
257.937 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 1641.995
18556.993
mm
2

NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
495.60 mm SRS-NA
y
f,max
204.34 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
NA KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3642.39
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3642.39
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
3642.386
mm
2
SRS-NA
-0.001929 SRS-NA
11.65441 SRS-NA
2440.284 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a -202.592 mm SRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
99.611 mm SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1520.416 SRS-NA
3726.068
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.2545 SRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 0.0000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
y
f
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0000000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3642.39
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3642.39
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.000 SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00014 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
0.00
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.000
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 SRS-NA SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
3642.386
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000000000 SRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 0.00000000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 0.000 SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 0.000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section GO TO 1
Number of Layer of Comression bar
1.00 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 32 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 10.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d''
64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 66.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 1652.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
791.49 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00321 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
355.913 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2) 11.150 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Area of compressive stress A
sc
-16379.017
mm
2
SRS-NA
-15640.169
mm
2
SRS-NA
For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
5308.023
mm
2
SRS-NA
for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
19282.55
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
24590.58
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
791.486 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00362 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
12063.716
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012335 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Double reinforced A
st
24590.578
mm
2
SRS-NA
Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 242.05
KN
Shear stress 0.326
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 0.990 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.132 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 4.843 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.599
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.056
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.056 = 1.056
> 0.326 OK
Shear Reinforcement is NOT required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
-110.404 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
200.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
99.7092
mm
2
7.9672 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 200.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
7261.75
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 14.79 Nos. Say 15.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
981.74
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 2.00 Nos. Say 2.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 200.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
117.93
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 23.500 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 49.130 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0006436

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0001962

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0004474
0.0652607
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
122.779
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0006398

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0003875

mt
=
1t
-
2t
0.0002523
0.0370019
0.1022627 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 528
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
276.23 KN LC 519
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
57.13 KNm LC 519
Moment M'
uz
3453.01 KN LC 528
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
21.07 KNm LC 528
Axial Force, F
x
1337.39 KN T LC 528
Bending in another direction M
uy
35.09 KNm LC 528
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
250.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
2400.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
450.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 450.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 4.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 173 (6.5m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
2030.93 KNm
Design Moment M
u
2092.90 KNm
Design shear force V
u
479.36 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
450.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
450.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1654.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
590.443 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
1209.557 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.151
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? YES
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 8370.05 KNm
6277.149 KNm
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? YES
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
3557.58
mm
2

For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3704.17
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
7261.75
mm
2

Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.03596
Neutral Axis, X
u
59.471 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00026
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00038 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2

P
u
NA KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2

Required A
st
7261.747
mm
2

2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web NA
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
792.44 mm NA
y
f,max
281.37 mm NA
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1704.04 KN NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1514.70 KN NA
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3218.74 KN NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
5435.63 KN NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN NA
Total Compressive force, C 8654.36 KN NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1060992.17 KNmm NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
428683.70 KNmm NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1489675.87 KNmm NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 462.814 mm NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 329.630 mm NA
For average web only X/d 0.19929 NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 201.106 mm NA
12573.78 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4262.80 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 12573.87 KNm NA
-10480.97 KNm SRS
1453.023 mm NA
1452.894 mm NA
23967.691
mm
2
NA
23969.982
mm
2
NA
-0.001929
11.56304
-9485.891
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 980.914 mm
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
309.637 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 1644.067
21182.742
mm
2

NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
496.20 mm SRS-NA
y
f,max
236.93 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
NA KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3704.17
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3704.17
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
3704.168
mm
2
SRS-NA
-0.001929 SRS-NA
11.56304 SRS-NA
3463.875 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a -285.923 mm SRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
119.612 mm SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1450.716 SRS-NA
3995.747
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.2552 SRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 0.0000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
y
f
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0000000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3704.17
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3704.17
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.000 SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00014 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
0.00
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.000
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 SRS-NA SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
3704.168
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000000000 SRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 0.00000000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 0.000 SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 0.000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section GO TO 1
Number of Layer of Comression bar
1.00 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 32 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d''
64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 1654.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
792.44 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00322 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
355.993 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2) 11.150 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Area of compressive stress A
sc
-19115.387
mm
2
SRS-NA
-18257.323
mm
2
SRS-NA
For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
5712.658
mm
2
SRS-NA
for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
21961.49
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
27674.15
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
792.444 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00362 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
12063.716
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012335 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Double reinforced A
st
27674.150
mm
2
SRS-NA
Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 479.36
KN
Shear stress 0.644
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 0.989 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.132 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 4.841 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.600
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.056
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.056 = 1.056
> 0.644 OK
Shear Reinforcement is NOT required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
-195.743 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
200.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
99.7092
mm
2
7.9672 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 200.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
7700.20
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 15.69 Nos. Say 16.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
1963.48
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 4.00 Nos. Say 4.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 200.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
119.54
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 21.933 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 48.986 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0006526

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0001846

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0004680
0.0680647
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
121.172
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0006315

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0003655

mt
=
1t
-
2t
0.0002660
0.0388975
0.1069622 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 508
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
361.08 KN LC 206
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
4.78 KNm LC 206
Moment M'
uz
3722.93 KN LC 508
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
4.25 KNm LC 508
Axial Force, F
x
1399.57 KN T LC 508
Bending in another direction M
uy
17.72 KNm LC 508
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
250.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
2400.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
450.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 450.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 4.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No.185 (12.5m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
2234.48 KNm
Design Moment M
u
2246.98 KNm
Design shear force V
u
378.08 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
450.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
450.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1654.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
590.443 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
1209.557 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.151
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? YES
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 8370.05 KNm
6123.067 KNm
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? YES
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
3823.81
mm
2

For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3876.39
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
7700.20
mm
2

Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.03865
Neutral Axis, X
u
63.922 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00028
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00040 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2

P
u
NA KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2

Required A
st
7700.201
mm
2

2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web NA
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
792.44 mm NA
y
f,max
281.37 mm NA
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1704.04 KN NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1514.70 KN NA
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3218.74 KN NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
5435.63 KN NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN NA
Total Compressive force, C 8654.36 KN NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1060992.17 KNmm NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
428683.70 KNmm NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1489675.87 KNmm NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 462.814 mm NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 329.630 mm NA
For average web only X/d 0.19929 NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 201.106 mm NA
12573.78 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4262.80 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 12573.87 KNm NA
-10326.89 KNm SRS
1453.023 mm NA
1452.894 mm NA
23967.691
mm
2
NA
23969.982
mm
2
NA
-0.001929
11.56304
-9485.891
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 980.914 mm
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
309.637 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 1644.067
21182.742
mm
2

NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
496.20 mm SRS-NA
y
f,max
236.93 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
NA KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3876.39
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3876.39
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
3876.388
mm
2
SRS-NA
-0.001929 SRS-NA
11.56304 SRS-NA
3309.793 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a -273.736 mm SRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
121.440 mm SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1466.916 SRS-NA
4242.542
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.2659 SRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 0.0000 SRS-NA
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
y
f
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0000000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3876.39
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3876.39
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.000 SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00014 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
0.00
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.000
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 SRS-NA SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
3876.388
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000000000 SRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 0.00000000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 0.000 SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 0.000 SRS-NA
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section GO TO 1
Number of Layer of Comression bar
1.00 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 32 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d''
64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 1654.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
792.44 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00322 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
355.993 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2) 11.150 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Area of compressive stress A
sc
-18834.371
mm
2
SRS-NA
-17988.921
mm
2
SRS-NA
For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
5981.060
mm
2
SRS-NA
for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
21865.31
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
27846.37
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
792.444 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00362 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
12063.716
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012335 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Double reinforced A
st
27846.370
mm
2
SRS-NA
Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 378.08
KN
Shear stress 0.508
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 1.055 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.264 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 5.039 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.576
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.067
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.067 = 1.067
> 0.508 OK
Shear Reinforcement is NOT required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
-144.372 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
200.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
99.7092
mm
2
7.9672 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 200.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
2731.67
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 5.56 Nos. Say 6.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
1963.48
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 4.00 Nos. Say 4.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 200.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
168.55
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 65.800 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 56.367 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0008874

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0005112

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0003763
0.0624692
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
72.158
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0003699

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0010135

mt
=
1t
-
2t
-0.0006435
-0.1078396
-0.0453704 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 560
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
706.48 KN LC 515
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
68.67 KNm LC 515
Moment M'
uz
1470.91 KN LC 560
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
11.18 KNm LC 560
Axial Force, F
x
295.67 KN T LC 560
Bending in another direction M
uy
1.61 KNm LC 560
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
250.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
2400.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
450.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 450.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 2.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 198 (19m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
1139.60 KNm
Design Moment M
u
1172.48 KNm
Design shear force V
u
950.64 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
450.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
450.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1711.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
590.443 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
1209.557 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.146
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? YES
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 8677.85 KNm
7505.364 KNm
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? YES
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
1912.76
mm
2

For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
818.92
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
2731.67
mm
2

Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.01869
Neutral Axis, X
u
31.974 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00014
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00026 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2

P
u
NA KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2

Required A
st
2731.674
mm
2

2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web NA
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
819.75 mm NA
y
f,max
285.46 mm NA
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1762.76 KN NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1566.90 KN NA
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3329.66 KN NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
5435.63 KN NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN NA
Total Compressive force, C 8765.29 KN NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1135379.86 KNmm NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
458739.34 KNmm NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1594119.20 KNmm NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 478.763 mm NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 340.990 mm NA
For average web only X/d 0.19929 NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 207.048 mm NA
13182.48 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4561.67 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 13182.57 KNm NA
-12010.09 KNm SRS
1504.090 mm NA
1503.952 mm NA
24274.821
mm
2
NA
24277.207
mm
2
NA
-0.001929
11.97979
-9893.202
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 980.733 mm
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
309.610 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 1701.067
21464.036
mm
2

NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
513.30 mm SRS-NA
y
f,max
239.50 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
NA KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
818.92
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
818.92
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
818.917
mm
2
SRS-NA
-0.001929 SRS-NA
11.97979 SRS-NA
4585.680 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a -361.713 mm SRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
108.243 mm SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1319.563 SRS-NA
2460.983
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.2698 SRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 0.0000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
y
f
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0000000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
818.92
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
818.92
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.000 SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00014 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
0.00
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.000
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 SRS-NA SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
818.917
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000000000 SRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 0.00000000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 0.000 SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 0.000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section GO TO 1
Number of Layer of Comression bar
1.00 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 32 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d''
64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 1711.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
819.75 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00323 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
356.075 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2) 11.150 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Area of compressive stress A
sc
-21141.137
mm
2
SRS-NA
-20196.926
mm
2
SRS-NA
For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
4080.281
mm
2
SRS-NA
for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
21015.84
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
25096.12
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
819.753 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00362 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
12063.716
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012335 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Double reinforced A
st
25096.124
mm
2
SRS-NA
Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 950.64
KN
Shear stress 1.235
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 0.383 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.255 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 4.358 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.666
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.028
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.028 = 1.028
> 1.235 NOT OK
Shear Reinforcement is required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
390.564 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
200.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
99.7092
mm
2
7.9672 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 200.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
6916.69
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 14.09 Nos. Say 14.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
981.74
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 2.00 Nos. Say 2.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 100.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
301.10
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 25.308 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 49.309 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0017588

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0001284

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0016303
0.2368237
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
-140.694
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] -0.0007332

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0004069

mt
=
1t
-
2t
-0.0011401
-0.1677794
0.0690442 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 230
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
1068.57 KN LC 567
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
75.62 KNm LC 567
Moment M'
uz
4092.23 KN LC 230
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
18.07 KNm LC 230
Axial Force, F
x
1459.71 KN C LC 230
Bending in another direction M
uy
27.65 KNm LC 230
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
250.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
450.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
450.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 450.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 4.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 210 (25m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
4092.32 KNm
Design Moment M
u
4145.47 KNm
Design shear force V
u
1337.44 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
450.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
450.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1654.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
852.381 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
947.619 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.151
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? GO TO 2 (B)
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 1569.38 KNm SRS-NA
-2576.087 KNm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? NO SRS-NA
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
2803.27
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
2803.27
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.15115 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
250.000 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00110 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00123 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
24.41
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
1.316
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
1307.154 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 152.552663 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
7651.732
mm
2
SRS-NA
Required A
st
10455.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web YES
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
792.44 mm
y
f,max
281.37 mm
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1704.04 KN
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1514.70 KN
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3218.74 KN
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN
Total Compressive force, C 3218.74 KN
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1060992.17 KNmm
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
428683.70 KNmm
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1489675.87 KNmm
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 462.814 mm
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 329.630 mm
For average web only X/d 0.19929
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 329.630 mm
4262.71 KNm
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4262.80 KNm
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 4262.80 KNm
-117.33 KNm SRS
1324.343 mm
1324.370 mm
8914.934
mm
2

8914.934
mm
2

-0.001685
6.69870
-4262.799
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 795.539 mm
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
281.831 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 1323.056
8923.791
mm
2

NA GO TO 2 (B)
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
496.20 mm SRS-NA
y
f,max
236.93 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
3.89
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.215
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
178.934 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 1280.772357 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 1300.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
-0.001685 SRS-NA
6.69870 SRS-NA
-4145.470 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 766.688 mm SRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
277.503 mm SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1335.058 SRS-NA
8600.158
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.151 YES
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.4753
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 0.6912
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
786.12 mm
y
f
280.42 mm
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1690.45 KN
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1502.62 KN
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3193.06 KN
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN
Total Compressive force, C 3193.06 KN
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1044134.15 KNmm
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
421872.38 KNmm
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1466006.53 KNmm
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 459.122 mm
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 327.001 mm
For average web only X/d 0.1977030
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
327.001 mm
4224.81 KNm
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4237.19 KNm
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 4237.19 KNm
91.72 KNm
1326.973 mm
1326.999 mm
8818.165
mm
2

8843.826
mm
2

For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
8843.83
mm
2

3123.94 KN
Neutral Axis, X
u
786.123
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00347
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00360 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
6916.690
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
26.19
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
1.408
N/mm
2

P
u
1312.216 KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013058 YES
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 147.490189
Extra Increased area -1927.136 mm
2

Required Singly reinforced A
st
6916.690
mm
2

-0.001684800
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 6.69870000
-4145.47047
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 766.688
Lever Arm z = jd 1335.058
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
8600.158
mm
2

2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section GO TO 2 (B)
Number of Layer of Comression bar
1.00 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 32 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d''
64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 1654.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
792.44 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00322 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
355.993 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2)11.150 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Area of compressive stress A
sc
-213.985
mm
2
SRS-NA
-204.380
mm
2
SRS-NA
For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
8710.554
mm
2
SRS-NA
for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
8710.55
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
792.444 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00362 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
12867.960
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
23.78
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
1.283
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
1328.378 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00011854 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 4157.406 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Double reinforced A
st
12867.960
mm
2
SRS-NA
Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 1337.44
KN
Shear stress 1.797
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 0.923 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.132 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 4.775 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.608
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.052
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.052 = 1.052
> 1.797 Not OK
Shear Reinforcement is required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
108.351 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
100.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
49.8546
mm
2
5.6337 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 100.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
12867.96
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 26.21 Nos. Say 26.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
2263.98
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 4.61 Nos. Say 5.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 100.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
239.80
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 15.160 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 48.473 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0012790

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0000668

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0012123
0.1732484
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
-98.948
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] -0.0005032

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0002371

mt
=
1t
-
2t
-0.0007403
-0.1071519
0.0660965 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 534
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
1459.77 KN LC 238
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
30.45 KNm LC 238
Moment M'
uz
6357.32 KN LC 534
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
33.01 KNm LC 534
Axial Force, F
x
1909.89 KN C LC 534
Bending in another direction M
uy
38.87 KNm LC 534
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
250.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
500.00 mm Approx.Effective
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
500.00 mm Approx.Effective
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 500.00 mm Approx.Effective
Layer of bar in tension zone 1.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 210 (25m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
6357.44 KNm
Design Moment M
u
6446.76 KNm
Design shear force V
u
1557.21 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
500.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
500.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1739.50 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
852.381 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
947.619 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.144
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? GO TO 2 (C)
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 1839.95 KNm DRS-NA
-4606.813 KNm DRS-NA
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? NO DRS-NA
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
3114.81
mm
2
DRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3114.81
mm
2
DRS-NA
Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.14372 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
250.000 mm DRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00105 DRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00117 < 0.0035 DRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
24.41
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
1.316
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
P
u
1425.564 KN DRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA DRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 DRS-NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
Required A
st
10455.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web YES
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
833.41 mm
y
f,max
287.51 mm
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1991.25 KN
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1770.00 KN
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3761.25 KN
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN
Total Compressive force, C 3761.25 KN
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1303909.73 KNmm
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
526832.21 KNmm
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1830741.94 KNmm
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 486.738 mm
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 346.669 mm
For average web only X/d 0.19929
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 346.669 mm
5238.67 KNm
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 5238.78 KNm
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 5238.78 KNm
1207.98 KNm DRS
1392.802 mm
1392.831 mm
10417.525
mm
2

10417.525
mm
2

-0.001872 DRS-NA
7.82775 DRS-NA
-5238.780 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 836.663 mm DRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
287.999 mm DRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1391.448 DRS-NA
10427.874
mm
2
DRS-NA
DRS-NA GO TO 2 (C)
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 DRS-NA
0.00000 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
521.85 mm DRS-NA
y
f,max
240.78 mm DRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN DRS-NA
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm DRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm DRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm DRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm DRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm DRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 DRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm DRS-NA
0.00 KNm DRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm DRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm DRS-NA
0.00 KNm DRS-NA
0.000 mm DRS-NA
0.000 mm DRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm DRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 DRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 DRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
3.89
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.215
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
P
u
198.286 KN DRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES DRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 DRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
DRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
1300.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
-0.001872 DRS-NA
7.82775 DRS-NA
-6446.760 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 1127.712 mm DRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
331.657 mm DRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1270.372 DRS-NA
14055.402
mm
2
DRS-NA
DRS-NA GO TO 2 (C)
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.1445 DRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 -28.0871 DRS-NA
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
251.36 mm DRS-NA
y
f
200.20 mm DRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
600.57 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
533.84 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
1134.40 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN DRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 1134.40 KN DRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
118608.90 KNmm DRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
47922.79 KNmm DRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
166531.69 KNmm DRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 146.801 mm DRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 104.556 mm DRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0601071 DRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
104.556 mm DRS-NA
1849.29 KNm DRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 1854.68 KNm DRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 1854.68 KNm DRS-NA
-4592.08 KNm DRS-NA
1634.935 mm DRS-NA
1634.944 mm DRS-NA
3132.834
mm
2
DRS-NA
3141.951
mm
2
DRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
DRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3141.95
mm
2
DRS-NA
3943.11 KN DRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
251.358 DRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00106 DRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00119 < 0.0035 DRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
27.88
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
1.496
N/mm
2
DRS-NA
P
u
1425.719 KN DRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 DRS-NA DRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 DRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
DRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
3000.000
mm
2
DRS-NA
-0.001872000 DRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 7.82775000 DRS-NA
-6446.76001 DRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 1127.712 DRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1270.372 DRS-NA
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
Force of Tension, T
14055.402
mm
2
DRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section YES
Number of Layer of Comression bar
5.00 No.
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 25 mm
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2

Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2

Helping calculation, d''
57.00 mm
Effective depth from in compression side d' 174.50 mm
Effective depth at tension side d 1739.50 mm
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
833.41 mmm
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00277
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
352.086 N/mm
2

Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2)11.150 N/mm
2

Area of compressive stress A
sc
2263.980
mm
2

2137.854
mm
2

For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
12555.379
mm
2

for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
0.00
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
12555.38
mm
2

Neutral Axis, X
u
833.407 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.003500 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
12867.960
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
31.71
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
1.693
N/mm
2

P
u
1909.887 KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00015808 YES
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000
Extra Increased area 312.581 mm
2

Required Double reinforced A
st
12867.960
mm
2

Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 1557.21
KN
Shear stress 1.628
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 1.467 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.282 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 5.098 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.569
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.070
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.070 = 1.070
> 1.628 Not OK
Shear Reinforcement is required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
130.104 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
100.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
55.3940
mm
2
5.9384 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 100.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
3210.46
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 6.54 Nos. Say 7.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
3216.99
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 6.55 Nos. Say 7.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 200.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
155.29
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 54.833 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 53.922 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0008176

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0004343

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0003833
0.0610487
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
85.422
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0004379

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0008623

mt
=
1t
-
2t
-0.0004244
-0.0681247
-0.0070760 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 544
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
620.99 KN LC 251
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
67.38 KNm LC 251
Moment M'
uz
1667.71 KN LC 544
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
21.05 KNm LC 544
Axial Force, F
x
411.36 KN T LC 544
Bending in another direction M
uy
12.3 KNm LC 544
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
250.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
2400.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
450.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 450.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 2.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 225 (32.5m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 25.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
1206.81 KNm
Design Moment M
u
1268.73 KNm
Design shear force V
u
860.56 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
450.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
450.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1711.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
590.443 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
1209.557 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.146
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? YES
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 8677.85 KNm
7409.120 KNm
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? YES
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
2071.10
mm
2

For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
1139.35
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3210.46
mm
2

Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.02023
Neutral Axis, X
u
34.621 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00015
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00027 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2

P
u
NA KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2

Required A
st
3210.455
mm
2

2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web NA
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
819.75 mm NA
y
f,max
285.46 mm NA
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1762.76 KN NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1566.90 KN NA
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3329.66 KN NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
5435.63 KN NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN NA
Total Compressive force, C 8765.29 KN NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1135379.86 KNmm NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
458739.34 KNmm NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1594119.20 KNmm NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 478.763 mm NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 340.990 mm NA
For average web only X/d 0.19929 NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 207.048 mm NA
13182.48 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4561.67 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 13182.57 KNm NA
-11913.85 KNm SRS
1504.090 mm NA
1503.952 mm NA
24274.821
mm
2
NA
24277.207
mm
2
NA
-0.001929
11.97979
-9893.202
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 980.733 mm
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
309.610 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 1701.067
21464.036
mm
2

NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
513.30 mm SRS-NA
y
f,max
239.50 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
NA KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
1139.35
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
1139.35
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
1139.353
mm
2
SRS-NA
-0.001929 SRS-NA
11.97979 SRS-NA
4489.436 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a -354.510 mm SRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
109.324 mm SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1347.985 SRS-NA
2606.845
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.0983 SRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 0.0000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
y
f
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0000000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
1139.35
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
1139.35
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.000 SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00014 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
0.00
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.000
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 SRS-NA SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
1139.353
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000000000 SRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 0.00000000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 0.000 SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 0.000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section GO TO 1
Number of Layer of Comression bar
2.00 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 25 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d''
57.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 89.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 1711.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
819.75 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00312 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
355.148 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2) 11.150 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Area of compressive stress A
sc
-21352.309
mm
2
SRS-NA
-20343.879
mm
2
SRS-NA
For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
3933.328
mm
2
SRS-NA
for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
21483.23
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
25416.56
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
819.753 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00362 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
12063.716
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012335 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Double reinforced A
st
25416.560
mm
2
SRS-NA
Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 860.56
KN
Shear stress 1.118
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 0.446 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.446 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 4.613 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.629
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.043
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.043 = 1.043
> 1.118 NOT OK
Shear Reinforcement is required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
1084.332 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
200.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
99.7092
mm
2
7.9672 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 200.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
6680.54
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 13.61 Nos. Say 14.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
1608.50
mm
2
Provide 25 bar 3.28 Nos. Say 3.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 200.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
114.33
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S 25.308 mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = 49.309 mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0006293

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0002159

mb
=
1b
-
2b
0.0004134
0.0605038
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
126.381
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0006613

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0004230

mt
=
1t
-
2t
0.0002383
0.0350757
0.0955795 < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 224
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
186.39 KN LC 268
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
8.32 KNm LC 268
Moment M'
uz
3173.95 KN LC 224
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
2.97 KNm LC 224
Axial Force, F
x
1266.44 KN T LC 224
Bending in another direction M
uy
20.1 KNm LC 224
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
250.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1800.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
2400.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
450.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 450.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 4.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 240 (40m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 32.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
1844.85 KNm
Design Moment M
u
1853.59 KNm
Design shear force V
u
215.97 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
450.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
450.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1640.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
590.443 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
1209.557 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.152
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? YES
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 8294.45 KNm
6440.858 KNm
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? YES
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
3172.87
mm
2

For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3507.67
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
6680.54
mm
2

Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.03234
Neutral Axis, X
u
53.039 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00024
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00036 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
10455.000
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2

P
u
NA KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2

Required A
st
6680.540
mm
2

2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web NA
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
785.74 mm NA
y
f,max
280.36 mm NA
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
1689.61 KN NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
1501.88 KN NA
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
3191.49 KN NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
5435.63 KN NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN NA
Total Compressive force, C 8627.12 KN NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
1043107.01 KNmm NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
421457.38 KNmm NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
1464564.39 KNmm NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 458.896 mm NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 326.840 mm NA
For average web only X/d 0.19929 NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 199.668 mm NA
12425.83 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 4190.94 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 12425.91 KNm NA
-10572.33 KNm SRS
1440.459 mm NA
1440.332 mm NA
23892.256
mm
2
NA
23894.523
mm
2
NA
-0.001929
11.46068
-9387.398
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 981.163 mm
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
309.674 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 1630.066
21113.278
mm
2

NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
492.00 mm SRS-NA
y
f,max
236.30 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
NA KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3507.67
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3507.67
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
3507.667
mm
2
SRS-NA
-0.001929 SRS-NA
11.46068 SRS-NA
3653.720 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a -303.316 mm SRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
117.003 mm SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1409.041 SRS-NA
3643.528
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.2418 SRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 0.0000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
y
f
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0000000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
3507.67
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
3507.67
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.000 SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00014 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
0.00
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.000
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 SRS-NA SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
3507.667
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000000000 SRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 0.00000000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 0.000 SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 0.000 SRS-NA
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section GO TO 1
Number of Layer of Comression bar
1.00 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 32 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d''
64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 1640.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
785.74 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00321 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
355.972 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2) 11.150 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Area of compressive stress A
sc
-19454.466
mm
2
SRS-NA
-18580.053
mm
2
SRS-NA
For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
5314.470
mm
2
SRS-NA
for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
22087.72
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
27402.19
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
785.736 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00362 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
12063.716
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012335 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Double reinforced A
st
27402.190
mm
2
SRS-NA
Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 215.97
KN
Shear stress 0.293
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 0.931 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.200 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 4.851 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 0.598
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 1.057
N/mm
2
1.00 x 1.057 = 1.057
> 0.293 OK
Shear Reinforcement is NOT required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
-105.577 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
200.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
99.7092
mm
2
7.9672 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 200.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
Out Put:
Note : DRS = Doubly Reinforced Section, SRS = Singly Reinforced Section, NA = Not Applicable
Rqd. tensile Steel Reinforecement, A
st
318.80
mm
2
Provide 20 bar 1.01 Nos. Say 1.00 Nos.
Rqd. Compressive Steel Reinforecement, A
sc
628.00
mm
2
Provide 20 bar 2.00 Nos. Say 2.00 Nos.
Stirrups Provided:
Provide 8 bar Spacing 300.00 mm @ C/C Leg = 2
Crack Width Calculation:
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
sb
240.72
N/mm
2
Spacing of reinforcement S #DIV/0! mm
a
cr
= ((S / 2)^2+d'^2)^0.5 - Dia /2 = #DIV/0! mm

1b
= [f
s
*((a' - x
u
) / [(d-x
u
)*2*10 ^5] 0.0012535

2b
= b
t
*(a'-x
u
)*(D-x
u
) / [600000*A
st
*(d - x
u
)] 0.0023804

mb
=
1b
-
2b
-0.0011269
#DIV/0!
Stress in tensile reinforced level f
st
0.000
N/mm
2

1t
= f
s
*(a' - (-D)) / [(d- (-D))*2*10 ^5] 0.0000000

2t
= b
t
*(a'-(-D))*(D-(-D)) / [600000*Ast*(d - (-D))] 0.0047978

mt
=
1t
-
2t
-0.0047978
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0! < 0.2
INPUT DATA:- Governing Load Case For Design LC 248
INPUT DATA:- Axial force, Torsion Moments, Bending moments and Shear force:
Design Shear force, F
y
153.30 KN LC 234
Design Torsional Moment for shear T
u
=M
x
0.00 KNm LC 234
Moment M'
uz
163.95 KN LC 248
Design Torsional Moment for moment T
u
=M
x
0.00 KNm LC 248
Axial Force, F
x
0.00 KN T LC 248
Bending in another direction M
uy
0 KNm LC 248
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties :
Characteristic Strength of concrete, f
ck
25.00
N/mm
2
Grade of Steel, f
y
415.00
N/mm
2
INPUT DATA:- Material Properties and Dimensions of Beam:
Thickness of flange, D
f
175.00 mm
Total Depth of T- Beam, D 1500.00 mm
Width of Flange, b
f
300.00 mm
Width of web in compression fibre, b
cw
300.00 mm
Width of web in tension, b
tw
' 300.00 mm
Layer of bar in tension zone 1.00
MOLUNG KHOLA BRIDGE MEMBER
T - Beam with Trapezoidal Web, memb. No. 80 (40m)
W
crb
= 3*a
cr*

m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - x
u
)]
W
crt
= 3*a
cr
x
m
/ [1+2*(a
cr
- C
min
) / (D - (-D))]
W
cr
=W
crb
+W
crt
Cover, C 40.00 mm
Stirrups of Design purpose 8.00 mm
Dia of bar for design purpose 20.00 mm
Spacer for vertical spacing 32.00 mm
Calculations of required Design Moments, Shear forces:
Resultant Moment of ( M
uy and
M
uz
') = M''
uz
163.95 KNm
Design Moment M
u
163.95 KNm
Design shear force V
u
153.30 KN
Calculations of required Section properties:
Width of web in reiforcement level in tension, b
tw
300.00 mm
Width of Web, Average b
tw
300.00 mm
Effective Depth , d (Calculated) 1442.00 mm
Width of small portion in the flange, b
s
0.000 mm
Centroid of Section from Compression fibre C
c
715.092 mm
Centoid of section from tension fibre C
t
784.908 mm
D
f
/d (Calculated) 0.121
RESULT IN ACCORDANCE WITH DIFFERENT CONDITIONS:
1. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the flange? YES
M
uf, lim
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
f
*D
f
*(d-0.416*D
f
) 646.95 KNm
483.000 KNm
Neutral Axis lies in the Flange? YES
For M
u
or M
u,lim
Area of Steel, A
st
318.80
mm
2

For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2

for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
318.80
mm
2

Neutral Axis Ratio, X
u
/d 0.02957
Neutral Axis, X
u
42.634 mm
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00022
Total Strain due to (M
u
+F
x
)
cct
0.00034 < 0.0035 OK
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
331.010
mm
2

Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2

Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2

P
u
NA KN
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012170 NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA
for BM+compression, Extra Increased area A
st
0.000
mm
2

Required A
st
318.805
mm
2

2. Condition: If Neutral Axis lies in the web
Neutral Axis lies in the Web NA
Neutral axis depth ratio = X
u,max
/d 0.4791
Maximum Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u,max
690.87 mm NA
y
f,max
217.38 mm NA
Test : M
uf
,
lim
>

M
u
for Neutral in flange
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
990.42 KN NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
880.37 KN NA
Compressive force Trap. Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
1870.79 KN NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN NA
Total Compressive force, C 1870.79 KN NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
537626.21 KNmm NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
217222.71 KNmm NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
754848.92 KNmm NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 403.493 mm NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Compression fibre X 287.380 mm NA
For average web only X/d 0.19929 NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 287.380 mm NA
2160.00 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(Only for trapezodal Web) 2160.05 KNm NA
Capacity M
u, lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 2160.05 KNm NA
-1996.10 KNm SRS
1154.597 mm NA
1154.620 mm NA
5181.513
mm
2
NA
5181.513
mm
2
NA
-0.001123
3.89340
-2160.046
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 693.572 mm
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
217.786 mm
Lever Arm z = jd 1153.474
5186.661
mm
2

NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.300000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
432.60 mm SRS-NA
y
f,max
178.64 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Capacity if average web +flange M
uw, lim
=
0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (A) IF D
f
/d > 0.2
is chosen to make Test : C = T
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
NA KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.00000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00002 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
1300.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00001938 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 NA SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
-0.001123 SRS-NA
3.89340 SRS-NA
-163.950 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 42.634 mm SRS-NA
y
f
=0.15*x
u
+0.65*D
f
120.145 mm SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 1424.264 SRS-NA
318.826
mm
2
SRS-NA
NA GO TO 1
Hit and Trial = X
u
/d 0.2545 SRS-NA
is chosen to make Test : C - T = 0 0.0000 SRS-NA
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st,max
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st,max
Force of Tension, T
a= - 0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
- 0.0050175*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d + 0.00669*f
ck
*(b
f
- b
w
)
c= 0.2899*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.325*D
f
)-M
u
For D
f
/d > 0.2 A
st
2 (B) IF D
f
/d < = 0.2
Neutral Axis for balanced design X
u
0.00 mm SRS-NA
y
f
0.00 mm SRS-NA
Compressive force for straight portion, C
1
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force fo rParabolic portion, C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force Trap.Web, C
u
= C
1
+C
2
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Flange portion, C
3
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Compressive force for Small Flange portion, C
4
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Total Compressive force, C 0.00 KN SRS-NA
Moment of C
1
about Neutral Axis, Integration I
1
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment C
2
about Neutral Axis Integration I
2
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
Moment f C
u
about neutral axis Integration I
u
0.00 KNmm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Neutral axis ,Y 0.000 mm SRS-NA
CG of C
u
from Extreme Comprssion fibre X 0.000 mm SRS-NA
For average web only X/d 0.0000000 SRS-NA
CG C from Extreme Compression fibre X
max
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u
(Only for trapezodal Web) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
M
u,lim
(trapezodal Web + Flange) 0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.00 KNm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000 mm SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
For Tension Area of Steel, A
st2
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
0.00
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.00 KN SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
0.000 SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00000 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00014 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
3000.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
0.00
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
0.000
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00013902 SRS-NA SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Singly reinforced A
st
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
0.000000000 SRS-NA
b= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*d 0.00000000 SRS-NA
0.00000 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis X
u
=(-b+(b
2
-4*a*c))/2*a 0.000 SRS-NA
Lever Arm z = jd 0.000 SRS-NA
average web +flange M
uw
= 0.36*f
ck
*b
w
*X
u,max
*(d-
0.416*X
u,max
) + 0.446*f
ck
*(b
f
-b
w
)*y
f
*(d-0.5*y
f,max
)
Test, M
u
>

M
u,lim
(Doubly or Singly), M
u
- M
u,lim
=
for average web Lever Arm z= jd
for (Trap. Web+ Flange) Lever Arm z= jd
For avg. web +flange balanced section A
st
For (web +Flange) balanced section A
st
Force of Tension, T
a= -0.14976*f
ck
*b
w
c= 0.446*f
ck
*D
f
*(b
f
- b
w
)*(d-0.5*D
f
)-M
u
0.000
mm
2
SRS-NA
2 (C) Condition: Doubly Reinforced Section GO TO 1
Number of Layer of Comression bar
1.00 No. SRS-NA
Dia of Main reinforcement in compression 32 mm SRS-NA
Spacer for Vertical spacing 32 mm SRS-NA
Dia of Stirrups 8.00 mm SRS-NA
Clear cover, C 40.00 mm SRS-NA
Charactertistics strength of Concrete f
ck
25.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Yield stress of steel f
y
415.00 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Helping calculation, d''
64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth from in compression side d' 64.00 mm SRS-NA
Effective depth at tension side d 1442.00 mm SRS-NA
Neutral Axis depth ration X
u,max
/d 0.479 SRS-NA
Neutral Axis Depth X
u.max
690.87 mmm SRS-NA
Compression level strain
sc Or

cc
0.00318 SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of steel f
sc
355.632 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Compressive level stress of concrete f
cc
=446*f
ck
*(
cc
-250*
cc
^2) 11.150 N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Area of compressive stress A
sc
-4204.994
mm
2
SRS-NA
-4012.037
mm
2
SRS-NA
For DRS Total Area of tension steel A
st
1169.476
mm
2
SRS-NA
for Tension, Area of Steel, A
st3
4012.04
mm
2
SRS-NA
for BM+Tension, total rqd. Steel, A
st
5181.51
mm
2
SRS-NA
Neutral Axis, X
u
690.873 mm SRS-NA
Due to M
u
Compressive strain
cc
0.00350 SRS-NA
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.00362 < 0.0035 SRS-NA
for BM+compression, TrialTotal Rqd. Steel, A
st
12063.716
mm
2
SRS-NA
Due To F
x
,

Additional compressive stress f
sc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
Additional compressive stress f
cc
NA
N/mm
2
SRS-NA
P
u
0.000 KN SRS-NA
Hit and trial, Extra Comprssve strain due to P,
cc
0.00012335 YES SRS-NA
Test : F
x
-P
u
=0 0.000000 SRS-NA
Extra Increased area 0.000 mm
2
SRS-NA
Required Double reinforced A
st
5181.513
mm
2
SRS-NA
Check for Shear force
Design Shear force 153.30
KN
Shear stress 0.354
N/mm
2
Percentage of tension steel, pt 0.073 %
Percentage of compressive steel, pc 0.145 %
For D
f
/d < 0.2 A
st
for A
sc
, Area of tension steel A
st2
Percentage of tension and compressive steel, pt 0.218 %
=0.8*f
ck
/6.89*pt 13.324
t
c
= 0.85*SQRT(0.8*fck)*(SQRT(1+5*)-1)/6* 0.343
N/mm
2
1.00 x 0.343 = 0.343
> 0.354 NOT OK
Shear Reinforcement is required.
Dia of of Vertical Stirrups 8.00 mm
Number of leg 2.00
Planned area to Provide A
sv
100.53
mm
2
Required spacing of stirrups S
vreqd.
11092.042 mm
Plan to Provide, spacing of stirrups S
v
300.000
Minimum required A
sv
0.4*b*S
v
/0.87*f
y
99.7092
mm
2
7.9672 mm
Rqd. Stirrups
8.00 Leg 2.000 300.00 mm C/C
Permissible shear stress,
Kt
c
=
P/f
ck
0.07864
1.9660 % As
Total number of bar 21 No. area of one bar
500 mm Face As
1800 mm Face Bar No.
40 mm Number of row
1735.6232 mm Spacing of bar, S
y
8 mm Spacing of bar, S
x
64.376777 mm Percentage of one bar
25
N/mm
2
reqd. dia in mm
415
N/mm
2
P
uz
831.57855 mm P
u,x
0.4619881
0.6136042
Total Strain due to (M
u
+P)
cct
0.003500
k
u,b
= X
u,b
/D g C
1
C
2
X
u
M
c
, KN
0.4619881 292.4 0.1672 0.1922 831.579 2084.881
0.190805 5.8 0.0691 0.0794 343.448 1176.652
######### 0.0 0.4470 0.5000 ######### 0.000
k = X
u
/D g C
1
C
2
Xu M
c
, KN
0.571488 15.99 0.2069 0.2377 1028.679 2197.376
Find M
ux1
0.000 check M
ux1
3379.311 For As
Find M
ux1
0.000 Check M
ux1
3379.311 For As
N. Axis ratio Cntrod Cff. N. Axis
k = X
u
/D g C
1
C
2
Xu M
c
, KN
0.571 15.99 0.2069 0.2377 1028.679 2197.376
ku,0.002
Go on putting value of k here, get locus of M
i
and P
i
for drawing M
cap
against P
cap
DATA Prepared for INTERACTION DIAGRAM
For Compression
Ties
depth in compression d'x
Concrete grade fck
Yield Stress of Steel , fy
Xu,b
ku,b
Interaction Diagram Program
Percentage of Steel, p
Dimention of Column, b
Dimention of Column, D
Cover of Bar, C
Effective depth dx
0.300 19.753086 0.1086 0.1248 540 1650.242
0.400 400.000 0.145 0.166 720.00 1956.364
0.600 11.111 0.217 0.250 1080.00 2202.669
0.800 2.367 0.290 0.333 1440.00 1961.055
1.000 1.000 0.362 0.416 1800.00 1231.524
1.200 0.549 0.400 0.458 2160.00 675.737
1.400 0.346 0.418 0.475 2520.00 426.135
1.600 0.238 0.427 0.483 2880.00 293.047
1.800 0.174 0.432 0.488 3240.00 213.807
2.000 0.132 0.436 0.491 3600.000 162.847
4.000 0.026 0.445 0.498 7200.000 31.527
10.000 0.004 0.447 0.500 18000.000 4.390
15.000 0.002 0.447 0.500 27000.000 1.894
######### 0.000 0.447 0.500 ######### 0.000
Used Col. Used Col. Imp col. Used Col. Used Col.
INPUT Formulated Formulated Formulated
Rows As y
si
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
1 4825.49 835.62 0.003281 356.545 11.175
2 0 517.29 0.002198 335.182 11.175
3 0 198.96 0.001115 223.602 8.986
4 0 -119.37 0.000032 6.350 0.351
5 0 -437.71 -0.001051 -210.902 0.000
6 0 -756.04 -0.002135 -332.849 0.000
7 0 0.00 0.000438 87.819 4.357
0 0 0.00 0.000438 87.819 4.357
1 0 0.00 0.000438 87.819 4.357
2 0 756.04 0.003010 354.195 11.175
3 0 437.71 0.001927 325.206 11.160
4 0 119.37 0.000844 169.289 7.442
5 0 -198.96 -0.000239 -47.963 0.000
6 0 -517.29 -0.001322 -265.215 0.000
7 12867.963 -835.62 -0.002405 -342.825 0.000
Check 17693.449
Design Value ((Moment and Compression Load)
CONFIGURATION of Steel for INTERACTION DIAGRAM OF RECTANGULAR COLUMN
INPUT of FORMULATED
% 1.966
M
i
P
i
For, k 0.5714883 5078.952 -2744.88 For, k

si
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2

si
0.00328 356.545 11.175 0.00328 356.545 0.00151
0.00220 335.182 11.175 0.00220 335.182 0.00050
0.00111 223.602 8.986 0.00111 223.602 -0.00051
0.00003 6.350 0.351 0.00003 6.350 -0.00153
-0.00105 -210.902 0.000 0.00105 210.902 -0.00254
-0.00213 -332.849 0.000 0.00213 332.849 -0.00355
0.00044 87.819 4.357 0.00044 87.819 -0.00115
0.00044 87.819 4.357 0.00044 87.819 -0.00115
0.00044 87.819 4.357 0.00044 87.819 -0.00115
0.00301 354.195 11.175 0.00301 354.195 0.00126
0.00193 325.206 11.160 0.00193 325.206 0.00025
0.00084 169.289 7.442 0.00084 169.289 -0.00077
-0.00024 -47.963 0.000 0.00024 47.963 -0.00178
-0.00132 -265.215 0.000 0.00132 265.215 -0.00279
-0.00241 -342.825 0.000 0.00241 342.825 -0.00381
M
i
P
i
For, k 1.000
1140.503 1976.17
For, k

si
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2

si
0.00337 357.360 11.175 0.00337 357.360 0.00302
0.00276 351.917 11.175 0.00276 351.917 0.00256
0.00214 332.935 11.175 0.00214 332.935 0.00210
0.00152 296.240 10.526 0.00152 296.240 0.00164
0.00090 180.305 7.788 0.00090 180.305 0.00118
0.00028 56.148 2.909 0.00028 56.148 0.00073
0.00175 314.363 11.000 0.00175 314.363 0.00181
0.00175 314.363 11.000 0.00175 314.363 0.00181
0.00175 314.363 11.000 0.00175 314.363 0.00181
0.00322 356.017 11.175 0.00322 356.017 0.00290
0.00260 347.926 11.175 0.00260 347.926 0.00245
0.00198 327.234 11.174 0.00198 327.234 0.00199
0.00136 273.423 10.042 0.00136 273.423 0.00153
0.00074 149.266 6.769 0.00074 149.266 0.00107
0.00013 25.108 1.355 0.00013 25.108 0.00061
M
i
P
i
For, k 2.000 -1389.672 4887.83 For, k

si
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2

si
0.00250 345.317 11.175 0.00250 345.317 0.00222
0.00227 338.018 11.175 0.00227 338.018 0.00212
0.00205 329.726 11.175 0.00205 329.726 0.00202
0.00182 319.012 11.089 0.00182 319.012 0.00192
0.00160 304.004 10.727 0.00160 304.004 0.00182
0.00137 275.705 10.082 0.00137 275.705 0.00172
0.00191 324.266 11.152 0.00191 324.266 0.00196
0.00191 324.266 11.152 0.00191 324.266 0.00196
0.00191 324.266 11.152 0.00191 324.266 0.00196
0.00244 343.866 11.175 0.00244 343.866 0.00220
0.00222 335.945 11.175 0.00222 335.945 0.00210
0.00199 327.653 11.175 0.00199 327.653 0.00200
0.00177 315.509 11.025 0.00177 315.509 0.00190
0.00154 298.658 10.592 0.00154 298.658 0.00180
0.00132 264.418 9.876 0.00132 264.418 0.00170
17694.000 mm
2
area of one bar 842.57 mm
2
3580.9 mm
2
Face Bar No. 4 Nos.
Number of row 6 N0s
Spacing of bar, S
y
318.3 mm
Spacing of bar, S
x
70.7 mm
Percentage of one bar 0.093619 %
reqd. dia in mm 32.754
15433.20 KN
1909.890 KN
P
c
, KN M
i
P
i M
u
, KN P
u
, KN 3-IMP Value
3762.893 5078.952 -2744.883 7163.833 1018.010 IMP P
ub
1554.104 2064.172 -3971.600 3240.824 -2417.496 IMP, M
p
10057.500 0.000 7648.724 0.000 17706.224 IMP P
uz
P
c
, KN M
i
P
i M
cap
, KN P
cap
, KN TEST
4654.772 5078.952 -2744.883 7276.329 1909.890 Trialing
1.966 %, K 0.2629259
1.966 %, X
u
262.92594
P
c
, KN M
i
P
i M
cap
, KN P
cap
, KN At k
4654.772 5078.952 -2744.883 7276.3 1909.890 0.239300
Go on putting value of k here, get locus of M
i
and P
i
for drawing M
cap
against P
cap
DATA Prepared for INTERACTION DIAGRAM
For Compression PASTE here OUTPUT Interaction Diagram
Interaction Diagram Program
-2000.000
0.000
2000.000
4000.000
6000.000
8000.000
10000.000
12000.000
14000.000
16000.000
18000.000
-4000.0 -2000.0 0.0 2000.0 4000.0 6000.0
2443.500 5032.791 -3269.157 6683.0 -825.7
3258.000 5225.103 -3039.015 7181.5 219.0
4887.000 4968.149 -2611.411 7170.8 2275.6
6516.000 2944.563 -185.394 4905.6 6330.6
8145.000 1140.503 1976.168 2372.0 10121.2
9006.354 127.32 3158.79 803.1 12165.1
9394.623 -475.29 3862.39 -49.2 13257.0
9601.649 -880.99 4321.57 -587.9 13923.2
9724.911 -1172.023 4645.513 -958.2 14370.4
9804.182 -1389.67 4887.83 -1226.8 14692.0
10008.458 -1919.59 5432.03 -1888.1 15440.5
10050.672 -2063.61 5555.36 -2059.2 15606.0
10054.554 -2091.52 5578.75 -2089.6 15633.3
10057.500 -2128.493 5603.822 ######### 15661.3
6357.32 1909.89
Help Col. Help Col.
Formulated Formulated Formulated Formulated Formulated Formulated
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2
M
i
P
i M
u
, KN P
u
, KN
0.00328 356.545 5078.952 -2744.883 7276.329 1909.890
0.00220 335.182
0.00111 223.602
0.00003 6.350
0.00105 210.902
0.00213 332.849 IF($A$24<=1,IF($A$24<$D$14,0.003805*($A$24-0.5+$C51/$D$6)/($D$8/$D$6-$A$24),0.0035*($A$24-0.5+$C51/$D$6)/$A$24),0.002*(1+($C51/$D$6-1/14)/($A$24-3/7)))
0.00044 87.819
0.00044 87.819
0.00044 87.819
0.00301 354.195
0.00193 325.206
0.00084 169.289
0.00024 47.963
0.00132 265.215
0.00241 342.825
Design Value ((Moment and Compression Load)
CONFIGURATION of Steel for INTERACTION DIAGRAM OF RECTANGULAR COLUMN
OUT PUT TO BE PASTED CHECK
M
i
P
i
0.300 5032.791 -3269.16 For, k 0.400
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2

si
f
si, N/mm
2
295.837 10.514 0.00151 295.837 0.00246 344.191
100.406 4.894 0.00050 100.406 0.00126 253.467
-102.800 0.000 0.00051 102.800 0.00007 14.246
-296.971 0.000 0.00153 296.971 -0.00112 -224.974
-346.315 0.000 0.00254 346.315 -0.00231 -339.469
-358.895 0.000 0.00355 358.895 -0.00351 -358.506
-229.804 0.000 0.00115 229.804 -0.00067 -135.266
-229.804 0.000 0.00115 229.804 -0.00067 -135.266
-229.804 0.000 0.00115 229.804 -0.00067 -135.266
252.810 9.647 0.00126 252.810 0.00216 333.718
49.604 2.593 0.00025 49.604 0.00097 193.662
-153.602 0.000 0.00077 153.602 -0.00023 -45.559
-316.158 0.000 0.00178 316.158 -0.00142 -284.779
-352.301 0.000 0.00279 352.301 -0.00261 -348.217
-361.050 0.000 0.00381 361.050 -0.00381 -361.050
M
i
P
i
1.200
127.324 3158.79
For, k 1.400
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2

si
f
si, N/mm
2
354.266 11.175 0.00302 354.266 0.00281 352.447
346.863 11.175 0.00256 346.863 0.00244 343.890
331.627 11.175 0.00210 331.627 0.00208 330.858
307.694 10.819 0.00164 307.694 0.00172 312.271
237.565 9.316 0.00118 237.565 0.00135 271.248
145.597 6.640 0.00073 145.597 0.00099 198.214
318.397 11.079 0.00181 318.397 0.00185 320.771
318.397 11.079 0.00181 318.397 0.00185 320.771
318.397 11.079 0.00181 318.397 0.00185 320.771
353.271 11.175 0.00290 353.271 0.00272 350.933
343.907 11.175 0.00245 343.907 0.00235 340.919
327.404 11.175 0.00199 327.404 0.00199 327.505
297.225 10.553 0.00153 297.225 0.00163 306.453
214.573 8.757 0.00107 214.573 0.00126 252.990
122.605 5.787 0.00061 122.605 0.00090 179.956
M
i
P
i
4.000 -1919.585 5432.03 For, k 10.000
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2

si
f
si, N/mm
2
335.997 11.175 0.00222 335.997 0.00208 330.916
332.348 11.175 0.00212 332.348 0.00205 329.555
328.699 11.175 0.00202 328.699 0.00201 328.193
325.050 11.158 0.00192 325.050 0.00197 326.832
318.958 11.088 0.00182 318.958 0.00193 325.470
312.793 10.963 0.00172 312.793 0.00190 323.532
326.419 11.171 0.00196 326.419 0.00199 327.342
326.419 11.171 0.00196 326.419 0.00199 327.342
326.419 11.171 0.00196 326.419 0.00199 327.342
335.084 11.175 0.00220 335.084 0.00207 330.576
331.436 11.175 0.00210 331.436 0.00204 329.214
327.787 11.175 0.00200 327.787 0.00200 327.853
323.582 11.146 0.00190 323.582 0.00196 326.492
317.417 11.062 0.00180 317.417 0.00193 325.130
311.252 10.924 0.00170 311.252 0.00189 322.957
M
u,b
KN
7163.83
6255.60
M
u,b
KN
7276.33
Wrong points
Wrong points
8000.0
Series1
6729.19
7035.32
7281.62
7040.01
6310.48
5754.69
5505.09
5372.00
5292.76
5241.80
5110.48
5083.34
5080.85
5078.95
IF($A$24<=1,IF($A$24<$D$14,0.003805*($A$24-0.5+$C51/$D$6)/($D$8/$D$6-$A$24),0.0035*($A$24-0.5+$C51/$D$6)/$A$24),0.002*(1+($C51/$D$6-1/14)/($A$24-3/7)))
M
i
P
i M
i
5225.103 -3039.01 For, k 0.600 4968.149
f
ci(N/mm2)
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2

si
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
11.175 0.00246 344.191 0.00329 356.636 11.175
9.660 0.00126 253.467 0.00226 337.462 11.175
0.780 0.00007 14.246 0.00123 246.337 9.510
0.000 0.00112 224.974 0.00020 39.409 2.088
0.000 0.00231 339.469 -0.00084 -167.520 0.000
0.000 0.00351 358.506 -0.00187 -321.633 0.000
0.000 0.00067 135.266 0.00058 117.007 5.568
0.000 0.00067 135.266 0.00058 117.007 5.568
0.000 0.00067 135.266 0.00058 117.007 5.568
11.175 0.00216 333.718 0.00303 354.397 11.175
8.185 0.00097 193.662 0.00200 327.960 11.175
0.000 0.00023 45.559 0.00097 194.605 8.212
0.000 0.00142 284.779 -0.00006 -12.323 0.000
0.000 0.00261 348.217 -0.00109 -219.252 0.000
0.000 0.00381 361.050 -0.00212 -332.487 0.000
M
i
P
i M
i
-475.294 3862.39
For, k 1.600
-880.987
f
ci(N/mm2)
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2

si
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
11.175 0.00281 352.447 0.00267 349.719 11.175
11.175 0.00244 343.890 0.00237 341.476 11.175
11.175 0.00208 330.858 0.00207 330.352 11.175
10.950 0.00172 312.271 0.00176 315.285 11.020
10.003 0.00135 271.248 0.00146 291.014 10.369
8.315 0.00099 198.214 0.00116 232.865 9.208
11.115 0.00185 320.771 0.00188 322.334 11.133
11.115 0.00185 320.771 0.00188 322.334 11.133
11.115 0.00185 320.771 0.00188 322.334 11.133
11.175 0.00272 350.933 0.00260 347.773 11.175
11.175 0.00235 340.919 0.00229 338.695 11.175
11.175 0.00199 327.505 0.00199 327.571 11.175
10.783 0.00163 306.453 0.00169 310.586 10.905
9.650 0.00126 252.990 0.00139 278.288 10.127
7.777 0.00090 179.956 0.00109 217.724 8.838
M
i
P
i M
i
-2063.611 5555.36 For, k 15.000 -2091.520
f
ci(N/mm2)
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2

si
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
11.175 0.00208 330.916 0.00205 329.879 11.175
11.175 0.00205 329.555 0.00203 328.984 11.175
11.175 0.00201 328.193 0.00201 328.090 11.175
11.173 0.00197 326.832 0.00198 327.196 11.174
11.163 0.00193 325.470 0.00196 326.302 11.170
11.146 0.00190 323.532 0.00193 325.407 11.162
11.174 0.00199 327.342 0.00199 327.531 11.175
11.174 0.00199 327.342 0.00199 327.531 11.175
11.174 0.00199 327.342 0.00199 327.531 11.175
11.175 0.00207 330.576 0.00205 329.655 11.175
11.175 0.00204 329.214 0.00202 328.761 11.175
11.175 0.00200 327.853 0.00200 327.867 11.175
11.171 0.00196 326.492 0.00198 326.972 11.173
11.159 0.00193 325.130 0.00195 326.078 11.168
11.140 0.00189 322.957 0.00193 325.184 11.160
0.000
P
u,b
KN
1018.01
-1190.78
P
u,b
KN
1909.89
Wrong points
Wrong points
-301.38
513.12
2142.12
3771.12
5400.12
6261.47
6649.74
6856.77
6980.03
7059.30
7263.58
7305.79
7309.67
7312.62
IF($A$24<=1,IF($A$24<$D$14,0.003805*($A$24-0.5+$C51/$D$6)/($D$8/$D$6-$A$24),0.0035*($A$24-0.5+$C51/$D$6)/$A$24),0.002*(1+($C51/$D$6-1/14)/($A$24-3/7)))
P
i M
i
P
i
-2611.41 For, k 0.800 2944.563 -185.39
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2

si
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
'
si
0.00329 356.636 0.00334 357.088 11.175 0.00334
0.00226 337.462 0.00257 347.119 11.175 0.00257
0.00123 246.337 0.00180 317.231 11.059 0.00180
0.00020 39.409 0.00102 205.067 8.505 0.00102
0.00084 167.520 0.00025 49.871 2.606 0.00025
0.00187 321.633 -0.00053 -105.326 0.000 0.00053
0.00058 117.007 0.00131 263.266 9.855 0.00131
0.00058 117.007 0.00131 263.266 9.855 0.00131
0.00058 117.007 0.00131 263.266 9.855 0.00131
0.00303 354.397 0.00315 355.409 11.175 0.00315
0.00200 327.960 0.00238 341.759 11.175 0.00238
0.00097 194.605 0.00160 304.294 10.734 0.00160
0.00006 12.323 0.00083 166.268 7.344 0.00083
0.00109 219.252 0.00006 11.072 0.608 0.00006
0.00212 332.487 -0.00072 -144.125 0.000 0.00072
P
i M
i
P
i
4321.57
For, k 1.800
-1172.023 4645.51
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2

si
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
'
si
0.00267 349.719 0.00257 347.197 11.175 0.00257
0.00237 341.476 0.00231 339.495 11.175 0.00231
0.00207 330.352 0.00206 329.993 11.175 0.00206
0.00176 315.285 0.00180 317.420 11.062 0.00180
0.00146 291.014 0.00154 298.456 10.587 0.00154
0.00116 232.865 0.00128 257.409 9.740 0.00128
0.00188 322.334 0.00190 323.441 11.145 0.00190
0.00188 322.334 0.00190 323.441 11.145 0.00190
0.00188 322.334 0.00190 323.441 11.145 0.00190
0.00260 347.773 0.00251 345.534 11.175 0.00251
0.00229 338.695 0.00225 337.120 11.175 0.00225
0.00199 327.571 0.00199 327.618 11.175 0.00199
0.00169 310.586 0.00173 313.406 10.978 0.00173
0.00139 278.288 0.00148 292.330 10.410 0.00148
0.00109 217.724 0.00122 244.476 9.470 0.00122
P
i M
i
P
i
5578.75 For, k ######### -2128.493 5603.82
'
si
f'
sci, N/mm
2

si
f
si, N/mm
2
f
ci(N/mm2)
'
si
0.00205 329.879 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00203 328.984 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00201 328.090 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00198 327.196 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00196 326.302 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00193 325.407 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00199 327.531 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00199 327.531 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00199 327.531 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00205 329.655 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00202 328.761 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00200 327.867 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00198 326.972 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00195 326.078 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
0.00193 325.184 0.00200 327.892 11.175 0.00200
f'
sci, N/mm
2
357.088
347.119
317.231
205.067
49.871
105.326
263.266
263.266
263.266
355.409
341.759
304.294
166.268
11.072
144.125
f'
sci, N/mm
2
347.197
339.495
329.993
317.420
298.456
257.409
323.441
323.441
323.441
345.534
337.120
327.618
313.406
292.330
244.476
f'
sci, N/mm
2
327.892
327.892
327.892
327.892
327.892
327.892
327.892
327.892
327.892
327.892
327.892
327.892
327.892
327.892
327.892